ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЯ КАЧЕСТВА ЭЛЕКТРООБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЛУЧАЙНЫХ ТОКОВЫХ НАГРУЗОК ЕГО УЧАСТКОВ

The article discusses the issues of ensuring the quality of electricity in power supply systems. It is shown that during the operation of power supply systems in certain cases the quality of electrical energy can be violated, including due to the uneven load of the electrical network phases, that leads to a significant asymmetry of voltages in this network. The emergence of a large difference between the voltages in the phases of the electrical network inevitably leads to negative effects on various electrical equipment of both power supply organizations and consumers' electrical equipment, thereby creating conditions for the occurrence of technological and electromagnetic damage, which are the reasons for the appearance of financial losses and other negative consequences in case of electricity quality violations. The results of voltage unbalance measurements obtained by the authors of the article while monitoring the power quality are presented. These results show that during the operation of power supply systems, modes arise in which the voltage asymmetry in the zero sequence significantly exceeds the permissible values. It is shown on a computer model of the simplest power supply system that reducing the resistance of the neutral conductor can serve as a rather effective measure to reduce voltage unbalance, especially when inductive load prevails in the composition of consumers.

The classification of drones - both military and civilian according to the relevant criteria - is presented. Block diagrams of a typical unmanned aerial vehicle and its power system are shown. Typically, a drone power system of the "micro", "mini" or "short range" category, according to the UVS international classification, is a set of DC / DC converters with a microprocessor control system. The power source for such aircraft is usually a battery, less often - fuel cells. During the flight, the engine speed is variable, and its change depends not only on changes in flight speed or direction, but also on weather conditions, such as wind, as the stabilization system constantly aligns the drone. This leads to the fact that the power supply system of such a device is actually a significant part of the time in transition condition. This leads to a significant content of the component of exchange energy that battery consumed which in turn will increase losses, and thus reduces the range of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The phenomenon of the occurrence of exchange power in the power supply systems of electric vehicles which powered from DC sources and specifically in the power supply system of an unmanned aerial vehicle is analyzed. The time diagrams of current, voltage, active and inactive components of power consumed from the mains power supply network of electric locomotive DE1 are illustrated. It can be seen that with a sharp change in the modes of operation of traction units there is a significant component of exchange power in the motor-network system. Such processes are typical for almost any electric vehicle and are associated with the presence of a significant number of reactive elements in the power supply systems, as well as frequent changes in load parameters. A block diagram of a typical unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. The unmanned aerial vehicle system consists of three parts: the air part, the unmanned aerial vehicle itself, the ground control station, which can be autonomous or manned, the control system, which provides communication and data transmission. The block diagram of the power system of a typical unmanned aerial vehicle is presented A simplified schematic diagram of the DC motor power supply system is presented. The relations for determining the amount of exchange power in the power supply system of an unmanned aerial vehicle are derived. It is concluded that to reduce the impact of this phenomenon, it is necessary to modify the power supply system by adding compensation units of inactive power component.

The article is devoted to the issues of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) on biogas integration into the power supply system of a livestock enterprise. The problem of the optimal SOFC’s capacity selecting is being solved. The object of the research is the power supply system of a livestock enterprise. A mathematical model of a power supply system operation with the biogas-powered SOFC has been developed. Using a computer program based on Microsoft Excel and a SOFC’s database, a study of the effectiveness of SOFC’s integration into the power supply system has been carried out. The dependences of energy, economic and environmental efficiency SOFC application indicators (installed capacity utilization factor (ICUF), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), total costs for power supply, discounted total costs for power supply, volume of used biogas) on the SOFC’s capacity have been determined. A methodology for selecting the optimal SOFC’s capacity taking into account the criteria of economic and environmental efficiency has been developed.

At present, the share of capricious customers in the market, that imposes increased requirements on the quality of power supply, has significantly increased. Moreover, recently the issues of increasing the environmental friendliness of technological production, the exergy component and energy saving are of particular relevance. Therefore, when organizing and designing power supply systems, a more correct solution would be to use an inverter-battery backup power supply system. Such a system will ensure reliable and uninterrupted operation of consumers in the building. At the moment, there is no alternative to road transport that is more convenient, affordable, in demand, and at the same time less harmful in all spheres of life. The volume of emissions per year in the world is more than 25 million tons of pollutants of various origins, which account for 23% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the world. The paper considers the solution of the problem of designing the inverter mode of the power supply system for connecting the charging station of electric vehicles to the substation of Novosibirsk. The connected charger of an electric vehicle, being a non-linear load, leads not only to an increase in the load on the power grid infrastructure, but can also be a source of power supply. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the quality of power supply during the operation of the charging station using the model developed in the MATLAB Simulink package for the analysis of higher harmonics in an inverter mode.

