К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ИЗУЧЕНИИ СТРУКТУРЫ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КУРСАНТОВ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ ФСИН РОССИИ

Laboratory evidence linking exercise with improved sleep quality raises the possibility that the lower levels of physical activity characteristic of older age groups may contribute to late-life insomnia. While support for this hypothesis appears to come from epidemiological surveys, few such studies have distinguished satisfactorily between social and physical activities which differ widely in terms of energy cost and theoretical significance. The present analyses were, therefore, designed to assess the independent influence of physical and social activity levels on the prevalence and natural history of late-life insomnia. Survivors from a nationally representative UK sample (n = 1042) of elderly people originally interviewed in 1985 were reassessed in 1989 (n = 690) and 1993 (n = 410). Detailed assessments of physical and social activities, mental and physical health status, and sleep quality were made at each survey wave. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex and health status, were used to assess relationships between activity levels and the prevalence, remission/persistence, and incidence of late-life insomnia. Lower physical health, depressed mood and lower physical (but not social) activity levels consistently emerged as significant risk factors for prevalent, persistent and incident insomnia. Age was unrelated to insomnia variables in all the cross-sectional models, but did emerge as a significant risk for cumulative 4-8-year insomnia incidence. These findings suggest that, independent of those activities more closely associated with social engagement, higher levels of customary physical activity per se appear to be protective against incident and chronic late-life insomnia.

Achilles tendinopathy negatively affects a person's ability to be physically active. However, remaining physically active during the rehabilitation process does not impact clinical outcomes when a pain-monitoring model is followed. There are several factors, such as the progression of pain and structural changes, kinesiophobia, functional impairments, or medical advice, which may explain why some patients become physically inactive while others maintain a physically active lifestyle. The purposes of this study were 1) to compare the clinical presentation of patients with Achilles tendinopathy with high and low activity levels 2) to examine the relationship between tendon thickening and symptom severity in patients with Achilles tendinopathy and 3) to determine the proportion of patients with Achilles tendinopathy who have a high degree of kinesiophobia and if this proportion differs based on activity level. Cross-sectional. Fifty-three patients with Achilles tendinopathy were dichotomized into low activity (n=30) and high activity (n=23) groups based on their physical activity level. Patient characteristics, symptom severity, kinesiophobia, tendon thickening, and lower leg function were quantified and analyzed to test the study hypotheses. Patients with low activity levels had greater tendon thickening and a larger body mass compared to patients with high activity levels. There were no differences in symptom severity, kinesiophobia, or lower leg function between groups. A negative relationship (r=-0.491; p<0.001) was found between tendon thickening and symptom severity. Thirty-eight percent of patients demonstrated a high degree of kinesiophobia, but the proportion did not differ between groups. Patients with Achilles tendinopathy who have low physical activity levels demonstrate greater tendinosis than patients who are highly active. These structural changes are negatively associated with symptom severity. However, symptom severity, kinesiophobia, and functional deficits do not differ between patients with different activity levels. Level 3.

073_16945-L4 Severity of Heart Failure and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

In studies that involve the use of a room calorimeter, 24 h energy intake is often larger than 24 h energy expenditure (24 h EE) because of a decrease in activity energy expenditure due to the confined space. This positive energy balance can have large consequences for the interpretation of substrate balances. The objective of this study was to develop a method for predicting an individual's 24 h EE in a room calorimeter at both low (1.4xRMR) and high (1.8xRMR) levels of physical activity. Two methods are presented that predict an individual's 24 h EE in a metabolic chamber. The first method was based on three components: (1) a 30 min measurement of resting metabolic rate (RMR) using a ventilated hood system; (2) measurement of exercise energy expenditure during 10 min of treadmill walking; and (3) estimation of free-living energy expenditure using a tri-axial motion sensor. Using these measurements we calculated the amount of treadmill time needed for each individual in order to obtain a total 24 h EE at either a low (1.4xRMR) or a high (1.8xRMR) level of physical activity. We also developed a method to predict total 24 h EE during the chamber stay by using the energy expenditure values for the different levels of activity as measured during the hours already spent in the chamber. This would provide us with a tool to adjust the exercise time and/or energy intake during the chamber stay. Method 1: there was no significant difference in expected and measured 24 h EE under either low (9.35+/-0.56 vs 9.51+/-0.47 MJ/day; measured vs predicted) or high activity conditions (13.41+/-0.74 vs 13.97+/-0.78 MJ/day; measured vs predicted). Method 2: the developed algorithm predicted 24 h EE for 97.6+/-4.0% of the final value at 3 h into the test day, and for 98.6+/-3.7% at 7 h into the test day. Both methods provide accurate prediction of energy expenditure in a room calorimeter at both high and low levels of physical activity. It equally shows that it is possible to accurately predict total 24 h EE from energy expenditure values obtained at 3 and 7 h into the study.

