Специфика архитектурного решения гробниц Царского некрополя Саламина. О роли погребального обряда, прототипах и параллелях

The article presents a review of the architectural and iconographic features of the big decorated Aksumite stelae in the May Ḥǝǧǧa stelae field at Aksum. Their location in the urban setting of ancient Aksum is scrutinized alongside their ceremonial and ideological function. The origin and meaning of the different features and decorative patterns characterizing the stelae are focused upon. It is suggested that these attributes may reflect ideological traits regarded as crucial by the Askumite kings and the elite in the first centuries CE. Moreover, it is demonstrated how some of these features are rooted in the local traditions, while others are related to the intense interactions the ancient Aksum had with neighbouring regions, such as the Mediterranean area and South Arabia. In particular, a new interpretation is proposed for the very distinctive outline of the top of the monuments: it may have been shaped after a specific type of shield also occurring in Meroitic and Post-Meroitic Nubia. Finally, it is suggested that the role these monuments may have played in ceremonies aimed at shaping the Aksumite identity.

This book analyses the 'local pottery' tradition of Roman Dacia. (In the summer of 106 AD a part of Dacia - today Romania - became a Roman province.) Taking wheel-and hand-made products, the author investigates only that pottery which clearly derives from the classic Dacian Late Iron Age, and under 'local pottery' includes the terms 'local tradition', 'native', and 'indigenous pottery'. The work contains a repertory of wholly native pottery found in Roman Dacia, as well as a list of sites.

Philanthropy in Indonesia is deeply rooted in local traditions and the spirit of communal cooperation, making it a fundamental aspect of social life. The concept of citizenship in Indonesia goes beyond legal and political definitions, encompassing socio-cultural values expressed through diverse philanthropic practices. This study explores how local traditions and the dynamics between mechanical and organic solidarity shape the socio-cultural framework of philanthropy and influence civic development. The researchers surveyed 387 respondents across seven key regions: Yogyakarta, Bandung, Jakarta, Makassar, Medan, Denpasar, and Samarinda. Data collection focused on communal awareness, traditional practices, and the roles of solidarity in charitable efforts. Multiple regression analysis revealed that local traditions contribute 35% to strengthening philanthropic values. Mechanical solidarity, rooted in shared beliefs, accounts for 25%, while organic solidarity, driven by functional roles, contributes 20%. The interaction between tradition and modernity adds another 20%. These findings highlight that cultural traditions and the combination of mechanical and organic solidarity are vital foundations for building societal awareness. The research underscores the importance of stronger collaboration between government bodies and communities to incorporate these cultural elements into Indonesia's modern, citizenship-oriented philanthropic movements.

The article is devoted to the gastronomic culture and its derivative – the gastronomic image of the territory. Gastronomy, as a field of knowledge, reveals the connection between food and culture and is an urgent topic of cultural research. Within the framework of this article, the subject of research is the study of the gastronomic image of the territory from a theoretical point of view. The author seeks to answer the questions: what are the system-forming elements of the gastronomic culture, how do the concepts of “gastronomic image” / “gastronomic brand” relate, what is the structure and what is the specificity of the gastronomic image of the territory in comparison with other perspectives of the positioning of the territory. Method and methodology: the ideas of this article are based on systematic, practical, semiotic approaches in understanding the gastronomic culture, modern gastronomic practices, and the gastronomic image of the city. The novelty and the author’s contribution lies in the theoretical positions that fit into the mainstream of cultural knowledge. The author offers his vision of the system-forming elements of gastronomic culture and his vision of the structure of the gastronomic image of the city as a 4-component fashion: food, places, people, events. The author identifies three specific characteristics of the gastronomic image of the city: 1) authenticity as an optional, not a mandatory feature; 2) dynamism as an indicator of the potentially high variability of the gastronomic image following changing living conditions and available resources; 3) a possible break with the local cultural tradition existing in hidden everyday life, while the gastronomic image is formed in the public sphere with the help of traditional and new media, greedy for hype. The results of the study can be applied in such an area of applied cultural studies as geobrending. A good theory is a guide to action, if you undertake to form a gastronomic image of the city, you need to understand its structure and specifics. The scope of the results: geobranding, cultural industries related to food, brand communications in regional media and new media, tourism.

The Museum of Aveiro/Santa Joana, in Aveiro, northern Portugal, has, among the liturgical books that once belonged to the Dominican Convent of Jesus in that city, a fifteenth-century antiphonary whose binding was replaced in the early seventeenth century and decorated with what I argue is a representation of the Immaculate Conception of Mary. Although the presence of such a theme on the cover of a Dominican liturgical book would be striking, since the Dominicans were opposed to the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, an analysis of the liturgical texts of the convent and other elements of material culture that testify to the religious practice of this community show that, despite the controversy surrounding the immaculist doctrine among the Dominicans, devotion to the Immaculate Conception was deeply rooted in the history of Jesus of Aveiro, and local traditions could sometimes prevail over the doctrine of the order, even in Observant communities.

