Сучасні підходи до вирішення конфліктів в умовах війни: роль соціальної роботи в Україні

Background. The article addresses one of the most urgent and critical aspects of social work – the psychological support of children of participants in the Special Military Operation (SMO) who died in service, as well as their families. The effectiveness and resilience of this support system directly affect the success of social adaptation and psychological recovery for those who have suffered the loss of loved ones and faced tragedy. The authors have developed technologies for psychological support for families of SMO participants and veterans. Psychological support is a comprehensive process focused on the emotional recovery and adaptation of a family to new life circumstances following a loss. The primary goals of support include reducing anxiety, overcoming post-traumatic stress, and creating conditions for the psychological and social well-being of the family. The purpose of this article is to develop and systematize methods and approaches for psychological support for families of participants in the Special Military Operation (SMO), based on an analysis of international and domestic experience, to enhance the effectiveness of social and psychological support in conditions of loss and post-traumatic stress. Research materials. Scientific articles and studies dedicated to psychological support for children and families of military personnel who have experienced loss, with an emphasis on traumatic stress, grief, and recovery; guidelines and practices concerning cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other psychotherapeutic approaches applied to children and adolescents in stressful situations; regulatory documents and legislative acts governing support for veterans and their families, including international experience in working with families of deceased military personnel; psychological tools and support algorithms developed in international and domestic practice for working with families who have lost relatives in military service. Research methods. Literature analysis – study and systematization of scientific works and publications on the topic of psychological support for military families, as well as adaptation of foreign experience to Russian practice. Comparative analysis — comparison of various approaches and algorithms for psychological assistance to children and families of deceased combatants to identify the most effective practices. Modeling — development of psychological support technologies based on the collected data, taking into account the specifics of working with children and families of military personnel. Analysis of regulatory documents – study of legal acts concerning social and psychological support for the families of deceased military personnel. To achieve the objectives, a literature analysis was conducted on the topic of psychological support for military families, including foreign studies, as well as a comparative analysis of various support approaches and algorithms. An overview of regulatory documents governing issues of social and psychological support for families of deceased military personnel in Russia and abroad was also carried out. Results. An analysis of effective methods of psychological assistance was conducted. The study identified the most effective methods of psychological support for children and their families in conditions of loss. Approaches aimed at addressing post-traumatic stress and grief were found to be particularly effective. In particular, methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), emotional support techniques, and programs focused on reducing anxiety proved especially effective in restoring the psycho-emotional state of children and aiding their adaptation. The study also examined existing approaches to psychological assistance for military families, which were adapted to the specific needs of families of deceased SMO participants. The most effective forms of support were identified, including both individual and group methods that provide comprehensive emotional support to children and their families. The study confirmed the need for an integrated approach involving specialists from various fields: psychologists, social workers, educators, and medical professionals. This ensures more complete and effective support for children and their families, improves coordination between services, and thus enhances the quality of psychological assistance. An important result of the work was the identification of the need for an individualized approach to psychological assistance. Recommendations were developed for individualized support planning, taking into account the child’s age, specific experience of loss, and social environment. Based on the results of the study, practical recommendations were developed for the implementation of state programs for psychological and social support for the families of SMO participants, veterans, and deceased military personnel. EDN: UQGLYI

The relevance of the investigated problem lies in the need to provide primary psychological assistance to military personnel and other victims of the Russo-Ukrainian war at its current stage, because psychological problems are occurring in an increasing number of people, in particular in the territory of Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia. The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics and stages of providing psychological assistance, as well as consultations to victims of the war, primarily to the populations of Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia, which are located within the war zone. In the course of the research, a set of methods was used, namely analytical, graphic and synthesis methods. The main results of the conducted research should be considered the established features of providing assistance to the affected part of the population, which was at the epicentre of combat events in the Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts, as well as specific actions that prevent the deterioration of a person’s psychological state during the war. Identified were the factors needed to provide psychological assistance for thevarious population specifics, taking into account aspecvts such as gender, age, as well as the person’s degree of psychological deterioration. The practical significance of the results of this academic paper lies in the development of an algorithm of actions for providing psychological assistance to Ukrainians during the state of war in the country, as well as conducting the necessary actions and consultations to improve the psychological state of the population affected by the war from specific cities. The results of the study can be used as an example to provide consultations and conduct to the population of other regions of Ukraine and beyond in real time. In addition, the results can be a helpful tool for establishing recommendations for improving mental health in conditions of war.