The purified metalloprotease and the partially purified cysteine protease from pathogenic Cryptobia salmositica were characterized. Using haemoglobin gel electrophoresis, we detected five enzymatic bands in crude parasite lysate; one protease (200 kDa) yielded a metalloprotease band and other four, cysteine protease bands (97, 70, 66 and 49 kDa). Both the metalloprotease and the cysteine protease had high levels of proteolytic activity against azocasein, haemoglobin and fibrinogen. The metalloprotease had high levels of activity against azocoll and gelatin but a low degree of activity against albumin. In contrast, the cysteine protease had extensive activity against albumin but low levels of activity against azocoll and gelatin. The metallo- and cysteine proteases had no activity against Pz-peptide, a specific substrate for bacterial collagenase. The optimal pH for the metalloprotease and the cysteine protease was 7.0 and 5.0, respectively. The metalloprotease was inhibited by metal-chelating agents and excess of zinc ions but was activated by calcium ions. The cysteine protease was inhibited by thiol-blocking agents. The natural antiprotease alpha2-macroglobulin, but not alpha1-protease inhibitor, inhibited the activity of both proteases from C. salmositica. The optimal in vitro temperature for the purified metalloprotease was 30 degrees C.

Evaluating the adequacy of medical care systems in Hokkaido, Japan

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to shed light on the lifeworld of thirteen-year-olds with high and low activity levels in relation to movement activities. Insights on this topic could serve as important resources for all those who contribute to the development and life quality of young teenagers through various contexts involving movement activities. The empirical material is based on individual interviews with four young teenagers. Two of the teenagers were characterized by a high physical activity level, and two by a low physical activity level. The analysis process has been carried out in accordance with the interpretative phenomenological analysis method. The study uncovered both unique and parallel meaning-making dimensions among the participants, but a pattern of several dissimilarities distinguished the highly active from those with low activity. Among those with high activity ‘finding oneself in the activity’, ‘to be better’, ‘interplay’, and ‘self-regulation’ were identified as meaning-making dimensions. Among those with low activity, ‘ambivalence’, ‘to be good’, ‘interplay’, and ‘self-regulation’ were identified as meaning-making dimensions. Meaning-making, in terms of interplay and self-regulation, expressed a partly polarized picture of the lifeworld of young people with high and low activity levels in relation to movement activities. The identified meaning-making dimensions have been interpreted and discussed in accordance with physical literacy (Whitehead, 2010. Physical literacy: Throughout the lifecourse. Routledge), as an expression of individual stances in a journey of bodily formation. In light of this perspective, the importance of gaining experience with a wide range of activities in different activity contexts, in addition to experiencing self-confirming and competent interplay with the surroundings, are highlighted as important meaning-making dimensions in a positive and confirming relationship to movement activities.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare executive functions and working memory among children with high and low levels of physical activity, providing insights into how physical activity influences cognitive development in school-aged children. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 269 children (128 girls) aged 9 to 12 years from regular schools in Tehran. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. Executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), working memory using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition (WISC-V), and physical activity levels using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, with descriptive statistics calculated and independent samples t-tests conducted to compare cognitive functions between high and low physical activity groups. Findings: The results indicated significant differences between the two groups. Children with high levels of physical activity demonstrated better executive functions (M = 53.67, SD = 7.89) compared to those with low levels (M = 56.79, SD = 8.22), with a t-value of -3.12 (p = .002). Similarly, working memory scores were higher for children with high levels of physical activity (M = 110.24, SD = 14.78) than for those with low levels (M = 104.72, SD = 15.61), with a t-value of 3.58 (p = .0004). These findings suggest that physical activity is positively associated with better cognitive functions in children. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that higher levels of physical activity are associated with improved executive functions and working memory in children. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting physical activity in schools and communities to enhance cognitive development. Further research using longitudinal designs and objective measures of physical activity is recommended to explore causal relationships and broader implications.