Leksičke značajke deseteračkih dvostiha u tiskanim zapisima Slavka Jankovića i rukopisnoj ostavštini Luke Lukića

Recent surveys conducted in Sarıkale Tepe and Kocakale Tepe in 2018 and 2019 yielded some findings that shedlight on the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the Aeolis region. This study examines andbroadly evaluates a bronze fragment belonging to a curved knife, pottery that has stylistically similar examples foundin the Late Bronze Age layers of the city of Troy, gray ware which has an important place in the local tradition ofthe region, and a pendent semi-circle pottery sherd, found during the course of these seasons. The reflections of theexternal influences in Northern Aeolis, the continuation of the local traditions in the Early Iron Age and the existenceof the Aegean origin influences in the beginning of the first millennium BC were examined.As a result, the mentioned finds in Tisna reveal supportive results in addition to the new and known ones regardingthe transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in Aeolis. It is thought that the archaeological excavationsto be carried out in Tisna in the coming years will provide new evidence to support these findings.

The high vulnerability to environmental degradation in urban lakes requires serious management efforts. Involvement of various stakeholder components in urban lake management is urgently needed, including local stakeholders. This study aimed to see the influence of the role of local stakeholders (community and government) in preserving urban lake ecosystem services. Three lakes in Jakarta Indonesia with different surrounding landscape characteristics – Situ Babakan Lake (SBL), Srengseng Urban Forest Lake (SUFL), and South Sunter Lake (SSL) – were selected to see the local stakeholder's role in various ecosystem services such as fish provision, water quality regulation, local cultural preservation, and tree biodiversity support. Ecosystem services analysis was measured using various methods such as fish production potential, water quality index, total local cultural elements, and the Shannon-Wiener index. Meanwhile, observations of local community traditions and lifestyles, as well as interviews were used to measure stakeholder’s influence on ecosystem services. The analysis shows that SBL, a lake surrounded by a cultural preservation area, had the best ecosystem service conditions among other locations. Fish provisioning services in SBL had the highest production potential (2.99 tons/yr), followed by SSL (1.33 tons/yr) and SUFL (0.17 tons/yr). The highest value of water quality regulating was also found in SBL (53.6), followed by SUFL (48) and SSL (44.8). SBL also preserved the most cultural elements (10 from 12), followed by SUFL (7 from 12) and SSL (6 from 12). Tree biodiversity index had varied values in SBL (4.23), SUFL (2.81), and SSL (1.85). Cultural preserved area triggers local stakeholders to manage the area intensively because of the high importance in social, environmental, and economic value. However, government-dominated management shows the unpreparedness of research locations in adopting community-based tourism.

The aim of the Christian obituary is not to indoctrinate the faithful, but to train them, to bring hope, to create natural attitudes and constructive spiritual skills of man during life and in the face of death, to transmit Christian teachings for his salvation. This requires a commensurate sacrifice on the part of the preacher. In this context, the focus will be on the stages of preparation and elaboration of a Christian obituary, taking into account its special features. A special aspect that should not be neglected is related to the additions to the obituary that may be contrary to both local traditions and the teaching of faith. A special aspect that should not be neglected is related to the additions to the obituary that may be contrary to both local traditions and the teaching of faith. In such difficult moments resulting from the loss of a loved one, the priest must adapt his sermon in such a way as to include the essence of the Christian teaching about God's providence and the meaning of the Christian life, about God's reward after hard and long patience in suffering, offering consolation and peace to the bereaved family and those present at the funeral event. Therefore, thorough knowledge of Christian teaching, special and general training of the preacher are the essential conditions and stages for a successful sermon, for which he must train himself through spiritual, pastoral, cultural and intellectual effort, with time and without time, all his life.

The period between the 12th and 14th centuries which has been chosen for this study is distinguished for a noticeable activation of political and cultural life in Armenia, and the establishment of new cultural relations with the countries of the region. This period was also marked with active construction of monastic complexes, and a notable development of the sculptural decoration of church buildings. Some of the churches and monastic buildings of the 12th to 14th centuries are in a ruined state today, some of them facing the threat of complete destruction. Being located in remote and hard-to-reach places, the monuments under discussion have not been reconstructed and have remained unstudied. However, it should be noted that most of these buildings were constructed by representatives of the powerful princely families of the time, thanks to which, they stand out for their rich and original decoration. The book is divided in two parts. The first part consists of four thematic chapters, where the main issues relating to the sculptural decoration of the monuments are put forward and discussed, along with their artistic style, iconography, and stone processing technique. We have particularly focused on the principles of the decoration of drums, altar elevations, and church portals the design principles of which go back to the local artistic traditions and taste, at the same time also revealing close connections with the Eastern Christian cultural world and the main artistic processes of the region. One of the chapters presents the sculptural decoration of the drum of the Church of St. John the Baptist of Gandzasar Monastery (Artsakh). The catalog section includes 20 monuments with a detailed description of their sculptural decoration and basic information concerning their architectural features, epigraphy and history. The book is notably enriched with illustrations—about 600 photographs taken by the research group during three scientific expeditions. The study of the sculptural decoration of churches and monastic buildings of the 12th to14th centuries is still in progress. The rich material collected during the visits to the monuments has raised new questions and topics for discussion, and the publication of this volume is only the first stage of a comprehensive work on the Armenian sculpture of the High Middle Ages.

