أثر طريقة الصورة بالصورة على تنمية مهارة الكلام لدى الطلاب بالمدرسة الثانوية الثانية ستوبوندو

The purpose of this study was to determine the efforts to improve speaking skills through hand puppets in children aged 5-6 years at the Santiaji Jaya Mertasari PAUD Institution. The type of research is classroom action research, data collection methods, observation and documents, then analyzed using quantitative and descriptive qualitative techniques. The results of this study showed a significant increase in speaking skills in children. Pre-cycle it was known that children's speaking skills had only reached 24%, or there were 6 children who developed. The results of the first cycle of action showed that children's speaking skills had developed 56%, or there were 14 children out of 25 who developed very well and developed according to expectations. The results of the second cycle of action showed that the development of children's speaking skills had developed 84% or as many as 21 children at the Santiaji Jaya Mertasari PAUD Institution developed very well and developed according to expectations, while the remaining 16% or as many as 4 began to develop and had not yet developed.

This research was conducted based on the problem of students' speaking skills. The purpose of this research is to find out the description of the application of the active debate method, to know the description of students' speaking skills, and to determine the effect of the application of the active debate method on the speaking skills of fifth grade students at SD Negeri Borongkanang Kec. Bontonompo, Gowa Regency. This research is included in experimental research with a quantitative approach. The design used in this study was a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were all fifth grade students at SD Negeri Borongkanang, Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency. The samples in this study were 16 students in class VA and 16 students in class VB who were selected using simple random sampling technique. The data in this study were collected using observation sheets and assessment instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the application of the active debate method goes very well. The results of the inferential analysis using the independent sample t-test showed that there were differences in the results of the post-nontest questionnaire between the experimental class and the control class, which meant that the increase in students' speaking skills in the experimental group was better than the control group. So it can be concluded that: (1) the learning process by applying the active debate method is very effective; (2) the results of student assessments show an increase in students' speaking skills in learning; (3) there is an effect of the application of the active debate method on the speaking skills of fifth grade students at SD Negeri Borongkanang, Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency.

This study aims to examine the effect of the Time Token learning model on the speaking skills of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Parung Bingung 1. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 58 students, divided into an experimental class (using the Time Token model) and a control class (using direct instruction). Data were collected through speaking skill tests (pre-test and post-test) and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The findings revealed a significant improvement in speaking skills in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average pre-test score of the experimental class increased from 23.67 to 35.03 in the post-test, while the control class improved from 31.07 to 40.11. An independent t-test indicated that the Time Token learning model had a significant effect on students’ speaking skills (p < 0.05). The study concludes that the Time Token model is effective in enhancing students’ speaking skills by providing equal opportunities for each student to speak, reducing anxiety, and promoting active participation in learning. Therefore, this model can serve as an alternative for teachers in developing more interactive and effective teaching methods.

Speaking was a skill to give expretion, statetement, and convey thoughts, ideas, and feels by pronouncing articulation sounds or words. Speaking skills need to be trained from and early age, because speaking skills are very important for children so that they are easy to speak regularly and skillfully in the future, because speaking is one of the main communication tools. This research purpose to shown the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the teacher's role in developing children's speaking skills at Kindergarten Pembina 01 Air Haji, Linggo Sari Baganti District, Pesisir Selatan District. In the research used a method of qualitative with a approach in descriptive. This research uses techniques for data collection in shape of of observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique for data analysis was conducted by data collected, data reduced, data presented and make conclusions. According on the research result that has been conducted, it is said that the lesson plan in developing children's speaking skills is planned from the teacher in accordance with the RPPH and also the teacher uses the question and answer method, storytelling method, singing in developing children's speaking skills. The media used by the teacher is picture media, hand puppet media with fun learning strategies for children. And also the evaluation was conducted by the teacher to look development aspect in children regarding the level of children's speaking skills development.

Developing speaking skills is an important aspect of education at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Qosimy Jombang. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of implementing sam’iyyah syafawiyah methods in improving students' speaking skills at the madrasah. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a classroom action research design. The research participants were sixth grade students of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Qosimy Jombang. Data was collected through observation, interviews and document analysis. The results showed that the application of sam’iyyah syafawiyah methods improved students' speaking skills. Students show improvements in pronunciation, comprehension, and expression when speaking. They also show increased confidence in communicating. The implication of this research is the importance of applying sam’iyyah syafawiyah methods in teaching to improve students' speaking skills at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Qosimy Jombang.

