КОМПЛЕКСНИЙ НЕКОМЕРЦІЙНИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ТА НЕФІНАНСОВА ЗВІТНІСТЬ В СИСТЕМІ СПРИЯННЯ СТАЛОМУ ПРОСТОРОВОМУ РОЗВИТКУ ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ

PurposeThe paper aims to contribute to the development of a systematic social disclosure rating system for analysing firms' social performance through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports or similar social disclosures. The rating incorporates the comprehensive Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) 2002 reporting framework as the benchmark for measuring firm's social performance.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review in the areas of CSR development, CSR reporting, CSR reporting frameworks, GRI 2002 Guidelines will be utilised in order to create social disclosures rating using GRI 2002 reporting framework.FindingsThe rating accommodates standardized measures of social performance based on the GRI 2002 Guidelines and enables comparison of CSR practices among companies, particularly firms' social accountability to society.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper will fill the lack of standardized content analysis measures of CSR reports, particularly social aspects of CSR. It provides a comprehensive coverage of social indicators, which capture the wide range of issues in social theme of CSR.

<p>永續是當前全球性議題，公司提出企業社會責任(Corporate social responsibility, CSR)報告書，揭露環境、經濟、社會三面向之永續績效及作為。台灣自2014年開始，符合條件的建設公司被規定要編製CSR報告書，但文獻指出，CSR報告書揭露的內容與品質有所不足。 本研究探討CSR報告書中環境面的內容，依全球報告綱領(Global Reporting Initiative, GRI)的要求，分析台灣建設公司的CSR報告書之環境指標的揭露程度、品質原則遵循程度，以及兩者之相關性。選取上市(櫃)營收前六大建設公司為個案研究。研究結果發現，環境指標揭露程度不高且揭露的質、量不一致；品質原則遵循為中等程度，時效性遵循程度最高，可靠性最低；環境指標揭露程度與品質遵循呈現低度正相關。 建設公司可依GRI準則的指標要求項目，發展環境管理方針，輔助提高報告書的揭露深度與品質。另外，運用外部認證的報告書，可提高可靠性、增加公信力，符合金管單位的政策。</p> <p> </p><p>Sustainability is a current global issue. Companies have published CSR (corporate social responsibility) reports to disclose sustainable performances and actions in economic, environmental, and social aspects. In Taiwan, the qualified listed companies including developers have been required to compile CSR reports since 2014. However, literature points out that the disclosure and quality of CSR reports are not adequate. The objective of this research was to examine the environmental contents of CSR reports. Based on the 2016 GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) Standards, this study analyzed the disclosure levels and quality compliance degree of the 30 environmental indicators and the relationship between the two. Six listed developers with the largest revenues were chosen as cases to study. The results show that the disclosure levels of environmental indicators were not high and the disclosure levels and numbers of environmental indicators were not consistent. In the quality principles, timeliness is the most compliant one but reliability is the last. The disclosure levels and quality compliance show a low positive relationship. Based on the requirements of GRI Standards, developers can establish their own environmental management approaches, which can help raise both disclosure levels and quality of the reports. Further, a CSR report with external assurance can strengthen its reliability, increase public trust and meet the government policy.</p> <p> </p>

Sustainability and sustainable development: A review of principles and definitions

World corporations demonstrate good world citizenship responsibilities through their Corporate Social Responsibility Reports (CSRs) also referred to as World Citizenship Reports or Sustainability Reports).Most US S&P 500 corporations complete their annual CSRs.Two common methods of distribution of these CSRs have been through their websites and submission to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI); an independent international organization since 1997).The goal of a corporation's CSRs is to demonstrate how its operations are moving towards balancing environment, economics, and equity (or social justice)-commonly referred to as the 3 Es.CSR submission to GRI is voluntary and there is generally no independent veriication and approval of the submitted CSR.Investors, shareholders, consumers, and government regulatory agencies are interested in the accuracy of corporations' sustainable operations data (energy eficiency, CO 2 emissions, recycling, fair wages, etc.).GRI has concerns about the accuracy of CSR data and is interested in veriied data and reports.The emerging Blockchain technology offers some unique features that can be applied to verify and approve sustainability development methodologies and metrics of a corporation's operations as it relates to the 3 Es.GRI can be one of the partners in the process and thus enhancing the trustworthiness of the reports submitted.This research discusses how Blockchain features, such as, distributed database, members' veriication and approval, security, etc., can enable sustainable development's data veriication and accuracy.This can apply to public, private, and other non-business operations (e.g., non-proits).This research also discusses Blockchain technology applicability to supply chain operations (Business-to-Business), thus enabling sustainability effectiveness among businesses.There will be pros and cons during implementation of any new technology.This paper discusses some of these and projects what the future might look like using this technology for sustainability.Key areas of current implementations are also analyzed.