Modern motor vehicles are not equipped with devices that allow controlling efficiency of operation of power supply system, which leads to unexpected losses in operation. One of the solutions of the problem is continuous control of parameters of power supply system. However, their current values are not informative. On the basis of comparative analysis of power supply system parameters at normal and emergency operation the author suggests new principles of assessment of its efficiency. Results presented in the paper can get a practical development at realization of on-board device for monitoring power supply system for motor vehicles in real time.

The article is devoted to choosing ways to improve the technological reliability of regional electric network (REN) to ensure reliable power supply. At the operational stage, the task of increasing operational reliability is assigned to the enterprise asset management system of the territorial network organization (TNO), as a REN operator. Technological reliability is ensured by an operational dispatch control system, which uses the existing reserves in the network to support the technological process of electricity supply to electricity consumers in case of network equipment failures. The relevance of improving the technological and operational reliability of power supply system (PSS) requires the development and improvement of methods for analyzing and assessing the TNO's readiness to provide power transmission services. The indicators adopted in Russia reflect the level of technological reliability of PSS. However, these indicators do not reflect the technical condition of the equipment, or identify causal relationship between an equipment failure and an interruption of power supply. The research is aimed at identifying “bottlenecks” from the technological reliability standpoint and substantiating maintenance and repair, and technical re-equipment and reconstruction measures to improve operational reliability. A PSS model is proposed reflecting the technical condition of the network equipment, the operational readiness of automation systems, the availability of structural, functional and load redundancy in the REN. A method is suggested for calculating the PSS reliability indicators, where the developed indices reflect the degree of development of the network technical potential and the role of the aforesaid nodes in the PSS. The method makes it possible to identify the network parts, where it is necessary to introduce new technologies. In contrast to a well-known method, which is based on expert estimates of probabilities of different circuit-mode states of the network and on the calculation of normal and post-emergency modes, a less timeconsuming formalized procedure for analyzing and evaluating the network structural and functional reliability is proposed. The results obtained allow to increase the validity of the decisions made both at the operational stage and the design stage.

The article shows the power quality indicators that are most important for electric consumers: high and low voltage, high-voltage pulses, harmonic distortion, unstable voltage, voltage dips. Possible contingencies in power supply systems of the ground complex (PSS GK) connected with a deviation from the norm of the quality of electric power parameters are analyzed. In accordance with this, the power quality indicators that affect the cyclogram of the preparation for the launch of a space rocket (SR), which need to be monitored, are determined. The objects of management of separate components for operational withdrawal from an emergency situation (ES) are considered. In order to improve the PSS structures and improve the quality and reliability of PSS GK, taking into account the operating modes, at the design stages of the power supply system of GK, it is necessary to create and allocate an automated remote control and monitoring system (ARKMS) as a separate structure within PSS NK. The main requirements for the ARKMS providing control of the power parameters at the terminals of the electrical consumers of the process equipment (PE) are determined by monitoring the oscillograms of the AC voltage, the voltage, frequency and the non-sinusoidal voltage of the alternating current voltage. In addition, ARKMS performs registration and display of power supply parameters of electric consumers, monitoring of the operation of PSS as a whole and their components with reference to a single-time system. In case of exceeding the permissible limits of the power quality indicators, ARKMS will allow to take operational measures necessary for parrying contingencies, thanks to the operation of the elements of the power supply system. Information support was provided with the construction of the generally accepted structural block diagram of such systems, on the basis of which the three-level structure of ARKMS is implemented. The algorithm and basic principles of the ARKMS operation in the normal mode and the mode of exceeding the norms of the power quality indicators (PQI) are considered. A brief description of the structure is given, as well as an example of an algorithm for input control of ARKMS.

Mission critical equipment or system requires continuous, quality and uninterrupted power supply (UPS) for conducting various operation, monitoring and surveillance. Even in industrial application and medical services, commercial PSS serves the purpose. In case of defence projects, commercial power supply system (PSS) cannot be used, due to many reasons. Some of these are stringent environmental conditions, quick deployment, mobility and EMI /EMC issues. Also many application demand compact PSS due to weight, volume and space constraints. In this paper, various reference books, Standards and papers have been reviewed and exhaustive list of reference related to PSS is given. It has been observed by the authors that there is no classification and standardization of Gensets. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this regard. Various issues and guidelines related to Genset room, Canopy, EMI / EMC issues, environmental conditions, testing and evaluation and its subsystems have been discussed. In spite of rigorous testing, it has been observed that PSS fails to start or fails to work during operation. Therefore, main reasons of such failures are also summarized in the paper.