Introduction: The socio-humanitarian space of any country is the centre of the formation, development and functioning of certain specific systems of ideas, values, myths and ideals that affect the consciousness and worldview of the adult and minor population. Violation of the system of ideas, values, myths and ideals not only affects the change of political orientations but also causes significant differences in emotional and behavioural reactions, in value systems, worldview, and in self-perception. Thus, the military invasion that began in Ukraine in 2022 has changed not just the course of history, but also the internal mechanisms of educational influence on the developing personality. Currently, transformations of the archetypes of Ukrainian education and Ukrainian psychology, including special psychology, are taking place. New areas of research are becoming a priority, in particular those that help preserve mental health of an individual. In modern scientific works of Ukrainian special psychology, a trend can be identified, highlighting the need to form emotional intelligence and the emotional-volitional sphere as the most important components of an individual with special educational needs. Method: The work used general scientific theoretical methods and empirical methods (observation, interviews, surveys, questionnaires, history taking) to ensure reliability of results and conclusions. The study involved 262 children with special educational needs: 73 preschool children (39 girls; 34 boys), 89 school-age children (51 girls; 38 boys) and 100 adolescents (52 girls; 48 boys). The group of children with special educational needs consisted of individuals with sensory and speech disorders, intellectual disabilities, and combined disorders of diverse origins. Psychodiagnostics was carried out in special preschool institutions, schools of I–III levels, boarding schools, rehabilitation centres in the cities of Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Lviv, Dnipro, Odessa, as well as in regional rehabilitation centres in the cities of Chernivtsi and Bila Tserkva. The purpose was to identify general trends that exist in modern pedagogical and psychological education of children with special educational needs. A survey was also conducted among educators – 129 people (pedagogues, psychologists, social workers, teachers). The results are presented in such scientific areas as: the state of development of emotional intelligence in children with special educational needs under war conditions (according to the nosological principle and age criterion); the level and state of basic life competencies, in particular emotional and social; priority archetypes according to the age criterion, problems of the emotional sphere in persons with special educational needs under conditions of social crisis in Ukraine. Conclusions: Diagnostics of emotional intelligence is a complex area in working with children with special educational needs. However, it is the study of the emotional and behavioural sphere that helps psychologists identify gaps in upbringing in the family, demonstrates the main archetypes represented by the family, society, and state. The research conducted makes it possible to follow the main trends in Ukrainian special psychology and implement high-quality psychological support, in accordance with the established social changes and the war that is currently taking place in Ukraine.

Abstract. The study aimed to develop a model of adequate and timely psychological support for older people affected by military actions. The study showed that the examined are generally quite adaptable. So, the 60 - 74 age group was more flexible than the >75 age group. The analysis of the survey results of the older age group has indicated significant problems with professional training and staffing of medical and social assistance for the older people in the conditions that developed after the liberation of some Ukrainian territories and the country as a whole. The thematic training course in the medical and social staff training programs will improve the professional level of specialists in caring for older people, volunteers and family members. The online platform helps older people reduce their psychological burden and helps solve social and economic isolation problems as much as possible. A model of psychological support to older people in war conditions has been developed using a specialised online platform. The platform was created for online information and specialist consultations regarding the crisis in which older people found themselves during the war. _________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: older people in war conditions; psychological state; psychological support model

Patients with CRF usually progress through different stages before they reach ESRD and require special medical, social and psychological care and support during the pre-ESRD and following renal replacement therapy (RRT). Early referral of patients with CRF has the advantage of receiving adequate management and regular followup, with significant reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, attending an education program, prepared psychologically, participate in the decision of type of RRT, preemptive kidney transplantation, early creation of dialysis access, and adequate training in selected modality of RRT. During the early stages of commencement of RRT, psychological support and social care with rehabilitation program are mandatory. The degree of involvement and interaction must be individualized according to the needs of patient and type of RRT. A multidisciplinary team is crucial for implementation of a variety of strategies to help staff intervene more effectively in meeting the care needs of CRF patients.