Stress in medical students is higher than the general population and burnout among those in the healthcare field is becoming a rising concern. Exercise has been shown to decrease anxiety and stress via a role in the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways and could contribute to combating the increase in burnout and stress among medical students. We hypothesized that there would be an inverse correlation between activity level and perceived stress among medical students. Exercise activity of first‐year medical students at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University were monitored using FitBits throughout the course of the academic year and the data were uploaded to Fitabase, a comprehensive data management platform. Data such as heart rate, steps, activity level, calories and distance were collected throughout the year. During baseline and exam weeks, participants filled out a standard psychometric questionnaire to assess perceived stress levels. Students were divided into two groups based off their resting heart rates: high activity (HA) level (resting HR less than and including 60 beats per minute) and low activity (LA) level (resting heart rate greater than 60 beats per minute). Students were also categorized into high, moderate, and low stress groups based off their perceived stress scores. Those in the HA group had lower self‐reported stress scores throughout the entire school year during the week of the exam than those in the LA category (p=.014). There was a significant correlation between steps taken during the block (pre‐exam) and steps taken the week of the exam in each of the system blocks (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the HA groups consistently increased steps taken the week of the exam while the LA group decreased steps taken. Our data also indicated that the HA group performed more “very active” activity per day than the LA group, while “fairly active” and “lightly activity” did not differ between groups. Our results suggest a strong relationship between higher activity levels and a reduced perceived stress levels throughout the first year of medical school.

Aims. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of leisure-time physical activity on undetected prediabetes. Methods. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012 were used in our analyses. Logistic regression was conducted to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prediabetes associated with leisure-time physical activity. Results. A total of 8204 subjects were eligible for our analyses. For all subjects, high level of total leisure-time physical activity (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.94) and low level of vigorous leisure-time physical activity (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.90) were inversely associated with the risk of prediabetes in multivariate-adjusted model. For subjects under 45 years of age, high level of total leisure-time physical activity (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.99) and low (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.83) and high (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.00) level of vigorous leisure-time physical activity were associated with a decreased risk of prediabetes. In the 45 to 65 age group, only high level of total leisure-time physical activity (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.95) had protective effect on prediabetes. Conclusions. Leisure-time physical activity may be associated with a decreased risk of prediabetes.

Calpains are Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine proteases known to be important for the regulation of cell functions and which aberrant activation causes cell death in a number of degenerative disorders. To provide a tool for monitoring the status of calpain activity in vivo under physiological and pathological conditions, we created a mouse model that expresses ubiquitously a fluorescent reporter consisting of eCFP and eYFP separated by a linker cleavable by the ubiquitous calpains. We named this mouse CAFI for calpain activity monitored by FRET imaging. Our validation studies demonstrated that the level of calpain activity correlates with a decrease in FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) between the two fluorescent proteins. Using this model, we observed a small level of activity after denervation and fasting, a high level of activity during muscle regeneration and ischemia, and local activity in damaged myofibers after exercise. Finally, we crossed the CAFI mouse with the alpha-sarcoglycan-deficient model, demonstrating an increase of calpain activity at the steady state. Altogether, our results present evidence that CAFI mice could be a valuable tool in which to follow calpain activity at physiological levels and in disease states.

