ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ И ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ АДАПТИВНОГО СПОРТА СРЕДИ МОЛОДЕЖИ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ И ИНВАЛИДОВ

The function, utilization, and resource allocation of sport facilities in residential areas have attracted increasing attention in China along with the country's rapid economic development and the popularization of the health concept. To optimize the allocation of public sports resources and develop functions for sports facilities in China, this study analyzed existing policies concerning the planning and construction of sports facilities in residential areas and actual problems in the operation, management, and construction of sports facilities in the country. The analysis was conducted using document, investigation and expert consultation methods. Corresponding improvement measures were proposed by combining actual situations of urban sport participation of residents. Sports facilities in urban residential areas in China are facing various problems, such as inadequate quantity, uneven layout, poor management, and imperfect related laws and regulations as well as planning policies. Formulating sports facility planning policies and updating existing sports facilities are beneficial in relieving the sports facility shortage caused by the increased, diversified, and actual demands of residents. These measures could also guide the future construction of sports facilities in residential areas in high-density cities in China.

The article examines international, Russian and regional experience in the construction of sports facilities in the historical environment of cities. Examples of various practices for organizing sports and recreational areas and practices for constructing various types of sports facilities are given. The popular functional scenarios and planning features have been identified. Modern principles and approaches to the design and construction of sports facilities have been identified: recreational component, entertainment component, sociocultural component, innovative approach, multifunctionality, taking into account urban planning regulations of the historical environment, adaptation to the historical environment, and others. The article identifies successful global practices applicable to the conditions of the historical environment of large Russian cities and provides recommended parameters for these objects.

In modern society, tourism is of great socio-cultural importance of forming new behavior algorithms of various categories of the population. The flow of tourists increases, more people appear with disabilities who remain limited mobility due to the presence of numerous social barriers that need to be adaptive conditions of consumption of tourist services in the framework of tourism, accessible to all. Involvement of disabled people in the tourism industry remains an unsolved problem. Persons with special needs in tourist services are among the switched off from society. Issues related to the provision of tourist services are resolved not to the full extent without the conditions for such activities. Information about opportunities for persons with disabilities in Russian is very limited. Use of tourism in the system of social protection remains the least affordable and little studied. At the same time, tourists with special needs in the travel services are potential customers for businesses, they can participate in the economic development, to make a profit. We believe that to a certain degree this is connected with insufficient development of theoretical and conceptual issues of adaptive tourism, which affects in particular the question of society´s attitude to such concepts as "human health" and "disability". Considering tourism as a complex adaptive relationship, social, psychological, medical, sports and recreation and other measures which are included in the content of tourism activities in providing tourism services for persons with special needs, the priority is allocated in a specific form of psychosocial work at all levels of the tourism industry. Adaptive tourism is focused on the study and implementation of subject-subject relationship that accompany the promotion tour. And it´s not only the elimination of barriers to the movement of the mechanical traveling. The question is about a particular way of working with people with special needs in tourist services. lack of attention to categories of people requiring special conditions in tourism, underdevelopment of appropriate infrastructure reduce the motivation for learning by those who in their professional activities would like to have specific tourist services to persons with disabilities. Adaptive tourism is based, on the one hand, on the general theory and methodology of social work, and on the other- on the technology of the organization of tourist activity and the concept of adaptive physical training (adaptive physical education, adaptive sports, adaptive motor recreation). Our research has allowed developing the scientific and theoretical basis of the concept of model-specific tourism activities and offers a training profile for psychosocial workers capable of organizational and managerial activities with persons with special needs in tourist services.

The aim is to carry out an analysis of the development of sports for disabled people in Romania, in line with the socio-historical evolution of national and global society. The communist regime influenced the poorly represented social structure of sports for disabled people, with two exceptions: the organization of the World Deaf Games in Bucharest (in 1977) and the acceptance of sending a wheelchair athlete (table tennis) to the Paralympic Games (in 1972). The change in the political regime made possible a development, through the establishment of several sports organizations that coordinate the activity of different categories of disabilities, encouraging the practice of sports as a tool for social inclusion, and Romanian athletes competing in major sports competitions (Special Olympics World Games, Paralympic Games, Deaflympics, Invictus Games). However, there are some deficits related to the low number of athletes, sports clubs, adapted sports facilities, types of sports, underfunding, commercialization and social recognition.

The paper deals with the history of adaptive sports, the international theoretical studies on the inclusion of disabled people in urban and educational space, and the practice of creating an inclusive architectural design, the favorable social and psychological environment to include disabled people in education, labor, and arts. The author considers methods and ideology of adaptive sports management in the USSR, the humane attitude towards people with disabilities based on public, health, social, and economic support. This ideology of public administration should be called the ideology of public assistance. The author presents the management structure for the adaptive sports in the Russian Federation. This structure consists of the hierarchical levels which have been simultaneously developed. The jurisdictions of each authority is strictly defined. The study reveals the trend towards the de-emphasis on the adaptive sports. Thus, the construction of special facilities is reduced, and the number of disabled athletes is decreased. Besides, there are no new educational programs for training experts in the adaptive sports.