This study was conducted to know whether or not the use of Information Gap Activities improves students’ accuracy in speaking skill that covers three elements of accuracy; vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar; and to know whether or not the use of Information Gap Activities improves students’ literal comprehension in reading skill. This research applied a quasi-experimental design; the nonequivalent control group design. It used two groups; experimental groups and control group. The data obtained from the test was analyzed quantitatively and then its’ result was compared with t-table to know whether they were significantly different or not. The data showed students’ mean score of accuracy in speaking skill and literal comprehension in reading skill improved after teaching by using Information Gap Activities. In experimental class, the students’ accuracy of pretest was 1.55 and improved to be 3.06 in posttest, students’ literal comprehension of protest was 0.82 and posttest was 3.21. In control class, the students’ accuracy was 1.90 for pretest and 2.32 for posttest; students’ literal comprehension was 1.63 for pretest 2.27. These findings indicate that the mean score of pre-test was greater than pretest for that both class. However, the students’ mean score in experimental was greater than control class where accuracy (3.06>2.37) and literal comprehension (3.21>2.27). It meant that implementing Information Gap activities were effective to improve the students’ speaking and reading skills.Keywords: Speaking and reading skills, accuracy, literal comprehension, Information Gap Activities

Educational institutions must continue to develop effective learning methods, such as presentation tasks that combine theory and practice. In English learning, apart from language skills, soft skills such as communication, conversation, collaboration, leadership, and problem-solving are very important. Vocational IDN Boarding School has set out to provide quality education and continues to improve learning methods that are different from other schools. This research aims to find out how students perceive the presentation of the English presentation task learning in English learning methods for improving students' speaking skills at a vocational boarding school. In this study, qualitative data were used for analyzing it. Data collection in this research used interviews methods, and involved 20 students from grades 10 and 11. The result reveals that the implementation of presentation tasks in English has gone well. Students are more motivated to practice speaking English to improve their speaking skills. The researchers found the novelty that some students’ implementation of presentation didn’t use the grammar (pattern sentence) and lack of pronunciation. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide nuance or valuable things for presentation development and learning practices in the world of education and will be able to contribute to the literature on English learning in particular and the development of soft skills.

<p>One of the goals of mathematics learning is that students are expected to have good understanding mathematics concept abilities. The application of discovery learning model in the process of learning mathematics is one of the learning modelsthat can improve students understanding of mathematics concepts. The learning process uses the discovey learning model so that students can find the concepts of the material being studied and can conclude their own concepts that have been found based on their ability to understand. This research aims to determine that: (1) students understand the mathematics concepts of discovery learning model in effective;(2) students understand the mathematics concepts of conventional learning model in effevtive; (3) the effectiveness of discovery learning model and conventional learning for understanding mathematics concepts, and to know in 11<sup>th</sup> Senior High School at SMA N 1 Gamping. This type of research is an experimental quasi experiment with research design Posttest Only Control Design. The population in this study were students of class XI IPS SMA N 1 Gamping. The sample in this study was class XI IPS 1 as an experimental class and class XI IPS 2 as a control class. The instrument used in the study was the observation sheet of the implementation of learning and the students understanding mathematics concepts test questions. Analysis of the data used is the t-test and the prerequisite test used are normality and homogeneity test. The result showed that using discovery learning model and conventional learning model were effective that students understand the mathematics concepts, and learning using discovery learning model was more effective than conventional learning model when viewed from students understand the mathematics concepts.</p>