The Global Sustainable Development Goals, announced by the UN General Assembly in 2015, today serve as a guideline for developing the national economy of Ukraine and its food system. The unprecedented challenges of the new millennium – the pandemic and the military aggression of the Russian Federation – distanced Ukraine from their implementation. In this regard, the article aims to reveal the prerequisites for the development of the food system and identify today's challenges to determine the most effective and efficient directions for solving problems and means of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The research uses the following methods: systemic generalization – to systematize the risks and challenges of the food system in the context of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; method of comparisons and dynamic method – to assess the state of production and consumption; regression equations – to determine the forecast indicators of individual indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals and possible changes in food consumption volumes in the future. The content of the concept of sustainability and sustainable development of the food system was defined. Prerequisites for the sustainable development of the food system were identified, particularly Ukraine's leadership in food exports, the existing potential of land, and the growth of food production and consumption. The work assessed food production indices during periods of crisis, such as during a pandemic and martial law. A functional diagram of the food system's prerequisites and challenges for sustainable development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals has been developed. An analysis of the dynamics of individual SDG indicators and trends in their development was carried out. Indicators of sufficiency of consumption of basic food products by recommended consumption standards are analyzed. The results of the study show that despite the unprecedented challenges, the food system of Ukraine is gradually adapting to modern conditions, restoring the economy and strengthening food security in the regions of Ukraine; humanitarian, economic, and economic ties are being established.

Throughout the current years, non-financial reporting has undergone rapid development, manifesting both in international frameworks by non-governmental organizations and via national or regional (European) standards. However, internationallystandardised reporting standards play a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of international capital markets and satisfying users’ needs for data comparability. This article aims to examine the theoretical foundations and principles underlying the implementation of non-financial reporting standards in the EU and at the international level. The study explores the nuances of incorporating sustainable development components into non-financial reporting standards.The significance of materiality is defined for prioritizing information from the financial aspect and ESG concerns. It has been contemplated that the scope of reporting encompasses activities, products, services, and risks extending beyond a company, encouraging the consideration of value creation chains. Emphasis is placed on the potential to present non-financial information at various levels of consolidation, aiming for relevance and compatibility. Types of information subject to disclosure are disclosed.Crucial principles of sustainable reporting are highlighted, considering a focus on essential information and stakeholder orientation. Global policy priorities are noted to expect business contributions towards achieving sustainable development goals and corporate social responsibility. Standards and frameworks are shown to be pivotal in presenting non-financial information related to sustainable development, facilitating its digitization. It has been accentuated that the assessment of materiality defines the content of non-financial reports, yet challenges arise due to the absence of recommendations and stakeholder perspectives. Sustainability information should encompass the company’s value creation chain with guidance for priorities and impact assessment to enhance the effectiveness of actions and reporting. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis and synthesis, theoretical-applied analysis of sources, inductive-deductive approach, generalization and abstraction, ascent from the abstract to the concrete. The contribution of business to the global policy of sustainable development and the role of corporate social responsibility are also considered. It is substantiated that the assessment of materiality determines the content of non-financial reports, but challenges arise due to the lack of recommendations and taking into account the perspective of interested parties. The current research stimulates further scientific developments in the field of NFZ.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting has become an indispensable mechanism for organizations to communicate their sustainability initiatives. However, the growing volume and complexity of these reports necessitates the integration of Natural Language Processing (NLP)-driven text mining techniques to enhance transparency, comparability, and strategic decision-making. This study employs NLP and text mining methodologies to systematically analyze CSR reports with emphasis on environmental sustainability from major public listed companies in Taiwan. Utilizing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study classifies sustainability-related topics, extracts key Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)-aligned terms, and evaluates the textual similarities between CSR reports and SDG targets. Five SDGs encompassing 39 specific targets form the analytical framework, and 225 feature words are identified through text mining. The findings indicate that (1) automated CSR topic classification in Chinese is viable, though expert validation remains crucial for linguistic accuracy and semantic integrity; (2) SDG feature word distribution follows the Pareto Principle, with 10% of words contributing to 50.4%, and 28.4% accounting for 80% of total TF-IDF weights; (3) CSR reporting varies by industry, with financial holdings emphasizing sustainable management, energy supply, and water efficiency, while the electronics sector prioritizes waste reduction, recycling, and product lifecycle management; (4) PCA-based classification effectively aligns CSR reports with SDG targets, with textual similarity analysis proving more accurate than principal component scores. From a strategic business perspective, these findings offer critical insights for corporate leaders seeking to refine their sustainability strategies. NLP-based CSR analysis enables companies to benchmark their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance against industry peers, identify sustainability gaps, and align corporate strategies with evolving regulatory landscapes and stakeholder expectations. Financial institutions can leverage these insights to develop sustainable finance mechanisms, while manufacturers can enhance circular economy practices by optimizing resource efficiency and waste management. Moreover, policymakers and investors can utilize NLP-driven text mining techniques to assess corporate sustainability efforts more systematically, ensuring greater accountability and fostering data-driven decision-making in ESG governance.

