중국 장쑤성 미술전공 대학생의 정서지능과 창의적 행동 간의 내적 동기·외적 동기의 매개효과

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the structural relationships between exercise motivation (internal and external), self-efficacy, and exercise adherence intention among fitness center users. Grounded in social cognitive theory, this study specifically examined whether self-efficacy mediates the effects of internal and external motivation on exercise adherence intention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 298 fitness center participants using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire measured internal and external motivation, self-efficacy, and intention to adhere to exercise using validated scales on a 5-point Likert scale. Reliability and validity were tested using Cronbach’s α, factor analysis, and correlation analysis. Hypotheses were verified using multiple regression and mediation analysis to evaluate both direct and indirect effects.RESULTS External motivation initially had a significant direct effect on exercise adherence intention in the initial model (<i>β</i> = 0.129, <i>p</i> < 0.05), which became insignificant after including self-efficacy, indicating a full mediation effect. In contrast, internal motivation maintained a strong direct effect (<i>β</i> = 0.338, <i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as an indirect effect through self-efficacy. Self-efficacy significantly mediated both the external and internal motivation pathways, serving as a critical psychological variable in sustaining exercise behavior.CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the stronger influence of internal motivation over external motivation in promoting sustained exercise behavior. Self-efficacy serves as a pivotal mediator, particularly in transforming externally driven motives into sustained exercise adherence. Practitioners should focus on designing exercise programs that enhance self-efficacy and strengthen internal motivational drivers to promote continued participation. This study provides theoretical and practical implications for fitness center programming and individualized motivation-based interventions.

Introduction. A significant number of migrant children in Russian schools from cities and rural settlements of Central Asian countries makes it relevant to study the possibilities of supporting their academic motivation, taking into account national and cultural characteristics. The aim of the study is to identify the features of academic motivation of adolescent students in rural and urban schools of the Fergana region. Materials and methods. The study involved 576 teenagers from urban and rural schools of the Fergana region. Methods: "Questionnaire of academic self-regulation of primary and middle school students SRQ-A", "Children's questionnaire of the optimistic style of explaining successes and failures", "Multidimensional scale of satisfaction with life of schoolchildren", "Scale of depression, anxiety and stress". Mathematical and statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Kolmagorov-Smirnov K-S criterion, cluster analysis of the k-means method, the Kruskal-Wallis H-criterion and the Mann-Whitney U-criterion. Results of the study. Students of urban schools have higher rates on the scales of "cognitive motivation", "motivation for self-development", "identified motivation" and "introjected motivation". Using cluster analysis, motivational profiles of students in urban and rural schools were obtained. Motivational profiles of students in urban schools: a) with predominant external motivation; b) with predominant internal motivation, c) students whose learning activities are influenced by both external and internal factors. Motivational profiles of students in rural schools: a) with a high level of both internal and external motivation; b) with an average level of internal and external motivation; c) having a low level of internal and external motivation. A comparative analysis of the identified motivational profiles using the H Kruskal Wallis and U Mann-Whitney criteria made it possible to identify the characteristics of life satisfaction, an optimistic style of explaining the reasons for successes and failures, as well as the level of depression, anxiety and stress among adolescent students in rural and urban schools in the Fergana region. KEYWORDS Discussion and conclusion. The level structure of the learning motivation of rural schoolchildren can be explained by the appearance in their motivation profile of the "Alienated" group - teenagers with a low level of external and internal motivation, when the educational environment does not serve as an environment for satisfying their current needs and is not controlled by the people around them due to the fact that they do not see the importance of the child's education. A group of urban and rural teenagers “Value-oriented towards education” was identified - with a high level of external and internal motivation, whose values of obtaining education are supported by the adults around them.