This Classroom Action Research aims at developing students’ speaking skill through the application of oral report technique. This research is conducted collaboratively in three cycles in which researcher acts as a lecturer while his collaborator acts as an observer and each cycle consists of two meetings. Data of this research is attained from two main sources namely qualitative and quantitative data. The data shows that In preliminary study, 35.5% students could answer questions given by researcher through interview but the achievement score shows that 13.3% students could fulfill the minimum criteria of achievement. The minimum criterion of achievement is 60. At cycle I, 37% students could participate in oral report and 24.4% students could fulfill the minimum criteria of achievement. At cycle II, 51.1% students could participate in oral report and 42.2% students could fulfill the minimum criteria of achievement. The last is 75% students could fulfill the minimum criteria of achievement from 86.6% students who participated in oral report at cycle III from 45 students. Furthermore, the highest score obtained by student from each of cycles present that in preliminary study is 70 whereas 72.5 at cycle I, 85 at cycle II, and 90 at cycle III. Based on the findings of this research, it can be inferred that the application of oral report technique can develop students’ speaking skill in using English

This study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence, interest in learning, and learning behavior on the level of understanding of basic accounting. This research is a quantitative research. The method of data collection is using a questionnaire instrument which is distributed online via google form. The population of this research is the Accounting students of the Padang State Polytechnic class of 2018, 2019, and 2020 for the Accounting DIV study program and the 2019 and 2020 batches for the Accounting DIII study program totaling 367 people. The research sample amounted to 159 people. Samples were taken using a selection method with certain criteria. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 23. Based on the results of data processing, it can be concluded that partially emotional intelligence has no significant effect on the level of understanding of basic accounting, interest in learning has a significant effect on the level of understanding of basic accounting and learning behavior has an effect significant to the level of understanding of basic accounting, while simultaneously emotional intelligence, interest in learning, and learning behavior affect the level of understanding of basic accounting.

Wini Nuraini (2022). “The effect of using daily conversation YouTube video towards student speaking skill at the eleventh grade student of SMAN 1 Cihara, Leabak Banten, Academic Year 2021/2022”. This research paper aims to determine the significant effect of daily conversation YouTube videos on speaking skill of Class Xl SMAN 1 students Cihara Lebak-Banten Academic Year 2021/2022. Research Paper using a quantitative approach. This research is conducted from October to November, and researcher have chosen two classes, namely experimental class and control class. The technique in selecting the sample is take random cluster sampling; And analyzing the data, the researcher used Paired sample test with SPSS 22 statistics to analyze the hypothesis test. Researcher have found t-count results (-5.971) and Significant = 0.000 <0.05. From this the data can be interpreted that there is a significant difference between the two group in obtaining a score, because the result is a significance value of less than 0.05 which means Ha is accepted. Therefore, the researcher concludes that. The application of daily conversation YouTube videos has a good effect on students' speaking skills. Keywords: daily conversation, YouTube video, speaking skill.

This research aims to examine the efficacy of the Presentation, Practice and Production (PPP) method in improving the speaking skills of English learners participating in an English club, English Learners Community (ELC) at an Indonesian Junior High School in Palopo, Indonesia. Drawing on a quasi- experimental design involving into two classes; experimental class by using the PPP method and the control class by means of non- PPP method. The data were collected through pre and post of speaking tests and interviews. The statistical evidence showed that the students in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in the control group, indicating that the PPP method significantly improved the students’ speaking skills which can be seen through independent sample result where the value was 0.000 which lower than 0.05. The interview result also assumed that students felt comfortable and could understand the material well through the application of the PPP method. This research summarized that the use of the PPP method can improve students' speaking skills. This study recommends that future studies can apply the PPP method to improve students' speaking skills in formal or non-formal classes

This study addresses the students' need for enhanced speaking skills, particularly in terms of fluency. The inquiry posed in this thesis originates from the question: Can the application of the Presentation, Practice, and Production (PPP) method contribute to the improvement of students' speaking abilities when describing a person at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi? The objective is to ascertain whether the use of the PPP method has a positive impact on students' proficiency in describing individuals. The research adopts a quantitative approach through quasi-experimental methods. The study encompasses the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Sigi, comprising three classes. The experimental class comprises 20 students, while the control class consists of 20 students. Purposive sampling is employed to select students from classes VIII A and VIII B. The research findings demonstrate that the utilization of the Presentation Practice Production (PPP) method significantly enhances students' speaking skills, specifically in terms of fluency. This is evident from the mean scores of the experimental and control classes, which are 17.65 and 8.9, respectively. The calculated t-value of 4.26, with a degree of freedom (df) of 38 (20+20-2) and a significance level of 0.05, surpasses the critical t-table value of 2.00. Consequently, the hypothesis of the research is accepted, affirming that the implementation of the Presentation Practice Production method is effective in improving the speaking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Sigi.