The article proposes a systemic model of social work in the community under the conditions of implementation of the reform of power decentralization and self-organization. The development of the model is based on many years of research on the functional role of the community and various communities in solving social and psychological problems of social work clients. Empirical studies cover a wide range of social issues, namely: adaptation and integration of forced migrants in new communities; social re-adaptation of demobilized combatants; psychological and social assistance to families and persons in difficult life circumstances; organization of social and psychological support for students with limited functional capabilities; comprehensive assistance to families in local communities; implementation of support and development programs for families raising a child with disabilities, etc. These studies prove that despite all the differences in existing client problems, the effectiveness of social work largely depends on the degree of inclusion of clients in various communities and on the attitude of society or a specific community to these categories of people. On this basis, it is argued that in the conditions of the local community, the social work specialist (SWS) cannot limit his activity only to specific client requests, but must aim it to the well-being of the entire community, as an integral subject of life. Accordingly, three objects of SWS activity are distinguished - the structure of networks that exist in the community, the existing social status of families, and the social status of individuals that make up the community. For each object, a social work information support system is defined, which consists of blocks of sociological dimensions and psychological assessments, and becomes the basis for determining the content of the SWS activity. At the level of the general model, the content of the activity of the SWS is revealed through four leading components, according to each object: the purpose of the activity, the way of its implementation, the key toolkit of the work and the main empirical indicator of the effectiveness of the activity. It is proven that the activities of the SWS in the community are carried out in the form of social designing, programming of social development and planning of social activity of community members, aimed at increasing the general level of well-being and are implemented through specific measures. It is claimed that the implementation of this model leads to a change in the functional place and importance of social work in the community's life system and contributes to its formation as a basic unit of social life.

The article explores the theoretical and practical foundations of applying the case management method in social work with clients who are experiencing difficult life circumstances, specifically internally displaced persons. It presents the findings of an empirical study conducted among internally displaced families. This paper reveals the following aspects: basic provisions for organizing social work with persons who find themselves in difficult life circumstances as a result of forced displacement; features of the implementation in working with internally displaced persons: essence, models and professional requirements; аpplied aspects of using the case management method in working with internally displaced persons. The sample consisted of 15 families who are in difficult living circumstances due to forced resettlement from temporarily occupied or frontline zones of Zaporizhia, Kherson, and Donetsk regions of Ukraine and have the status of "internally displaced person." Drawing on the empirical data obtained, the article identifies the capacities of the case management method to enhance social adaptation, economic self-sufficiency, and socio-psychological stability within this client group. The following indicators of the effectiveness of case management implementation have been identified: change in subjective assessment of economic independence (the ability to independently provide for basic needs); dynamics of emotional state (reduction in anxiety, hopelessness, feeling of powerlessness); level of social activity (participation in community life, initiatives, training, employment); feeling of control over one's own life and faith in the future.

Given the current socio-economic and political challenges in Ukraine, especially during periods of crisis, social work acquires new strategic tasks. Social workers become not only providers of assistance, but also initiators of changes that contribute to the transformation of approaches to social protection. The article examines their role in crisis conditions through the application of modern methods, in particular social entrepreneurship, digital technologies and integrated support networks. The aim of the study is to identify mechanisms by which social workers become a driving force for positive changes, as well as to develop practical recommendations for improving the social protection system in times of crisis. The main attention is paid to the analysis of innovative approaches, such as social entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship and digitalization, which allow not only to provide operational assistance, but also to create the prerequisites for the long-term restoration of social infrastructure. The international experience of social workers in crisis conditions and its possibilities for adaptation in the Ukrainian context are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to such aspects as crisis counseling, social integration, human rights protection and psychological support. The main challenges faced by social work professionals are identified, including professional burnout, limited resources and problems of interaction between the state and non-state sectors. The article suggests ways to improve social work in conditions of instability and formulates practical recommendations for increasing its effectiveness.