Problem Statement: “Motivation” can be defined as the action of directing human behavior in a desirable way. School principals are not only the managers who are the most responsible for the school. The vice principals who are officially charged and help the principals with the school tasks are also called school managers. School managers have a direct impact on the performance of personnel. Knowing the opinions of the managers about internal and external motivation increases the success of the educational institution. Purpose of the Study: The aim of this research was to reveal the ideas of primary and secondary school principals about motivation. The problems under review are: (1) What are the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about internal motivation?; (2) Do the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about internal motivation differentiate depending on gender, duty at school, school grade, and education level?; (3) What are the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about external motivation?; (4) Do the opinions of the primary and middle school principals about external motivation differentiate depending on gender, duty at school, school grade, and education level? Method: This study was a descriptive research study. The outcome consists of 55 randomly selected principals and deputy principals working in primary school, middle school, and high school in the center, town, and villages of Denizli Buldan. In order to gather data, a scale developed by the researchers, called “opinions of principals about internal and external motivation”, was used. In the real application of the scale, while the Cronbach Alpha value of internal motivation was 0.80, the Cronbach Alpha value of external motivation was 0.88. The total Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was calculated as 0.87. To confirm whether the allocation was normal, the Kolmogorov Simirnov test was applied. According to the result, the data was said to be normal [(K-s)-z =0.633 p=0.818]. Test T and Anova were used to analyze the data parametric tests. Findings: The principals involved in the research stated “I agree” for internal motivation with the average of 3.74, while they stated “I agree” for external motivation with an average of 4.18. Based on the feedback from the primary and secondary school principals, no meaningful difference was defined related to gender, education level, occupation, and the grade of the school. Conclusion and Recommendations: The participating primary and middle school principals said “I agree” for “internal motivation” with an average of 3.74 and “I agree” for “external motivation” with an average of 4.18. According to the results of the research, these ideas can be suggested: (1) Principals are motivated by “the feeling of achieving difficult tasks”. They should be allowed to create higher targets. (2) The principals are motivated by “team spirit at school”. Creating the principal’s own team is important, based on this result. Key words: School principal, motivation, internal motivation, external motivation, opinion.

Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to analyze internal work motivation and external work motivation on employee performance at PT. Fontera Brand Indonesia Bandar Lampung Branch. Method: The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with a census approach. Data collection techniques based on data sources in this study uses a questionnaire method. The analysis technique used in this research is validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation analysis and coefficient of determination, F test, and t test. Result: Work motivation both internally and externally simultaneously has a significant effect on employee performance at PT. Fontera Brand Indonesia Bandar Lampung Branch; Partial internal work motivation has a significant effect on employee performance at PT. Fontera Brand Indonesia Bandar Lampung Branch; External work motivation partially has a significant effect on employee performance at PT. Fontera Brand Indonesia Bandar Lampung Branch. Limitation: This study only assesses the variables of internal and external motivation and the performance of employees working at PT. Fontera Brand Indonesia Bandar Lampung Branch, as well as clear literacy limitations on employee motivation. Contribution: This research provides suggestions for PT. Fontera Brand Indonesia Bandar Lampung Branch to provide performance motivation both internally and externally for employees who can provide output in terms of improving employee performance so that it is more leverage. Novelty: The novelty in this study lies in the conditions carried out by researchers during the transition from pandemic to endemic, so that they pay attention to differences in research results with previous studies that have been conducted. Keywords: 1. Work Motivation 2. External Work Motivation 3. Internal Work Motivation 4. Employee Performance

Ecologicalization motivations of resources enterprises in the Pan-Qaidam pilot economic zone of Qinghai Province, West China

Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (IEMS) provides a self-report tool sensitive to individual tendencies to control implicit and explicit prejudice without directly inquiring about attitudes toward an outgroup. The current study verified the scale's psychometric properties and construct validity on a Slovak sample. In line with the predictions, the principal component analysis suggested, and confirmatory factor analysis validated the presence of two uncorrelated factors of internal and external motivation. Additionally, while internal motivation was positively associated with adherence to egalitarianism and negatively with authoritarianism, external motivation did not demonstrate any of these relationships. Furthermore, only external motivation was found to be positively related to expressive self-control that parallels propositions claiming greater self-regulatory demands when egalitarian norms are followed to avoid social disapproval. Finally, both factors were positively correlated with concerns from appearing prejudiced, although internal motivation in a significantly greater degree, reflecting larger dependency on self-oriented concerns. With appropriate values of internal consistency for both factors, the IEMS scale provides a reliable self-report measure that might be used for systematic control of individual differences in the research of social cognition in intergroup context.