Corporate social reporting has become a major focus for businesses in recent years, with governments introducing regulations to promote sustainable development. This study looks at Asian nations, including both developed and developing nations, to compare their social reporting disclosure policies. To identify future research possibilities and topics, it is necessary to have a thorough awareness of previous research in a certain subject. The current paper examines the numerous studies conducted over the last decade on corporate social reporting efforts, adaptation and implementation in corporations, as well as their societal importance. To reach the goal of this work, a wide range of research publications have been evaluated and thoroughly analysed at both the national and international levels. Articles were gathered from various journals, magazines, newspapers, and websites. The study aims to understand the increasing importance of sustainable practices among business communities and the need for responsible corporations to contribute to societal growth. In order to achieve sustainable development, the study focuses on the idea of sustainability reporting, which comprises measuring, reporting, and being accountable to internal and external stakeholders for organizational performance. This study also emphasizes how crucial social reporting is to managing change in the direction of a sustainable global economy that balances environmental preservation, social fairness, and long-term profitability. This study also highlights the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework, which ensures that businesses can flourish using their resources while making a positive impact on environmental preservation and community development.

Purpose - Achieving sustainable development has always been the most important issue for enterprises. Owing to global warming and environmental deterioration, environmental management is increasingly becoming a major concern for enterprises and the external world, especially stakeholder behavior. This study explores whether enterprise environmental management can contribute to its sustainable development, and how stakeholder behaviors can influence this relationship.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - This study uses a fixed effects regression model to empirically test the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2020, and investigates the impact of corporate environmental behavior (i.e. green innovation and environmental certification) on the sustainable development of enterprises. It also explores the moderating role of government support and analyst attention in the impact of environmental management on corporate sustainability.
 Findings - The research results showed that enterprise environmental management, namely, green innovation and environmental protection certification, can promote sustainable development capabilities. Simultaneously, government support and proper attention from analysts can have a positive moderating effect on green environmental management and improve sustainable development.
 Research Implications - This study enriches relevant theories on enterprise environmental management and sustainable development, proposes the importance of government support and external institutional supervision, and provides a reference for sustainably developing enterprises from the perspective of stakeholder behaviors.

There is a synergistic potential between heritage and tourism which can offer a type of special interest tourism. However, despite the potential, it also brings out conflicts that result in negative socio-cultural impacts. Therefore, sustainability issues should be considered in developing heritage tourism. There are three dimensions incorporate in Sustainable Development, which are environment, economic, and social. As sustainable tourism was derived from sustainable development, thus the three dimensions of sustainable development are also applied in sustainable tourism development, especially in sustainable heritage tourism. Generally, the relationships between the three aspects of sustainable development are assumed to be compatible and mutually supportive. However, among the three dimensions of sustainable development, social sustainability is the least developed and often is proposed in relation to ecological or economic sustainability. There have been efforts to address and incorporate the social dimension of sustainability into standard setters, planners, and practitioners in many diverse areas such as forest certification, organic agriculture, conventional agriculture, urban and regional planning, corporate social and environmental management, reporting, and responsibility and fair-trade certification. However, there are still few studies of the social dimension in tourism development. To achieve sustainable tourism development, we cannot neglect the social dimension and only focuses on the economic and environmental dimensions. Social sustainability is not absolute or constant which has to be considered as a dynamic concept, which will change over time in a place. The purpose of this study exploring the key aspects of sustainable tourism development social dimension which is linked to theoretical and on how we should define and understand the fluid concept of the social dimension in tourism sustainability that can also be applied in heritage tourism. This research is using a systematic literature review to identify social dimension aspects or themes of sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, and sustainable heritage tourism. The preliminary findings show that there are few studies of the social dimension of sustainable tourism development. Therefore, it is rather difficult to obtain related articles of the social dimension, especially in the tourism subject fields. To this point, 160 works of literature were obtained and after screening, assessing, and selecting against the criteria for eligibility, there were 19 pieces of literature selected. Selected literature was reviewed to explore how the social dimension aspect in sustainable development debates is variously understood and how it constructs a social pillar. This research compiles a cross-disciplinary major theoretical concept from sustainable development, sustainable tourism development, heritage tourism, political sociology, economic theory, social theory, governance, and urban development to build a new multi-dimensional inquiry into the subject of social sustainability. Thus, this research gives a comprehension of the aspects of social sustainability which contributes to the improvement of the fluid concept of social tourism sustainability, especially in heritage tourism.