Given the extreme importance of medical care for public health, resolving conflict situations in medical institutions becomes an urgent need. An important component of the conflict management strategy in the medical field is not only the resolution of conflicts that have already arisen but also their anticipation and prevention. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement a system for early detection of conflicts, improve the communication skills of medical staff, as well as improve the system of personnel management and allocation of resources in medical institutions.The purpose of the research is to study the opinion of the heads of health care institutions of the Chernivtsi region regarding the frequency of conflicts in medical teams and the participation of the head in a conflict situation.Material and methods. With the use of statistical and medical-epidemiological methods, an analysis of anonymous questionnaires of 48 medical managers and 1146 patients was carried out in order to study the correlation relationship (Kramer coefficient) of conflict situations with the efficiency of the work of health care institutions.Results and discussion. It was established that conflicts periodically arise among medical workers, according to 47.2% - 60.6% of respondents of all age categories, and very often - according to 15.2% of people aged 36-55, 17.7% of responses of people 18- 35 years old and 22.85 people aged 56 years and older. Persons aged 36-55 years and 56 years and older take the most active part in the conflict (52.8-58.3% of responses), while persons aged 18-35 years are quite often passive observers (37.5%) and do not participate in conflicts (25.0%).The obtained results confirmed the need to develop and implement scientifically based preventive methods in order to improve the organization of the process of prevention and management of medical conflicts at the regional level, and their further implementation in the work of medical institutions.Conclusions. Therefore, in today's world, where attitudes towards medical care and demands for it are constantly growing, conflict resolution in medical institutions is an urgent need. The urgency of the problem of conflicts in the medical field must be understood and appropriate attention and resources must be given to it to ensure the effective functioning of medical institutions and high quality of medical care.

BackgroundOncology care is a complex, multidisciplinary process requiring coordinated collaboration among various healthcare professionals. The role of the Oncology Care Coordinator (OCC) has gained prominence as a key component in enhancing the quality and efficiency of cancer care. Coordinators assist patients in navigating the healthcare system, provide emotional support, and help minimize delays in diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of professional competencies among oncology care coordinators working within the Polish healthcare system. The study assessed self-perceived proficiency across ten key domains and examined the relationships between these competencies and sociodemographic factors such as education level and work experience.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional, quantitative study using a custom-designed self-assessment questionnaire (OCCCSAQ). Participants included a total of 300 coordinators from various healthcare institutions across Poland. The questionnaire measured competencies in communication, work organization, patient education, psychological support, knowledge of procedures and law, stress management, digital literacy, and conflict resolution. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations).ResultsThe highest-rated competencies were interpersonal communication (M = 8.7), psychological support (M = 8.6), and both work organization and patient education (M = 8.5). The lowest-rated were legal knowledge (M = 7.2) and stress management (M = 7.5). Education level significantly influenced perceived competence, with higher-educated coordinators scoring better in procedural knowledge, digital systems, and conflict resolution. Experience positively affected knowledge of procedures and law, but not stress management.ConclusionsOncology care coordinators demonstrated high competence in key areas of patient interaction and care coordination. However, there are gaps in legal knowledge and stress management that should be addressed through targeted training. Specialized roles — for example, focusing on patient education or psychological support — may also enhance service quality and job performance.