This study examined how internal (uncertainty, susceptibility, severity, anxiety, and fear) and external motivators (descriptive norms, parasocial interaction, and identification) account for information seeking, message reception, and behavioral intention of COVID-19 prevention and community engagement. A total of 500 US adults’ responses were collected and analyzed. Results found that both internal and external motivators positively predicted COVID-19 information seeking. External motivators were significantly related to message reception, whereas internal motivators were not. The results imply that external motivators and self-efficacy interacting with internal motivators can be catalysts for the behavioral intention of COVID-19 prevention and community engagement. Study results suggest that emphasizing social influence and public figures’ messages in health campaigns may be effective communication strategies for COVID-19 prevention and community engagement.

Context: Research on emotional intelligence (EI) shows this concept's decades-long positive influence on well-being, self-efficacy, employability, and academic and professional achievement. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that students with high EI have better grades and quality of life, as well as are more employable than students with low EI. By considering the two conceptualizations of EI as either an ability or personality trait, the present study investigates EI's influence on training achievement in initial vocational education and training (IVET). We posited that the two types of EI positively influence training achievement in a complementary way: Ability EI relates to achievement in theoretical training, while trait EI relates to achievement in practical training. Furthermore, these links are mediated by apprentices' engagement at school and in learning. Method: To test our hypotheses, 92 dual IVET health and social care apprentices in their last year of vocational school completed an online survey composed of validated scales measuring EI as an ability, EI as a personality trait, personality traits, and school engagement. The apprentices' grades were also obtained with their permission. Results: The findings confirmed our hypotheses and reflected EI's positive influence on training achievement. We observed that participants with high EI (as an ability and personality trait) obtained better grades than participants with lower EI. Moreover, our results showed that ability EI has a direct influence on achievement in theoretical health and social care training, while the link between trait EI and practical training is indirect and mediated by engagement in learning. Conclusion: The present study confirms EI's positive influence on school achievement in the VET context and further corroborates the important role that EI can play in dual IVET apprentices' achievement, particularly in the health and social sectors. This original study contributes to research on the VET system by placing EI among the skills necessary to ensure professional success.

Why are People Honest? Internal and External Motivations to Report Honestly

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Learning Outcomes of Islamic Religion and Characteristics of Students at SMA Negeri 5 Makassar