It traces the development of the latest trends for the Study of the development of sustainable tourism inUkraine, as well as the conditions and means of effective inclusion ofUkrainein the international tourism market on the basis of the concept of sustainable tourism. Analysis of research areas and approaches to the study of sustainable tourism development inUkraine. The basic perspective of Ukrainian scientific community for the development and importance of tourism inUkraine. InUkraine, the issue of sustainable development is discussed since1992. Asignificant scientific achievements that laid the basis for the new benchmark of the country on the basis of a post-industrial economy. The issue of the nature and principles of the main factors of melting of the tourism industry dedicated to the research of V. G Gerasimenko, O. Dobrovolsky, G. A Zayachkovskoyi, G. V. Kazachkovska, A. Litvinova, N. D. Sviridova, D. I. Ostap'yuk, T. I. Tkachenko et al. Scientific basis of the national strategy forUkraine's transition to sustainable development principles are based on the peculiar state of geopolitical, geographical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental features. For the development of tourism industry ofUkraineon the basis of sustainable tourism as there is a need to develop new and innovative approaches.One of the main research areas among Ukrainian scientists was to develop the concept of sustainable tourism development. Under the concept of sustainable tourism development means a system of ideas that defines a common plan of development policy area. A. V. Litvinova main elements of the concept of sustainable tourism development in Ukraine considers the methods and tools of government regulation that need to be harmonized with indicators of sustainable tourism. Platform for developing a sustainable production is a tourism product , sustainable lifestyle of local communities and sustainable consumption. And according N. D. Sviridova , this concept must take into account all the strategic priorities and objectives of tourism development are important areas and facilities set goals. The concept should be fully reflective of the position of the region on the strategy of tourism development in the long term and include specific measures for its implementation. GV Kazachkovska in turn believes that the sustainable development of tourism and resort areas is possible when there is a balance between the preservation of natural, historical and cultural resources, economic interests, social needs and development of tourism, and provided favorable conditions for the formation of high-quality national tourist product. Among the fundamental work on the development of sustainable tourism inUkraineshould provide monograph T.I. Tkachenko. The book on a wide source base covers theoretical, methodological and applied problems of tourism development on the basis of dialectical, system and functional approaches. The necessity of consideration of tourism as a complex system in the unity of the social, economic and environmental components, the genesis of which is further based on the concept of sustainability. Committed to sustainable development of the country and its regions imposes a set of requirements to the existing quality of the environment and address the problem of interaction between nature and society. The concept of sustainable development, including the region determines the relevance of such a system that would ensure a balanced model of relations between environment, different types of economic activities and socio- economic interests of different groups. Therefore, a number of studies approaches to strategy development recreational region considering the environmental component . This study G.M. Aleinikova, N .M. Wetrovoj, O. Hulych et al. Of great importance for the development of sustainable tourism has an active policy. This includes support and development of tourism industry, the development of tourism infrastructure , creating conditions for increasing the attractiveness of regions for foreign and domestic tourists , improving the quality of tourism services , ensuring their complexity. Investigation of the role of government in regulating the tourism industry is the subject of research by many local scientists. Key aspects of the formation and functioning of state regulation of the tourism industry, the development and improvement of its study areas reflected in the scientific works of local scientists such as A. V. Vinogradov, L. Donchenko, K.V. Zhadko, S. G. Zakharov, A. H. Ilyashenko, Y. Kozlovsky, O. Melnichenko, N. I. Ostap'yuk and others. Thus we can note that recently in Ukrainian society considered all possible implementation strategies for sustainable tourism development. In particular, reveals strategic goals of sustainable development businesses in the tourism sector. The economic and social feasibility of ecotourism technologies for sustainable development of the tourism industry, geographic grounded approach to recreation and tourism of nature, the conceptual foundations of a market mechanism for managing recreational potential. Almost all scientists agree that the sustainable development of tourism inUkrainemust improve the use of resources, training of personnel in the tourism industry, transport infrastructure, reduce seasonality and spatial disparity in the distribution of tourists increase the financial performance of the tourism industry, to give a significant attention to the relationship between environmental management and sustainable tourism, etc.

