ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ИНТЕРФЕЙСА «МОЗГ-КОМПЬЮТЕР» В РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МОТОРНЫМИ НАРУШЕНИЯМИ ПОСЛЕ ПЕРЕНЕСЕННОГО ИНСУЛЬТА

Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and spinal cord injury can pose significant threats to human mortality, morbidity, and functional independence. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology, which facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices, emerges as an innovative key to unlocking neurological conditions, demonstrating significant promise in this context. This comprehensive review uniquely synthesizes the latest advancements in BCI research across multiple neurological disorders, offering an interdisciplinary perspective on both clinical applications and emerging technologies. We explore the progress in BCI research and its applications in addressing various neurological conditions, with a particular focus on recent clinical studies and prospective developments. Initially, the review provides an up-to-date overview of BCI technology, encompassing its classification, operational principles, and prevalent paradigms. It then critically examines specific BCI applications in movement disorders, disorders of consciousness, cognitive and mental disorders, as well as sensory disorders, highlighting novel approaches and their potential impact on patient care. This review reveals emerging trends in BCI applications, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and the development of closed-loop systems, which represent significant advancements over previous technologies. The review concludes by discussing the prospects and directions of BCI technology, underscoring the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and ethical considerations. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing bidirectional and high-performance BCIs, areas that have been underexplored in previous reviews. Additionally, we identify crucial gaps in current research, particularly in long-term clinical efficacy and the need for standardized protocols. The role of neurosurgery in spearheading the clinical translation of BCI research is highlighted. Our comprehensive analysis presents BCI technology as an innovative key to unlocking neurological disorders, offering a transformative approach to diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating neurological conditions, with substantial potential to enhance patients' quality of life and advance the field of neurotechnology.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and functional disability in Brazil, significantly impacting survivors' quality of life. The Neurobypass 1.0 project proposes an innovative approach to post-stroke motor rehabilitation through a neuro-controlled hand and wrist orthosis. Developed by SENAI CIMATEC in partnership with CEPRED, the device uses brain-computer interface (BCI), virtual reality (VR), and additive manufacturing (3D printing) to promote engagement, customization, and neuroplasticity stimulation. A systematic review identified evidence for the efficacy of BCI and AR orthoses in enhancing function and motivation in patients with hemiparesis. A randomized clinical trial protocol was designed to assess motor, emotional, and motivational outcomes of the intervention. Expected results include functional hand recovery, reduced depressive symptoms, and greater independence. The initiative highlights Brazil's potential as a reference in accessible assistive technologies.

Motor disorder refers to neuropsychiatric disorders such as abnormal movements, meaningless repetitive movements, and impairment in acquisition and performance of motor skills. Motor disorder was included as a sub-category of neurodevelopmental disorder chapter in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) [1]. DSM-5’s motor disorders include tic disorders (Tourette’s disorder, persistent motor or vocal tic disorder, provisional tic disorder, other specified tic disorder, and unspecified tic disorder), developmental coordination disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder. This review overviews and summarizes current knowledge on the motor disorder’s cause, diagnosis, and treatment. TIC DISORDERS

Paired associative stimulation (PAS) is an intervention that modulates cortical plasticity. Motor imagery (MI) is used in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. We aimed to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of associating both interventions for potentiating motor recovery poststroke. MIPAS is a single-center, randomized controlled trial that enrolled 24 hemiparetic poststroke participants. Three single-session interventions were tested in a crossover design: PAS/MI, PAS, and ShamPAS/MI during which the affected Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR) muscle was targeted. During MI, the participants were instructed to imagine extending their paretic wrist. We used Sham, subthreshold stimulation during ShamPAS. Changes in ECR Motor-Evoked Potential (MEP) areas and paretic wrist Range of Motion (aROM) during active extension were compared between the interventions. We observed no significant superior effect of any intervention, neither on MEP nor on wrist aROM. A time of assessment effect was highlighted for both outcome measures, with MEP- and aROM-measured post-interventions significantly higher than those measured pre-intervention. Despite the beneficial effect of each intervention on participant paretic wrist motor function, not always associated with MEP change, our results do not highlight a specific advantage in combining PAS and MI interventions in post-stroke motor rehabilitation.