Метою написання статті є дослідження інституційного забезпечення соціальної сфери України в умовах війни. Доведено, що особливу роль у діяльності державних та недержавних організацій, які реалізують соціальний напрямок держаної діяльності відіграє інституційне забезпечення соціальної сфери. Встановлено основні результати функціонування системи інституційного регулювання, серед надійність соціально-економічної підтримки осіб з інвалідністю, тимчасово переселених осіб та ін., залучення їх у сферу трудових відносин, зняття соціальної напруги в країні шляхом забезпечення їх роботою. Це зумовлює часткове задоволення індивідуальних потреб інвалідів із різними захворюваннями на виробництві, тимчасово переселених осіб та ін. Для удосконалення та узгодженості діяльності соціальних служб запропоновано забезпечити прозоре функціонування інституцій в межах усіх територіальних рівнів; забезпечити координацію багаторівневої системи формування та реалізації державної політики у соціальній сфері, по суті, формування нової інституційної моделі, яка має забезпечити живий набір інструментів з врахуванням децентралізації та повноважень державної/місцевої влади. Обґрунтовано важливість створення та практичну діяльність мультидисциплінарних мобільних команд для ВПО в умовах воєнного стану. Досліджено діяльність обласних соціальних центрів. Для вдосконалення діяльності соціальних служб запропоновано: підвищення заробітної плати працівників соціальних служб; перегляд штату соціальних служб з погляду якості надання їх послуг; застосування інформаційні технології в діяльності соціальних служб; запровадження нових актуальних напрямів роботи соціальних служб в умовах війни; забезпечення децентралізації діяльності соціальних служб; стимулювання співробітництва сусідніх територіальних громад; стимулювання транскордонного співробітництва прикордонних територіальних громад; перегляд можливостей співробітництва соціальних служб з громадськими, донорськими та міжнародними організаціями. В процесі написання статті використано ряд загальнонаукових та спеціальних методів дослідження. Зокрема для дослідження основних функцій мультидисциплінарної мобільної команди використано метод аналізу і синтезу. Індуктивний та дедуктивний методи використано для дослідження структури інституційного забезпечення соціальної сфери України.

The article examines the main aspects of the influence of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the development of social work with veterans in the context of the emergence of innovative directions of social work with veterans and types of social work that arose from the Russian-Ukrainian war. A theoretical analysis of scientific sources and monitoring of official websites of state institutions was carried out, as a result of which the main aspects of changes that took place in social work with veterans during the RussianUkrainian war were highlighted. The results of the research, which was carried out in the form of a questionnaire using a Google form, are presented. The results of the study convince us that the needs of veterans have a social, physiological, personal, psychological and legal meaning, which serves as a basis for developing areas of social work with veterans and types of social work. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main changes in social work with veterans in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war and to develop innovative directions of social work with veterans and types of social work in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The main tasks are outlined as follows: to analyze the main changes in social work with veterans in the context of the conflict and justify their significance for society; to investigate the needs of veterans, which is the basis for determining the directions of social work; to develop areas of social work with veterans and types of social work that arose from the Russian-Ukrainian war. Achieving the set goal and solving the research tasks was carried out with the help of theoretical and empirical research methods. The conclusions confirm that the Russian-Ukrainian war became a catalyst for significant changes in social work with veterans. Legislative initiatives, medical programs, support for entrepreneurship and psychological assistance – all this has become an integral part of the system of social protection for veterans. These changes not only improve the living conditions of veterans, but also contribute to the formation of a more sensitive and responsible society that recognizes the value and contribution of its defenders.