Background. The study of issues of inclusion of children with disabilities from the perspective of subjectivity is determined by the existing need to ensure the proper level of quality of life and well-being of this category of people. Children with disabilities constitute a large group of the child population that faces social barriers in the process of inclusion in social connections and relationships, which leads to their exclusion from typical childhood practices that ensure positive socialization. In this regard, the lifestyle, conditions of personal development and living during the childhood of a child with a disability are of great importance, largely determining his inclusion in society and the implementation of inclusive practices, which determined the perspective of the presented study. Purpose. To identify the subjective grounds for the inclusion of a disabled child in comparison with normotypical peers. Materials and methods. In 2023, the authors conducted a sociological study to identify the life competencies and nature of social activity of children with disabilities in comparison with their normotypical peers living in the Euro-Arctic region of the Russian Federation (n=584). Questionnaire and semi-structured interview methods were used. Results. The level and quality of social activity of children with disabilities is lower than normative children, which is also confirmed by other studies by modern Russian scientists. The main subjective barriers to the inclusion of an “atypical” child are low social activity, low level of productive activity, lack of communication with peers, lack of independence in decisions and underestimation of one’s abilities. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the presence of subjective factors that can inhibit the inclusion of a child with disabilities in society. The results are of practical importance for parents, teachers, educational institutions, health care and social protection of the population in the development of preventive programs and measures to increase the effectiveness of the inclusion of children with persistent health problems in society.

AB0450 DANISH PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS SELF-REPORT HIGH LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND MOST PATIENTS FULFILL THE WHO RECOMMENDATIONS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Development of intrafusal and extrafusal fibers in the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles in kittens was studied in sections stained by van Gieson or histochemical procedures. Cross‐sectional areas of intrafusal and extrafusal fibers overlapped extensively in the two weeks following birth, with the means for intrafusal fibers in the medial gastrocnemius muscle being larger than those for the extrafusal fibers. A definite increase in extrafusal fiber size was seen at 20 days and in intrafusal fibers at 29 days. In the one mother cat studied, mean areas for soleus and medial gastrocnemius fibers were 12 and 59 times larger than those for a kitten sacrificed the day after birth, while the intrafusal fiber areas were 3.0 and 4.8 times greater. The equatorial region in nuclear bag fibers showed no significant growth in cross‐sectional area, but almost doubled in length. In a newborn kitten, all extrafusal fibers in the soleus and medial gastrocnemius demonstrated a high level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase activity, but with the adenosine triphosphatase reaction, fibers had either low or high activity. After one month, soleus fibers with high adenosine triphosphatase activity were scarce, whereas in the medial gastrocnemius fibers with both low and high levels of activity were present. The intrafusal fibers at birth were already morphologically and histochemically differentiated into nuclear chain and bag fibers, and two varieties of the latter could be recognized in slides treated for adenosine triphosphatase activity.

Objective: To determine the low, moderate, and high-levels of physical activity based on total metabolic equivalent task (MET)- minutes per week of physical activity in relation to gender, accommodation, and academic year of medical school amongst students of a medical college.Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 177 medical undergraduate students, selected through simple random sampling from December 2023 to March 2024. A scoring system was developed according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire scoring system categorizing levels of physical activity as low, moderate, and high based on MET-minutes calculated for walking, moderate, and vigorous activities. To find relation of different levels of physical activity with age, gender, accommodation and education, the chi square test of significance was utilized. The p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Total weekly MET-minutes calculated by combining the MET-minutes of walking, moderate, nd vigorous activities was less than 600 for 55 (31.1%) students categorized as low level of physical activity. Among the students, 77 (43.5%) had a total MET-minutes/week score between 600 and 3000, indicating a moderate level of physical activity. Meanwhile, 45 students (25.4%) had a score exceeding 3000, categorized as a high level of physical activity. Overall, the majority (43.5%) engaged in moderate physical activity in their daily lives, while 25.4% performed high levels of activity, and 31.1% engaged in low levels of physical activity. No significant relation of different levels of physical activity with age, gender accommodation and education were found.Conclusion: Females exhibited lower levels of high-level activity compared to males. Both hostel residents and day scholars showed an improvement in moderate physical activity levels but a decline in vigorous activity levels. The overall high prevalence of physical inactivity especially amongst female residents of hostel or day scholars demands more awareness programs and mandatory extracurricular physical activities. Future research should be focused on determinants of physical inactivity amongst medical students.