Stroke has been identified as a major public health concern and one of the leading causes contributing to long-term neurological disability. People suffering from stroke often present with upper limb paralysis impacting their quality of life and ability to work. Motor impairments in the upper limb represent the most prevalent symptoms in stroke sufferers. There is a need to develop novel intervention strategies that can be used as stand-alone techniques or combined with current gold standard post-stroke rehabilitation procedures. There was reported evidence about the utility of rehabilitation protocols with motor imagery (MI) used either alone or in combination with physical therapy resulting in enhancement of post-stroke functional recovery of paralyzed limbs. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and EEG neurofeedback (NFB) training can be considered as novel technologies to be used in conjunction with MI and motor attempt (MA) to enable direct translation of EEG induced by imagery or attempted movement to arrange training that has potential to enhance functional motor recovery of upper limbs after stroke. There are reported several controlled trials and multiple cases series that have shown that stroke patients are able to learn modulation of their EEG sensorimotor rhythm in BCI mode to control external devices, including exoskeletons, prosthetics, and such interventions were shown promise in facilitation of recovery in stroke sufferers. A review of the literature suggests there has been significant progress in the development of new methods for post-stroke rehabilitation procedures. There are reviewed findings supportive of NFB and BCI methods as evidence-based treatment for post-stroke motor function recovery.

Humans interact with computers through various devices. Such interactions may not require any physical movement, thus aiding people with severe motor disabilities in communicating with external devices. The brain–computer interface (BCI) has turned into a field involving new elements for assistive and rehabilitative technologies. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to help BCI investigator and investors to decide which devices to select or which studies to support based on the current market examination. This examination of noninvasive EEG devices is based on published BCI studies in different research areas. In this SLR, the research area of noninvasive BCIs using electroencephalography (EEG) was analyzed by examining the types of equipment used for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative BCIs. For this SLR, candidate studies were selected from the IEEE digital library, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria (IC) were limited to studies focusing on applications and devices of the BCI technology. The data used herein were selected using IC and exclusion criteria to ensure quality assessment. The selected articles were divided into four main research areas: education, engineering, entertainment, and medicine. Overall, 238 papers were selected based on IC. Moreover, 28 companies were identified that developed wired and wireless equipment as means of BCI assistive technology. The findings of this review indicate that the implications of using BCIs for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative technologies are encouraging for people with severe motor disabilities and healthy people. With an increasing number of healthy people using BCIs, other research areas, such as the motivation of players when participating in games or the security of soldiers when observing certain areas, can be studied and collaborated using the BCI technology. However, such BCI systems must be simple (wearable), convenient (sensor fabrics and self-adjusting abilities), and inexpensive.

Why we should systematically assess, control and report somatosensory impairments in BCI-based motor rehabilitation after stroke studies

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of visual P300 brain-computer interface use to support rehabilitation of chronic language production deficits commonly experienced by individuals with a left-sided stroke resulting in post-stroke aphasia. The study involved twelve participants, but five dropped out. Additionally, data points were missing for three participants in the remaining sample of seven participants. The participants underwent four assessments-a baseline, pre-assessment, post-assessment, and follow-up assessment. Between the pre-and post-assessment, the participants underwent at least 14 sessions of visual spelling using a brain-computer interface. The study aimed to investigate the impact of this intervention on attention, language production, and language comprehension and to determine whether there were any potential effects on quality of life and well-being. None of the participants showed a consistent improvement in attention. All participants showed an improvement in spontaneous speech production, and three participants experienced a reduction in aphasia severity. We found an improvement in subjective quality of life and daily functioning. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of unspecific effects causing or at least contributing to these results. Due to challenges in assessing the patient population, resulting in a small sample size and missing data points, the results of using visual P300 brain-computer interfaces for chronic post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation are preliminary. Thus, we cannot decisively judge the potential of this approach.

Background:Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are chronic disorders considered an emerging public health problem. This condition can markedly impair the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL). This study aimed to examine the HRQoL among children with NDDs.Design and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 73 parents/caregivers of children with NDDs aged 2–12 years. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scale was used to assess the HRQoL. A multiple linear regression model was performed to assess the association.Results:Among the 73 parents/caregivers, majority of their children fell into 2–4 year age group, with 70% being male. In contrast to other NDDs, this study highlights that the mean HRQoL scores for Cerebral palsy (CP), Down syndrome, Intellectual disability (ID), Motor disorders, and Neurogenetic disorders were below 50 on the 0–100 scale. The analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of NDD categories on the physical domain of QoL. Findings from regression analysis highlight that the physical functioning domain of QoL was significantly influenced by factors including age [ß: 2.44; 95%CI: (0.07, 4.81)], various NDDs, such as Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ß: −25.54, 95%CI: (−43.12, −7.96)], Autism [ß: −25.44, 95%CI: (−41.51, −9.37)], CP [ß: −46.52, 95%CI: (−65.41, −17.62)], Down syndrome [ß: −42.33, 95%CI: (−63.28, −21.37)], ID [ß: −46.14, 95%CI: (−82.61, −9.67)] and motor disorder [ß: −77.07, 95%CI: (−103.32, −50.82)] and stable family income [ß: 16.37; 95%CI: (3.44, 29.29)]. This study also underscores that emotional functioning was significantly influenced by sex [ß: 18.27; 95%CI: (4.57, 31.97)], motor disorders [ß: −36.15, 95%CI: (−67.14, −5.16)], and social functioning was influenced by birth order 3rd/more [ß: 32.24;95%CI: (7.43, 57.04)].Conclusions:This exploratory study highlights that multiple factors may influence various domains of HRQoL, including physical, emotional, social, and school functioning in children, providing a foundation for future studies.