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the causational effect of both internal and external motivation with learning outcomes at a peripheral university in the province of Aceh. It also aims to evaluate which of the two factors possess stronger impact on the other across different genders.Design/Methodology/Approach – The model of research utilizes quantitative approach. Using the questionnaires as data gathering methodology, it is designed to understand aspects of both internal and external motivation which influences the results. Correlational information was then derived from the data using SPSS software. Then, data were elaborated for more detail and ease of reading for readers.Findings – The results obtained from this research showed that there was no relationship between both internal and external motivation with students grades. Claiming to have relatively high motivation, still students failed to attain good grades. Observed individually, no apparent relationship was visible from each aspect. The finding also suggested that there was no difference impact was visible across different gender. Both genders, male and female, in this university did not show any significant correlation between motivation and grades.Research Limitations/Implications – Unlike many findings on similar studies, the research found out that motivation cannot be utilized as predictor to predict grades in the peripheral university. New approaches should be developed to find out working predictors for students grades.Practical Implications – To understand influencing aspects for students’ grades attainment, more and or other variables should be utilized. Both internal and external motivation factors failed to predict students’ grades.Originality/Value – Research on students learning motivation specifically at peripheral university was much been studied. Keywords Peripheral University Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation English class performances Citation Azhari, T. and Dauyah, E. (2018), "Learning Motivation of Peripheral University Students and its Relation with their English Grades", Proceedings of MICoMS 2017 (Emerald Reach Proceedings Series, Vol. 1), Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 473-478. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-793-1-00028 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2018, Teuku Azhari, Ema Dauyah. License Published in the Emerald Reach Proceedings Series. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode 1. Introduction Motivation is considerably significant feature that educationalists target to advance learning. Experts have had a long discussion about the association between motivation and language learning. (Lin and Warschauer, 2011; Tremblay and Gardner, 1995) stated that “The concept of language learning motivation has become a central component of a number of L2 acquisition.” Gardner’s social psychological approach has been widely utilized until late 1990s. Even believed as separate entities, (Covington and Mueller, 2001) “Motivation provides the primary impetus to initiate learning (Deci, Koestner, and Ryan, 2001) the L2 and later the driving force to sustain the long and often tedious learning process” (Dornyei, 1998). Research also indicated that those with higher motivation are more successful and efficient in their learning (Soureshjani, 2011). Motivation has been highly linked to Tremblay, Gardner, Dornyei, etc. Gardner proposed three major constructs toward understanding motivation: (a) integrative motives, (b) attitude motives, and (c) socio-educational motives (Dornyei, 2009). Dornyei (1998) perceives motivation as a process and an explanation of behavior; “a mental processes that lead to the initiation and maintenance of action” and has shifted from stimuli and reinforcement contingencies and instead emphasizes on learners. Motivation determines learners’ degree of involvement in L2 learning. It is, therefore, without sufficient motivation, one will not exert their maximum capacity in language achievement (Leila Anjomshoa, 2015). One prominent view on motivation was intrinsic and extrinsic (Dornyei, 2009). Angraini (2011) divided factor of motivation into two: internal and external factors. She further proposed internal factor such as the motivation toward the knowledge to study and orientation to attend college. These two widely are known and well-used terms that have been in central attention of many researchers. Motivation ties hand in hand with feeling and emotion (Powell, 2005; Gheisari, 2017) and shift from classroom condition toward utilitarian, thus reducing teacher factor in the process (Nikolov, 1999). Often perceived as separated entities, recent views recognize them as combined factors, self-determination (Dornyei, 1998). This research paper aimed to evaluate motivation in a deeper sense. Researcher aimed at analyzing how motivations impact the study of a language in student. The study was undertaken to answer three main questions: (i) do intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have positive influence on students the performance in English, (ii) which of the two provide stronger influence on performance, and (iii) does it have different effect across the gender. To answer the research questions, questionnaires are distributed to 50 students at Universitas Abulyatama Aceh Besar. The questionnaires were designed in Likert scale which composed of 5 demographic questions, 20 questions on intrinsic motivation, and 30 questions on extrinsic motivation. Data finding was then processed using SPSS software to observe the regression of each aspect of the motivation. The questionnaires were designed under the hypotheses that they all contribute to students’ achievement including on English grade. 2. Methods Adopting Anggraini’s model of motivation, researcher then formulated questionnaires to find the data needed in this research. These model questionnaires analyze internal and external elements in formulating one’s English language learning motivation. The questionnaires comprise of three: (i) background information, (ii) intrinsic motivation, and (iii) extrinsic motivation. Pearson’s test indicated that the questionnaires were significant (0.06) and, therefore, may be used. 2.1. Sample and population Population of this study was peripheral universities in Aceh. Researcher nominated University Abulyatama (Unaya, Aceh Besar) as the sample as it goes with study criteria. The university is situated at city outskirt, but is accessible easily. Adopting stratified random sampling, questionnaires were distributed randomly across gender, semester and major. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used. Here, we converted data, run descriptive statistics, regression, and ANOVA. Regression was selected to evaluate if Independent variables (intrinsic and extrinsic motivation), variable X, impact positively on the dependent variable (English Grade), variable Y. ANOVA test was castoff to study if both predictors have impact toward the grade. We also analyze separately from gender point of view to understand if the result is the same across different gender. 3. Results First stage was data transformation. Researcher then run one sample statistic test to study the significant of both IM and EM categories. It was later found out that both of the categories are statistically significant (0.00). Opens in a new window.Figure 1.Distribution of Responses by Histogram charts in Figure 1 elaborate the distribution of students’ response from each aspect, IM and EM. In IM chart, the distribution relatively packed in the middle (3.5–4.5). Meanwhile, on the EM chart, the response is distinctly high at center of the graph, 3.8, and formed a well-distributed curve for the others. Table 1. ANOVA Test Model R R2 Adjusted R2 Std. Error of the Estimate 1 0.238a 0.057 0.004 0.55837 R2 in Table 1 indicated that the model was accounted for 57% (0.57). This means that IM and EM can only predict 57% of the result. Forty-three percent of others, however, are not covered by this model. However, there is a huge gap between R2 and adjusted R2 (57 & 4). Even though the model is proven to be statistically significant, internal issues might occur which drastically reduced the significance of the model. Regression analysis shows that both IM and EM have no significance and influence over dependent variables. With both of the score above 0.05, both aspects provided no significance towards English grades. Finally, ANOVA test resulted in high score (0.350). The coefficient level from the test also yielded high score. Running regression test for each sub-aspect separately, interestingly enough, yielded a different result. One sub-aspect, quality of lecturer, is proven to be significant to predict student English grade. The rest, four others, are proven not statistically significant. When compared between gender and grade, it was found that no significant correlation occurred. The correlation was negative. Findings also showed that students’ English grade varied one to another. Of 47 respondents, 39 students gave up their grades, while 9 others did not. From these valid input, it was found that 13 students (27.7%) got A, 24 students (51.1%) got B, and 2 students (4.3%) got C. This showed us that, on an average, students managed to score B in English class. 