AbstrakAt the Institute of Islamic religion of Bengkulu There is an Arabic Language Education faculty. In this faculty students are taught Arabic skills, be it listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills and writing skills. The material used to teach speech skills is teaching material written and composed by "Yeni fatriani" consisting of material of dialogue and grammar material, and this material in the form of printed book format, and the method used is direct method. So researchers see that the problem in teaching the speaking skills in this faculty is the teaching materials used, the teaching materials used are not in the form of a special book of speaking learning, and have not been prepared in accordance with the cognitive process. As it is known that the learning process is a cognitive process, so that researchers develop teaching materials speaking skills based on cognitive theory, And researchers see that this theory in accordance with the stages of the process of speaking, because the process of language lies in the brain.Based on the introduction above, the researcher presents the following research problem formulation: (1) How to develop teaching material of speech skill based on cognitive theory at institute of Islamic religion of Bengkulu. (2) What are the characteristics of speaking skills teaching materials developed based on cognitive theory in institute of Islamic religion of Bengkulu. (3) How is the effectiveness of teaching skill material developed based on cognitive theory at institute of Islamic religion Bengkulu. The purpose of this research are: 1) Creating teaching materials product speaking skill based on cognitive theory for students of institute of Islamic religion of Bengkulu 2) Knowing the characteristics of teaching materials for speaking skills on the basis of cognitive theory, 3) Knowing the effectiveness of the application of teaching materials that have been developed in improving the ability to speak the students of institute of Islamic religion of Bengkulu.This research was conducted by using qualitative and quantitative approaches to Borg and Galll's experimental and development methods (Research & Development) written by Sugiyono. This research produces a product. The results of this study are: (1) teaching material of speaking skill based on cognitive theory for student of institute of Islamic religion of Bengkulu. with the following development procedures: needs and problem analysis, data gathering, Product design, product validation, product improvement, product validity test, field test, and final improvements. (2) Characteristics of educational materials consist of cognitive processes, namely: attention, interpretation, arrangement of grammar and store it in memory, and repetition. (3) The results of this study indicate that the use of teaching materials developed is very effective in helping students improve their speaking and expression skills with Arabic. The effectiveness of the product can be seen from the results of pre test and post test of students tested through t test, then the value obtained from pre-test 2010 and post test 2345, with a success rate of t test 27.75% of the df level (32) is 1.711 and the score derived from mathematical calculations is 71, 06. This statistical calculation shows that the value of the independent test t is 4825 greater than the value (t table) 1.711 (1.711 <27.06). and supported by questionnaires of lecturers and students, each scored 82% and 84%, then with these values it can be concluded that the developed material is acceptable.

This research aims to determine whether there is an influence of the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) model on students' speaking skills at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This research method uses Quasi Experimental Design, a form of Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The data for this research are the results of learning speaking skills using the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) model. The sample for this research was 40 Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students. Data collection techniques include interviews and questionnaires. Before analysis, the data was tested using expert validity, normality and homogeneity tests. Next, a hypothesis test was carried out using T test analysis (T-Test), namely the Independent Simple T-Test. Output results of the normality test using the Shapiro Wilk test with the help of SPSS version 20. 0 for windows by looking at the Pretest data, the experimental class value is 0.379 > 0.05 and the control class value is 0.491 > 0.05, indicating that the data variance for the experimental class and control class is normally distributed. After knowing that the samples are normally distributed, the next step is to carry out a normality test to find out whether the two samples have the same variance. The statistical analysis used to test homogeneity is the homogeneity of variance test (F Test) with the help of SPSS version 20.0 for Windows. Significance level >0.05. Data is declared homogeneous if the significant value is greater than 5% or 0.05. The results of the research showed that the control class got an average pretest to posttest score which increased. In the experimental class, the average student pretest to posttest scores also increased. In the analysis of hypothesis testing using the t test (independent sample t test) by comparing the experimental class posttest data with the control class posttest, it shows that the application of the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFAE) learning model has no effect on the speaking skills of students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.