Nowadays, many companies have adopted non-financial reporting in addition to financial reporting, presenting sustainable development practices. They have prepared and published sustainability reports or non-financial statements to highlight their commitment to sustainability. ESRS - the European Sustainability Reporting Standards, and GRI - the Global Reporting Initiative emphasize social, environmental, or governance impacts. The objective of the research is to present the particularities and requirements regarding the evolution of sustainability reporting of companies in the Romanian pharmaceutical sector. The gaps in non-financial reporting regarding the Comply or Explain Statement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDG) were also presented. The current research addresses these aspects from an empirical perspective based on the analysis of the reports of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The exploratory analysis is carried out for the period 2011- 2023. The information was taken from the financial and non-financial reports, available on the official websites of the companies analyzed. The results of the research, although limited to one sector of activity and only to companies listed in the Premium category, on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, these being considered a reporting model for other unlisted companies, demonstrate that in Romania companies do not offer a specific structure of non-financial reporting, the implementation of these reports being still in its early stages. Future research directions may consider a larger sample of companies, both listed and unlisted, from various sectors of activity, in order to be able to perform a comparative analysis by activity areas and to have an exhaustive picture of sustainability practices and existing challenges at the national level.

Aim/purpose – This article aims to conduct a preliminary assessment of the quality of non-financial reports of banks considering their membership in the WIG-ESG index on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE). The research problem addresses whether the quality of reports from WIG-ESG banks is higher than that of those outside the index. Design/methodology/approach – The study covered annual non-financial reports of banks operating in Poland as joint-stock companies. The research considered the inclu- sion in the WIG-ESG index as an essential factor in evaluating the quality of non- -financial reporting. The non-financial reports of 16 banks for 2022 were analyzed (eight banks included in the WIG-ESG and eight banks outside the index). A literature review on the quality of non-financial reporting was conducted, followed by manual content analysis of non-financial reports, automated content analysis using the Escáner2030 tool, and comparative analysis of the reports. Quality was measured through external manifes- tations of reporting. Findings – WIG-ESG banks use GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) standards more fre- quently, publish more comprehensive reports, and commission external verification. Their reports are also richer regarding Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings suggest that WIG-ESG banks’ reports are of higher quality, though this may not be directly attributable to index membership. Research implications/limitations – The study is limited by the methodology of the WIG-ESG index, which includes the largest companies from the WIG-20 and mWIG-40. This means the analyzed banks might already be leaders in non-financial reporting, in- fluencing the results. Additionally, the focus on external reporting aspects limits the ability to assess report substance fully. Originality/value/contribution – The article offers new insights into the impact of WIG-ESG membership on non-financial reporting quality in banks, laying the ground- work for future research on sustainable reporting. This study lays the groundwork for future work that may determine whether inclusion in the index truly improves report quality and whether the existence of the WIG-ESG index is justified. Keywords: non-financial reporting, quality, banks, WIG-ESG. JEL Classification: M14, M41, M48.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) provides the contribution of business to the implementation of sustainable development enabling to achieve a balance between business effectiveness, as well as the social interests and environmental protection. The CSR report presents the results of economic and social activities of enterprise. The CSR report creates the possibility of evaluation of the enterprise achievements in the context of financial and non-financial expectations of stakeholders different from financial capital providers. The aim of the paper is to present the role and importance of CSR reporting based on international standards and guidelines as well as to identify the main evaluation criteria. The analysis of the contents of the CSR reports submitted to the Competition CSR Report in the years of 2011–2016 shows what tools and key performance indicators are used. On the basis of the research results, the method of assessment of the CSR activities were proposed.

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from November 1, 2019, to February 1, 2020. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Daniel Badulescu, University of Oradea, RomaniaDavid Layfield, University of Maryland University College Asia., JapanGandhi Escajadillo Toledo, IVUDS, PeruGiacomo Chiesa, Politecnico di Torino, ItalyHebin Lin, International Environmental Management Services Ltd (IEMS), USAImen Hassen, University of Tunis El Manar, TunisiaKhan R. Rahaman, Khulna University, BangladeshMohammad Aghababaei, Washington State University, USANaeema Mohamed Alhosani, Assistant Dean for Student Affairs, United Arab EmiratesPankaj Maheshwari, University of Nevada, USASadegh Poozesh, University of Kentucky, USA