4. Discussion The pattern used in this study indicated 57% reliability. The remaining gap, which also influenced the grades, was not covered here. Other test results, ANOVA, signposted low correlation thus degrading the fact that internal and external factors do influence students’ grades in English subject. We predict that social environment such as parental support, social status, friends, and target essential to consider these factors in the future research. Language culture may also be responsible for students’ grade achievement. Of all sub-question, five sub-questions, only sub-question number 4 which is lecturer quality that has positive correlation with students’ English grade. The rest, four others, are proven not statistically significant. These were actually contrary to the previous beliefs that the five sub-questions contributed positively to student’ achievement. Evaluated as two separate items, it was found that neither IM nor EM contributed positively to English grade achievement. Results indicated that all predictors failed to detect the cause. Majority respondents believed that they have high intrinsic motivation, as specified in the histogram graph. However, these were not apparent in their grades. Running frequency test on English grades, I found that most students got B (51.1%), about half got A (27.7%), and last two students, however, got C. English does not seem to be favorite class for many students, or at least not their best at. Only one-third (1/3) achieved best grades while others did not. Gender, lastly, does not have any strong correlation with grade. This is to say that gender does not provide significant information to determine students’ grade, especially in English. Thus, this cannot be taken as predictor for students’ English grades. 5. Conclusion Findings from this study showed us that the pattern used in this study failed to determine peripheral university students’ motivation which influenced their grades in English subject. The model questions cannot be used as determiners. No significance was found at any level of observations, including the intrinsic (Deci et al., 2001). When observed as a single item, however, lecturer quality has significant and positive impact on grade achievement. Quality of lecturer yielded a positive impact on learning motivation and grades. Even though female developed a higher level of motivation compared with their male counterparts, it did not contribute to their final grades. Arguably, the case may be caused by in-comprehensive model proposed in the study where more sub-items need to be included. These items are social environment and target language culture. Besides, students’ intake may also be the culprit. This study therefore cannot be generalized to all universities in Aceh. More study and samples needs to be done References Angraini, I.S. (2011). Motivasi Belajar dan Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh: Sebuah kajian pada Interaksi Pembelajaran Mahasiswa. Prodi Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang. Covington, M.V. and Muleller, K.J. (2001). “Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation: An Approach/Avoidance Reformulation”. Educational Psychology Review, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 157–176. Deci, E., Koester, R. and Ryan, R.M. (2001). “Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation in Education: Reconsidered Once Again”. Review of Education Research, Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 1–27. Dornyei, Z. (1998). “Motivation in Second Language Learning”. 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Corresponding author Teuku Azhari can be contacted at tazhari@unimal.ac.id Book Chapters Prelims Introduction Acknowledgement I Acknowledgement II The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Work Motivation on Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in BNI in the Working Area of Bank Indonesia Lhokseumawe The Effect of Work Motivation on the Employee Performance with Organization Citizenship Behavior as Intervening Variable at Bank Aceh Syariah Life-Cycle Performance of a Bridge Subjected to Multiple Heavy Vehicle Impacts The Efforts of Improving the Professionalism of Lecturers towards the Presentation and Change of KKNI within the University Environment in Aceh Morphological Process of Devayan: An Analysis of Morphological Tipology Effect of Freight Transportation for Regional Development in the North Zone of Aceh The Roles of Digital Democracy on Political Education for Young Generation Disorders of Sex Development: Ambiguous Genitalia and Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Difference Analysis of the Autonomy of Extended Regencies in Aceh Province Indonesia An analysis of Service Quality on Mustahiq Satification using the Kano Model (Case Study on Baitul Mal) Exploration and Morphological Characterization of Vegetative Part of Avocado at Bebesan Subdistrict Central Aceh District, Indonesia Poverty Effectiveness for the Maisir (Contest) in the City of Indonesian Aceh Province Measurement of Study Productivity and Evaluation Analysis by using the American Productivity Center (APC) Model at a Palm Oil Factory (Pks PT. Syaukath Sejahtera) The Development of an Independent Entrepreneurship Model Through Creative Economy for Women in Lhokseumawe City Regionalism of Aceh’s Traditional Architecture at Bujang Salim Mosque at Krueng Geeukeuh, Aceh High Growth and Diameter of the Stem of Corn Plants (Zea May, S) with a Different Cropping Pattern Influence of Manufacture of Textiles, Clothing, and Leather and Manufacture of Paper, Printing, and Publishing on Economic Growth Land Erodibility and Land use Directions in Krueng Seulimum Watershed Aceh Province The Effect of Fermentation of the Peel of Arabica Coffee with Win Prob Probiotics on Crude Fiber Content and Fiber Fraction Teaching English International Lingua Franca (ELF) in ASEAN Economic Community Context: Teachers and Students Perspectives Animation as a Creative Industry: A Strategy to Build Creativity and Independence of Youth in Padang, West Sumatra Improving Production of Liquid Smoke from Candlenut Shell by Pyrolisis Process Interpersonal Communication of Commercial Sex Workers Transaction with Customers in Syariah Law Area in Indonesia Macrozoobentos Diversity Index as a Bioindicator in Krueng Cunda River to Support the Success of the Shrimp Agribusniness at Lhokseumawe City, Aceh The Examination Model of Aceh Commodity Export Firms’ Performance The Role of Fishing Techniques with Tuah Teng on Food Security in Facing the Asean Economic Community Reconstruction of Aceh Cultural Identity in the Discourse of Aceh Language Lesson Books in Elementary School The Effect of Monosodium Glutamate (Msg) Administration to Pyramidal Cells Necrosis on Cerebral Cortex of Wistar Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Personal Construct Experience of Tionghoa Community in Aceh Reality Study of Mineralogy Composition, Total, and Exchangable Content of K, Ca, and Mg of Volcanic Ash from Sinabung Mountain Eruption in North Sumatera, Indonesia The Role of Law in Economic Development: To Develop a Special Economic Zone in Order to Build a National and Regional Economy Model Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Local Wisdom in West Aceh Regency Recurrence of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Rare Cause of the Obstruction of the Right Heart Single Mother Role in The Success of Their Children (Phenomenological Study of Single Women in Makassar City) Optimal Lot-Sizing Algorithms on Stochastic Demand at the Retailer Predict Environmental Conditions Using Groundwater Interpretation in Subdistrict North of the of with Economic of Study on Impact on is the of in Regional Bank in Indonesia Stochastic of and Children A Study from Indonesia of Indonesia The of and of in Subdistrict Aceh The of Women in Local in Aceh Study at of Aceh Province the of to Personal the in Analysis of Factors the Poverty of in Aceh of an Model on the of Syariah Based on Social in Asean Community in Analysis of of Based of Economic Development and to A Review on Production in Aceh and of in Analysis of and Educational Development Learning of Bahasa in High The Difference in the effect of City of City as a Creative City Through the of Cultural of from into Indonesian of From for Behavior of from with and Oil at North in A Study at an School in North Indonesia of Learning for A in Malikussaleh University of and with and of Educational Aceh Regency Foreign into Aceh province of Indonesia a of Based Using with Modern The of of in the Krueng River Aceh Indonesia Analysis of the of and the with a for Students in 1 Aceh of Using for Generation Education into in Aceh Learning Motivation of Peripheral University Students and its Relation with their English of on for Liquid of and in in Aceh The between and of in the at a in Lhokseumawe in the 2017 Effect of Palm Oil on Process and in The and the of in Law and of Communication for the Performance of Based on Production of in in Palm Oil An Analysis and of a of the Based on a of in the by of The of Data in Course for First Students of at Malikussaleh University and of by into Science, and Learning on Process and Effect of of of and Satisfaction of to of by on Service Development the The in the of a in A Review and Morphological Characterization of in and of North Aceh Indonesia Model of of the National in North Province Index for of with to of With of Security Using on