Military cooperation is an important part of international relations, alongside diplomatic, economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation. The invitation to the "joint soldier's table" brings armies together, giving them the opportunity to get to know each other. The military cooperation makes it possible to compare the structural arrangement of the armed forces, the training process, military equipment, and training experience. It is also an opportunity to learn about the latest trends in the development of combat technology. Due to it, the risk of an outbreak of open armed conflict significantly decreases, which contributes to strengthening international security. The military cooperation is a very important element of international security because "mature" states see in this form of contact both their interests and the interests of the partners. The history and traditions of Polish-Ukrainian military contacts are as long as the relations between the two nations. Intensive military cooperation dates back to the mid-sixteenth century. Its basis was the pursuit of military development of the Cossacks, which are a paramilitary form of self-organization of the local society. The next chapter of Polish-Ukrainian military cooperation began shortly after the end of World War I. While analyzing the political and military situation, the Polish state authorities noticed Ukraine's significance for the future balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe and its impact on Poland's security in the East. That was of particular importance in the context of the growing threat from Bolshevik Russia. The arrangements made on 14 January 1992 during the visit of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine Colonel-General Konstantin Morozov. In formal terms, the legal basis for cooperation was the Kyiv Agreement between the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of Poland and the Minister of Defense of Ukraine on cooperation in the military field which was signed on 3 February 1993.

This paper has provided an overview over the Viking Age burials containing textile- and cooking equipment, such as spindlewhorls, woolcombs, weaver`s baton, frying pans and loom weights in combination with weapons. Specifically, from Western Norway and the former county of Sogn og Fjordane, which is characterized by deep fjords and steep mountains and the fact that the burials generally contain a higher number of textile- and cooking equipment, a counterpart to the East Norwegian material. It is this combination of artefacts in single burials that challenge our traditional idea of identity and gender-divided activities in the Late Iron Age. My interpretation of these burials is that these untraditional or deviant burials are key to understanding complex identities during the Viking Age, specifically in Western Norway. On the basis of a composite and intersectional understanding of identity, I address the local tradition within Sogn og Fjordane in terms of local burial traditions. I suggest that the individuals from the Late Iron Age in Western Norway who was buried with textile- and cooking equipment combined with weapons can be viewed as giants of identity, because they potentially show a more complex identity than previously thought and had a wealth of social roles.

The Market for Residential Architecture: 19th Century Row Houses in Boston′s South End

Planning and Designing Watu Bale Beach Tourism in Kebumen using the Vernacular Architecture Concept Approach aims to create a tourist destination that is in harmony with the natural environment and local culture. This study identifies the potential and challenges in developing Watu Bale Beach as a tourist destination, and explores how the principles of vernacular architecture can be used to achieve this goal. The vernacular architectural approach emphasizes the use of local materials, traditional building techniques, and design that adapts to the local climate and environmental conditions. By integrating elements of local culture and tradition, this project not only focuses on aesthetic aspects, but also environmental and economic sustainability. The results of this planning and design show that the application of vernacular architecture can increase tourist attraction, minimize negative effects on the environment, and empower local communities through active participation in the development and management of tourist destinations. This conclusion is expected to be a guide to the development of other beach tourism in the Kebumen area and its surroundings

In 2021, excavations of a barrow were conducted on the Pamukli Bair hill in Malomirovo, Elhovo municipality, Upper Thrace, Bulgaria. These excavations yielded a remarkable discovery – a sequence of graves dating back to the late fourth and third millennium BC. Notably, these findings prominently featured elements of the early Pit-Grave culture, also known as the Yamna culture. However, the commencement of this burial sequence was marked by graves that diverged from the norms of the Yamna culture. These early graves contained individuals interred in a crouched position, with their heads oriented towards the east. Unlike the prevalent use of ochre in the Yamna culture, this type of funeral ritual exhibited a limited presence of ochre. Comparable central graves of this kind have also been documented in other barrows throughout the Middle Tundzha region and various parts of Upper Thrace, particularly in the “Maritsa-Iztok” area. These burials can be dated to the end of the fourth millennium BC and display similarities to both local funeral traditions (Ezero A1) and graves analogous to the Cernavodă/Nizhna Mikhailivka traditions. The horizon of barrow necropolises featuring these distinctive burials is clearly discernible within the Upper Thrace region and seamlessly connects to the horizon of the early Pit-Grave culture.