To solve the problems of high functional requirement, complex structure and poor versatility of manned spacecraft power supply and distribution ground test equipment, a modular universal ground power supply system (PSS) is designed. The functions of the system cover the functions of wire instruction opening, parameter measurement and state detection of the interface between the manned spacecraft and the ground equipment, and realize the universal and extensible configuration. This paper provides a general architecture design method for complex manned spacecraft power supply and distribution ground test system.

An electric power supply system should provide an uninterrupted power supply for continuous operation. In Pakistan, the electricity generated is not sufficient to meet power requirements. The everyday power instability and outage has a drastic effect on development, particularly in the industrial projects vital for economic growth. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with frequent power failure. This limits the development of industries. Power instability and outage in Pakistan creates a need for alternative source of power to back up the main supply. A microcontroller-based automatic power changeover provides wide applications under scenarios of discontinuity in main power supply from utilities. Such a changeover is useful when continuous power supply is necessary and smooth switching between alternative sources is required. This paper presents a prototype development of an automatic power changeover switch. The prototype is able to switch to the alternative power supply (generator and solar) and switch back to the main supply when it is restored. The switching preferences set within the system provide a low cost and effective solution for a hybrid power supply system. Besides, it also removes the delay caused by manual switching mechanisms.

To ensure the functioning of the energy system, coordination and increase the efficiency of its parts need new control mechanisms. Generation, transmission and consumption of electricity needed control mechanisms that include integration of self-organizing power and heat supply systems, built on multi-agent principle. Also they must correspond intellectual basis, monitoring and accumulation. This includes effectiveness assessment of the state and analysis of technical, technological and organizational management mechanisms. One of the main parts is interaction principles of energy systems in accordance with European Community policy at various levels at liberalized electricity market. In most developed countries, demand management programs are widely used as a means of harmonizing the modes of generation and consumption in the power supply system. The main direct methods are set in the form of electricity tariffs. Indirect methods are set in the form of programs to manage electricity demand and the possibility of their application to manage electricity demand. Methods for estimating the unevenness of the daily schedule of electricity consumption and the factors influencing the technological environment are presented. The work aims at scientific and applied problem – finding methods of estimation and features of managing the demand for electricity. The use of the proposed estimation methods of electricity consumption influence non-uniformity on the level of power supplies system losses based on Frize QF power and optimization of consumers’ operation modes in the power supply system is considered. Approaches and optimization mechanisms of the daily electricity consumption on the example of a residential complex with the possibility of energy accumulation are offered

A train driven by a linear thyristor motor (LTM) moves by one pitch of the ground coil in every cycle of the power supply voltage. Therefore the vehicular speed is determined by the power supply frequency, and the travel distance is determined by the number of cycles of the supplied power source voltage. This means that the speed and location of the vehicle are monitored and controlled completely by the power supply system. Hence, no information channel is required at least theoretically which connects the vehicle with the ground station. This paper proposes a power supply and control system for LTM and confirms its operating performances using an outdoor loop-type model system with circumferential length of 100 m.

An individual power supply source is usually used for each group of identical magnetic elements in accelerators of charge particles. We discuss the power supply and control system on the basis of additional current shunts applied for the simultaneous supply of several groups of magnets in the positron storage ring of the Low-Energy Particle Toroidal Accumulator (LEPTA). Data on the use of the shunt of the linear and key converter are given. The option of the device of a power supply system with the transformation of the recuperated energy in the storage battery and supply from it of the precision power supply sources of the LEPTA correcting magnets is considered. A channel of the individual digital transformation of power supply system elements is given which allows one to build, together with a reverse precision converter, effective intellectual balanced power supply systems.

The article deals with the concept of solar photovoltaic systems use in power supply systems. An analysis of local solar resources potential has been carried out, and optimal orientation points of radiant heat absorbing photovoltaic panels have been chosen to achieve maximum energy performance. Simulation of electric power systems having different configurations has been implemented using the software program Homer. It has been stated that a combination of solar and diesel energy systems is considered to be an optimal solution under the weather conditions of Montenegro. The systems working together make it possible to reduce maintenance costs significantly and adjust capacity generation schedule with due account for energy consumption features to a maximum extent. This allows generating electric power at less cost and results in a more reliable and continuous power supply without failures for a consumer chosen.

Forecasting the Risks of Stability Loss for Nonlinear Supply Energy Systems