The purpose of this research was to provide a model of customer participation motivations in creating value in the shoe industry of East Azarbaijan province. This research is considered to be of applied and developmental type and will be done using a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). In terms of the purpose of this research, it is an applied research. In the current research, the researcher will first consider all the factors extracted from the studies as codes, and then by considering the concept of each of these codes, he will categorize them in a similar concept. slow In this way, the concepts (topics) of the research are formed. In the following, the foundation data method is used to summarize the components. Grounded data theory is a general research method for generating theory. The purpose of this method is to present a theory derived from data that has been systematically collected and analyzed during the research process. In this strategy, the collection and analysis of data and the theory that is ultimately deduced from the data are closely related to each other. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part will include all the researches conducted in the field of internal and external motives of customer participation in value creation, which will be provided by universities, research institutes, conferences, conventions, publications, books, websites, etc. will be The extraction of preliminary concepts is the first step of the meta-combination method, in this way, the articles are first searched and the titles of the articles are selected as criteria, then the search is based on the abstract, and irrelevant articles are discarded. After that, the search is done based on the content and finally appropriate and appropriate articles are extracted. As can be seen, 32 final articles were extracted using metacombination method in this research, based on which preliminary concepts are obtained. The results showed that the presented model was validated using a quantitative approach. For this purpose, the structural equation model and factor loading analysis were used, which led to the validation of the model. The factors were divided into two parts: internal motivations and external motivations, all of which were considered significant at the 95% confidence level. 8 factors were identified as internal motivation and 14 factors as external motivation.