This study was designed to compare quality of life (QoL) among patients who underwent open versus laparoscopic pancreatic resection, including distal pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy, and to identify clinical characteristics that are associated with changes in QoL. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed in patients undergoing pancreatic resection with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary questionnaire preoperatively and 2weeks, 1, 3, and 6months postoperatively. Multilevel regression modeling was used to determine the variability in each QoL domain within the first 2weeks (postoperative period) and thereafter (recovery period). Among 159 patients, 60.4% underwent open and 39.6% underwent laparoscopic surgery. Physical, functional, hepatobiliary, and total QoL scores decreased in the postoperative period but returned to baseline levels by 6months postoperatively. Emotional QoL improved from baseline by 2weeks after surgery (p < 0.001) and social QoL improved from baseline by 3months after surgery (p < 0.001). Emotional QoL was the only domain where significant differences were observed in QoL in the postoperative and recovery periods between patients who underwent open and laparoscopic pancreatic resection. Controlling for surgical approach, patients who experienced a grade III or IV complication experienced greater declines in physical, functional, hepatobiliary, and total QoL in the postoperative period. The negative impact of complications on QoL resolved by 6months postoperatively. The impact of pancreatic resection on QoL was comparable between patients who underwent laparoscopic versus open pancreatic resection. Complications were strongly associated with changes in postoperative QoL, suggesting that performing a safe operation is the best approach for optimizing patient reported QoL.

Введение. Альфа-маннозидоз – редкое аутосомно-рецессивное заболевание, вызванное мутациями в гене MAN2B1. Согласно международным исследованиям, к основным проявлениям альфа-маннозидоза относят патологию лор-органов (связанную с дисморфическими особенностями), нарушение слуха различной формы и степени выраженности, а также умственную отсталость, моторные нарушения, которые в совокупности в значительной степени изменяют качество жизни пациента и его законных представителей. Цель. Оценить качество жизни пациентов детского возраста с альфа-маннозидозом, проживающих на территории Российской Федерации, на различных сроках наблюдения. Материалы и методы. В настоящем исследовании проведена оценка качества жизни 16 пациентов в возрасте до 18 лет с диагнозом «альфа-маннозидоз» на основе комплексной слухоречевой реабилитации. Оценка результатов проводилась у пациентов, прошедших курс комплексной реабилитации в течение 6 месяцев. Результаты. Получены данные о комплексной оценке состояния лор-органов пациентов с альфа-маннозидозом. При анализе результатов исследования отмечено статистически значимое улучшение слухоречевых, моторных навыков, улучшение качества жизни детей с альфа-маннозидозом. Заключение. Альфа-маннозидоз значительно ограничивает обучение, развитие и жизнедеятельность пациентов и оказывает отрицательное влияние на все сферы жизни. Разработка индивидуального подхода к каждому пациенту является ключевым компонентом реабилитации детей с альфа-маннозидозом и позволяет улучшить качество их жизни. Introduction. Alpha-mannosidosis is a rare, autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the MAN2B1 gene. According to international studies, the main manifestations of alpha-mannosidosis include ENT pathology (associated with dysmorphic features), hearing impairment of varying forms and severity, as well as mental retardation, motor disorders, which together significantly change the quality of life of the patient and his legal representatives. Purpose. To assess the quality of life of pediatric patients with alpha-mannosidosis living in the Russian Federation at various observation periods. Materials and methods. The present study evaluated the quality of life of 16 patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with alpha-mannosidosis on the basis of comprehensive auditory-verbal rehabilitation. The results were evaluated in patients who underwent a course of comprehensive rehabilitation for 6 months. Results. The data on the comprehensive assessment of the ENT organs of patients with alpha-mannosidosis were obtained. When analyzing the results of the study, statistically significant improvement in auditory and speech, motor skills, and an improvement in the quality of life of children with alpha-mannosidosis were noted. Conclusion. Alpha-mannosidosis significantly limits the education, development, and life of patients and has a negative impact on all areas of life. The development of an individual approach to each patient is a key component of the rehabilitation of children with alpha-mannosidosis and can improve their quality of life.