The article examines the place of sports facilities in the general network of physical culture and sports institutions and proposes the concept of their use in the system of physical culture and health activities in the social, household and industrial spheres. Goal. Revealing the importance of sports facilities in the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Methods. Analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature; analysis of regulatory and program-methodical documents in the field of physical culture and sports. The results. Sports facilities make up the largest and most important part of the material and technical base of physical culture and sports. They perform a number of functions, among which the main ones are educational, training and competitive, and the complementary ones are recreational and spectacular. Sports halls, arenas, gyms, separate and complex sports grounds, which usually belong to educational institutions, are used for the widest coverage of youth in physical education and sports. the effectiveness of the use of sports facilities should be carried out not only by improving the methods of their operation, but also by creating new types of facilities that will meet the requirements of work throughout the year. Conclusions. Strengthening the material and sports base of sports and building new sports facilities is a necessary condition for the formation of a healthy nation. Modern sports facilities play a special role in improving the health of Ukrainians. Today, the construction of sports facilities is gaining more and more importance. But in Ukraine, the necessary modern sports infrastructure at the place of study, living, work and recreation has not yet been formed. Therefore, without any doubt, the construction, revival, reconstruction of sports and health facilities is one of the most important social tasks, which can significantly raise the level of physical culture and sports, contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle, improve the comfort and architectural attractiveness of this or that neighborhood or student town. Despite the fact that the construction and reconstruction of buildings and constructions of sports and recreation is one of the most material and labor-intensive types of production in the development of the material and technical base of sports, there is no other way to solve this problem.

Disability sport is a relatively recent phenomenon, yet it is also one that, particularly in the context of social inclusion, is attracting increasing political and academic interest. The purpose of this important new text – the first of its kind – is to introduce the reader to key concepts in disability and disability sport and to examine the complex relationships between modern sport, disability and other aspects of wider society. Drawing upon original data from interviews, surveys and policy documents, the book examines how disability sport has developed and is currently organised, and explores key themes, issues and concepts including: disability theory and policy the emergence and development of disability sport disability sport development in local authorities mainstreaming disability sport disability, physical education and school sport elite disability sport and the Paralympic Games disability sport and the media.   Including chapter summaries, seminar questions and lists of key websites and further reading throughout, Sport, Disability and Society provides both an easy to follow introduction and a critical exploration of the key issues surrounding disability sport in the twenty-first century. This book is an invaluable resource for all students, researchers and professionals working in sport studies, disability studies, physical education, sociology and social policy. Nigel Thomas is Head of Sport and Exercise at Staffordshire University, UK, where his research focuses on the history, mainstreaming, and media coverage of disability sport. He previously worked for ten years with young disabled people as a sports development officer in local authorities and national governing bodies. Andy Smith is Lecturer in the Sociology of Sport and Exercise at the University of Chester, UK. He is a co-editor of the International Journal of Sport Policy, and a co-author of Sport Policy and Development: A Sociological Introduction, and An Introduction to Drugs in Sport: Addicted to Winning? Both books are published by Routledge (2009).

The aim of the work is to generalize innovative solutions in the field of construction of sports facilities and to examine the forces and means necessary to extinguish a fire in the Baikal Ice Palace in Irkutsk. To achieve this goal, the authors analyze the innovations proposed by Russian and foreign experts in the field of fire safety in the construction and operation of sports facilities. The effectiveness of modern innovative protection systems is discussed, such as fire extinguishing with remote control, fire alarms, robotic extinguishing systems, smoke protection in automatic and remote modes, control panels for evacuation control, etc. An analysis of the level of fire protection of an object was carried out using the example of an ice palace “Baikal”, for which possible scenarios of emergency situations related to fire were considered. It was possible to determine the forces and means necessary to extinguish a possible fire and conduct ASR (emergency rescue operations) using calculations of the fire area, the amount of the required fire extinguishing agent, the intensity of its supply, the number of involved units and units of the GDZS, the number of tankers. A method for calculating the stress state of a structure under the influence of a temperature load is proposed, possible schemes for the development of a fire are developed, and the necessary data for calculating the area and the number of mobile devices for extinguishing are obtained. During the inspection of the ice palace, it was found that the building provides for the protection of premises of any area with automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarms, robotic fire complexes (RPK) have been introduced. The success of firefighting depends on the correct placement and provision of sufficient firefighting forces and equipment, as well as on the careful choice of a decisive course of action. The objectivity of the assessment of the fire situation and the accuracy of decision-making are due to the highly professional training of the Cancellation Service Manager (RCD) and the ability to predict the development of fire fighting.