Through this research, we were able to study the interrelationship between transformational leadership and creative behavior, thus providing an intricate view of organizational behavior. To this end, the study aimed to examine the mediational role of emotional intelligence. The research was conducted within the context of the Iraqi higher education system, providing information relevant to the uniquely organized configuration of the region. Utilized a survey for public banks. containing 176 bank members, validating the representativeness of the labor sample within its entirety. The selection method explored how transformational leadership relates to creative behavior through layered aspects of cultural consideration embodied in the college at Al-Muthanna Public Banks. A well-designed questionnaire was used by the research team to collect quite some manageable data for the subjects. At the outset, we informed all subjects concerned that their responses would be kept Anonymous, and data would be used for research purposes only. This practice adhered to ethical research standards, which made participants feel more secure and value-based in sharing their comments on transformational leadership and creative behavior. This survey showed a strong and positive correlation between transformational leadership and creative behavior. Emotional intelligence played the role of a mediator in ensuring the influence of transformational leadership on creative behavior.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (self-motivation, social skills, empathy, emotional awareness, and emotional management) and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness). Participants of the study consisted of (624) students (male and females) selected randomly from different faculties of Hashemite University. Two questionnaires on emotional intelligence and personality traits were administered to members of the sample during academic year 2012 / 2013. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used for data in the establishing the dependence of the two variables. Results indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between personality traits and emotional intelligence. Results also indicate that personality traits significantly explain emotional intelligence and personality traits predict all sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence.

In this survey a sample of 312 students of primary school aged 8 – 14 years was used to test the hypothesis if the motivational profile predetermines sport activities and a success in Physical Educa-tion (PE) classes. After a factorisation and crossing of the components of external and internal motivation, the author extracted three motivational profiles of actors in sports activities: internal motivated, joint motivated and external motivated. It turned out that these profiles significantly de-termine if the kids will play sports, but yet not significantly on their success in PE. These findings are not in favour of PE and they show the need for teachers to try to reduce external, and support the internal student’s motivation. Significant finding of this survey is also the fact that as older they get the positive evaluation and experience of school is dropping down. This is especially important if we have in mind that by factorization is determined that for the students the first by its importance in PE is the enjoyment and self-improvement, and that two negative motivational factors are right after them. Besides significant findings, this survey offers some new dilemmas for further research and study.