Background:Rheumatic disease and musculoskeletal disorders are a major challenge for public health and a significant burden on the individual. With well over a million in this group, the Norwegian Rheumatism...

The upper limb dysfunction resulted from stroke has a high incidence and is hard to recover, seriously affecting the daily life and life quality of patients. The nerve tissue damage caused by stroke usually leads to the injuries of movement, sensory, cognitive and etc. The effective rehabilitation therapy can promote the rebuilding of the surviving cranial nerves to enhance the function and ability. As a modern intelligent nerve rehabilitation technology, brain-machine interface (BCI) directly builds the exchange channel between the brain and the surrounding environment. BCI extracts the brain's neural activity information, and transfers into the command to drive external equipment. BCI does not rely on the peripheral nerve system and muscle tissue. BCI technology is well suited for neurological rehabilitation training, because the repeated training associated with external equipments and BCI feedback can induce a normal exercise mode, indirectly induced the generation of normal brain signal, and promote brain remodeling, so that improve the patient's athletic ability and exercise control level. In this paper, the research progress of BCI technology for the rehabilitation of the upper limb motor function after stroke was reviewed, including the application, the efficacy and the existing limitations. Key words: Stroke; Rehabilitation of the upper limb motor function; Brain-computer interface

ABSTRACT&#13;\n&#13;\nPutri, Anita Kurnia. 2020. “Analisis Kontrastif Adverbia Tinkatan Penanda Negasi dalam Bahasa Jepang dan Bahasa Jepang”. Thesis, department of Japanese Language and Culture, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University. The Advisor: Lina Rosliana, S.S., M.Hum.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe problems that will be discussed in this thesis include: 1. What is the structure and meaning of the adverb in the level of negation markers in Japanese sentences? 2. What is the structure and meaning of the adverb at the level of the negation marker in Indonesian sentences? 3. How are the adverbs of the level of negation markers similar and different in Japanese and Indonesian sentences?&#13;\n&#13;\nMeanwhile, the purpose of this study is to describe the structure and meaning of adverbs in Japanese and Indonesian sentences. After knowing the structure and meaning, we will examine the similarities and differences in the structure and meaning of the adverbial levels of the negation markers of the two languages.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn analyzing the data, this study used the agih method followed by contrastive techniques. The data were obtained from the Japanese language website and news articles in Indonesian. Then the data is presented in words or descriptive.&#13;\n&#13;\nBased on the research, the structural similarities are both followed by verbs, adjectives. While the difference, adverbs in Japanese can be followed by phrases or clauses and negative forms, Indonesian adverbial followed by nouns. In meaning, the adverbs of the level of negation markers in Japanese and Indonesian indicates the meaning of the situation, the action is under adequate. And in terms of meaning it has 7 differences.&#13;\n&#13;\nKeywords : contrastive, adverbs, teido no fukushi&#13;\n

BackgroundTo determine the feasibility and effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in individuals with Parkinson’s and their effect on symptom modification and progression.MethodsWe conducted this systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). All studies were searched in seven databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCOPUS in September 2020 and updated in June 2023. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and random effects models, as well as the non-parametric Cochran’s Q test and I2 inconsistency test to assess heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 15 randomized clinical trials with 654 participants (mean age, 65.4 years). The majority of studies included high intensity training interventions versus moderate intensity, usual care, or control group. The meta-analysis comparing high-intensity exercise versus control group showed an improvement in the disease severity (MD = -4.80 [95%CI, -6.38; -3.21 high evidence certainty); maximum oxygen consumption (MD = 1.81 [95%CI, 0.36; 3.27] very low evidence certainty) and quality of life (MD = -0.54 [95%CI, -0.94; -0.13] moderate evidence certainty). The results showed that high-intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity exercise group showed a improve motor function and functional mobility measured by the TUG test (MD = -0.38 [95%CI, -0.91; 0.16] moderate evidence certainty) with moderate heterogeneity between studies.ConclusionHigh-intensity exercise performed in both continuous and interval modes when compared with control groups may provide motor function benefits for individuals with Parkinson’s disease. HIIT may be feasible, but the intensity of the exercise may influence individuals with Parkinson’s disease. However, there was a lack of evidence comparing high intensity and moderate intensity for this population, as the results showed heterogeneity.