The presence of sports facilities is supposed to provide space for the community to carry out physical activities and sports competition events, any other impacts involved need to be studied further in order to complete studies in the construction of sports facilities. The purpose of this study is to see the benefits resulting from the presence of sports facilities from an economic perspective. A qualitative approach with a case study design was chosen in this study. Semi-structured interviews, and observations were used in data collection with participants involving policy makers, facility managers and visitors. The results of this study revealed that the presence of sports facilities economic impact by creating jobs both permanent and temporary so that the economy can increase incomes and reduce unemployment and poverty.

Produced by PLAYLINK, a registered charity which assists local communities to create adventure playgrounds for children. Established in 1962, PLAYLINK is recognised as the national authority on good practice for play provision of this type. This essential handbook draws on PLAYLINK's 35 years experience with adventure playgrounds, introduces recent changes to legislation and gives guidance on the interpretation of legal responsibilities. It is intende for all those working as play officers, playworkers, playground designers or consultants in supervised play provision, legal advisers and regulatory authorities. It will also be of interst to anyone involved in leisure and recreation management and the design and construction of sports facilities.

Grounded in a nexus of sport sociology and economics inquiry, the present study examined the rental market at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games, considering increased rent as a critical antecedent to gentrification. Specifically, econometric analyses based on a difference-in-differences design were employed to examine longitudinal data of rent transactions in the hosting districts. The findings suggested that rental prices went through varied phases of fluctuation with a potential consequence of gentrification. As such, the results shed light on housing struggles and gentrification as a form of controversy brought about by the construction of sport facilities and hosting events. Therefore, they provided in-depth and empirical evidence to critique socioeconomic inequalities underneath the neoliberal political agenda in sport as well as the revanchist politics prevalent in today’s neoliberal world.

Sport has a significant impact on the economy, both locally/nationally and globally, ranging from job creation and income generation to tourism and trade promotion. The basic approach to calculating the economic effects of sport across the EU is by expanding national Input-Output tables by sport-related sectors. The creation of a national Input-Output table for Albania will mean that all sports content will be extracted from the original sectors to form additional sectors, such as the construction of sports facilities, marketing, production of sports equipment, as example mechanisms that combine sport and economic development. The main goal of this study is to create a stable data base to serve as a reference point for subsequent analyses and generate a comprehensive assessment of the size of the added value related to sports and employment sectors in Albania. This study can also encourage methodological discussion between countries in the region and EU countries, which in turn can increase the quality and comparability of national assessments through SSA. The data collected for this study show that the responsible institutions in the country for the sports sector do not possess the mechanisms to extract all the figures related to sports while maintaining the structure of the National Accounts, which serve as the main point of reference for the drafting of economic policies at the national macro level and are normally kept by a country's statistical office.

The Korean government established the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) in April 1991 as an agency of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) to design and execute most of its official development assistance (ODA) grants. Since then, KOICA has administered two forms of Korean sport grants: sport aid projects (e.g. the construction of sport facilities and provision of sport equipment) and sport technical cooperation programs (sport volunteering and Taekwondo coaching programs). Drawing on Murray’s (2018) categorization of sport diplomacy, as well as Foucauldian discourse analysis, we examine how KOICA sport initiatives have, over three decades, operated to support the government's foreign policy and diplomatic goals. The findings reveal that KOICA sport initially prioritized elite sport development in an approach akin to traditional sport diplomacy. Now, however, it appears to have adopted global sport for development (SFD) strategies with a focus on social development, in line with a new sport-oriented, public diplomacy approach. Through the combination of these two strategies, the role played by KOICA sport as a diplomatic tool of the Korean state has become more sophisticated.

The Team Physician: Ethical and Legal Issues

PurposeThis study examines how the World Para Snow Sports Championship 2021 was leveraged to create para sport outcomes. The purpose of this study is to add to the knowledge of how different organisations can create positive para sport legacies from elite para sport events.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative case study used interviews with representatives from key stakeholders and archival materials as main sources. An event leverage model was used to better understand the context, structures, and resources relevant to the development of para sport outcomes.FindingsThe main findings show how a variety of organisations set goals and implemented strategies to create para sport legacies. While the short-term increase in para sport participation remained rather limited, the new infrastructure, new para sport policies, and increased awareness of para sport were the main para sport legacy outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe main contribution of this study is empirical knowledge on how different organisations can leverage a para sport event to create legacies for para sport. Future research can examine the perspectives of additional groups, such as other athletes, spectators, and people with disabilities.Practical implicationsFor organisations involved in para sport, this study shows the opportunities and challenges of using a sport event to recruit new para sport participants.Originality/valueWhile there are some studies on the legacy outcomes of the Paralympic Games, this study focuses on a different para sport event and adopts the leverage perspective.