BackgroundIn Taiwan, more than 90% of persons with dementia who live at home are cared for by family caregivers. According to previous researches, family caregivers of dementia have a higher level of burden than almost all other diseases of old age. In addition, due to the different courses of dementia in each stage, coupled with the complexity of its problems, persons with different stages of dementia have different care demands. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the care management needs of family caregivers caring for persons with dementia at different stages.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted. Of the 250 family caregivers of persons with dementia were included. The Care Management Needs Scale (CMNS) was used to measure the care management needs of family caregivers, which is divided into six dimensions of needs (care service, psychological support, immediate information, anticipated information, referral and tracking of long‐term care resources, and individual case management service). The severity of dementia was determined by a neurologist using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale.ResultFrom very mild dementia to severe dementia, the dimension with the highest needs at each stage are individual case management service, immediate information, referral and tracking of long‐term care resources, and care service, respectively. The overall needs, care service and psychological support in moderate dementia are significantly higher than very mild dementia. According to the needs of each item, the three highest needs are related to the dimension of immediate information and individual case management service in very mild dementia and mild dementia; in the case of moderate to severe dementia, care service began to appear in the three highest needs.ConclusionThe study concluded that different stages of dementia have different care management needs. When moderate dementia (CDR = 2.0), the need for care services will begin to increase. The findings suggest that care management should be provided for different stages of dementia. This study’s results provide a knowledge base for designing dementia stage‐specific care management in clinical practice and developing community‐based, long‐term care systems for family caregivers of persons with dementia.

Aim: To characterize innovative educational technologies of health-preserving in the professional training of higher education students in Ukraine in the conditions of war. Materials and Methods: In the research process, a group of methods was used: theoretical (specific research) - analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem to systematize and generalize facts, information, materials on the researched problem and determine the essence of the main concepts; іn the research process, a group of methods was used: theoretical (specific research) - analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem to systematize and generalize facts, information, materials on the researched problem and determine the essence of the main concepts. Results: Amid russian aggression, Ukrainian students are facing challenges that impact not only the educational process but also their psycho-emotional well-being. The war has significantly increased stress levels, instability, and psychological pressure on students who are forced to study under constant threat. In this context, innovative health-preserving educational technologies are becoming increasingly vital for supporting students' physical and mental health, as well as ensuring the continuity of their professional training during wartime. Conclusions: Post-traumatic stress disorder poses a significant threat to the mental health of students. The phenomenon of collective trauma has recently been intensified by the ongoing war. Supporting individuals' mental health is a key priority of public policy, particularly within the higher education system. Modern approaches to the educational process in universities, with an emphasis on health preservation, involve a variety of innovative methods and technologies that help students adapt to wartime conditions, care for their mental well-being, maintain resilience, and cope with stress. A distinctive feature of these efforts is large-scale educational outreach, not only among students and faculty but also among the wider public.

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study </em></strong><em>is to identify the main problems that complicate the role of social communications in confronting the challenges of the full-scale russian-ukrainian war and to propose ways to solve them in order to build a stable and harmonious society.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> Using the method of critical analysis, the role of social communications in confronting the challenges of the war with russia was analyzed and their importance for building a stable and harmonious society was determined. In the process of information synthesis, the problems that complicate social communications during the war are highlighted. Recommendations for solving these problems were developed using the methods of induction and deduction.</em></p><p><strong><em>The results.</em></strong><em> The article is devoted to the coverage and analysis of the role of social communications in confronting the challenges of the russian-ukrainian war. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for balanced information and support of citizens, as well as the need to fight disinformation and other challenges of war.</em></p><p><em>According to the results of the study, it was established that social communications play a critical role in confronting the challenges of the war in Ukraine. They create an information base, promote mobilization, shape public opinion, and psychologically support citizens and the military. At the same time, social communications are complicated by a number of problems, such as disinformation and fakes, censorship and restrictions on freedom of speech, psychological pressure and threats to journalists and activists, information overload, lack of access to information for certain population groups. Solving these problems requires increasing the level of media literacy of the population, protecting journalists and activists, developing independent mass media and hybrid media, encouraging transparency, and involving the international community.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The study reveals the complex problems of using social communications in confronting the challenges of the war in Ukraine, and also provides specific recommendations for overcoming these problems in the process of building a stable and harmonious society.</em></p><p><strong><em>The practical significance</em></strong><em> of the research lies in the possibility of applying the obtained results to improve the effectiveness of social communications in the conditions of war in Ukraine, strengthening public order and national unity.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words:</em></strong><em> social communications, communication trends, social networks, fakes, media literacy.</em></p>