Состояние популяций, запасов и промысла раков в водоемах Алтайского края в период 2010-2021 годов

Gammarids are a type of biological resources, the exploitation of which in Western Siberia has been successfully continuing for the second century. The catch of gammarids per unit area, the dynamics of biomass and their ratio in the lakes of the Kurgan region in the period 2000-2022 are considered. The trend of decline in commercial stocks of gammarids in recent years (2019-2022) compared with the period 2000-2015 is traced, the dynamics of catch is presented. The possibility of the impact of fishing on the reduction of stocks is discussed, it is proposed to change the procedure for submitting forecasts of the recommended catch of gammarids in inland waters in order to preserve and long-term operation of their stocks.

BackgroundVeterinary studies describing acute kidney injury (AKI) management using renal replacement therapy (RRT) are limited and have primarily focused on intermittent haemodialysis in North American populations. European data are lacking, although differences in populations, pathogen and toxin exposure and RRT modalities may exist between Europe and North America. The present study reviewed RRT-managed cases from the intensive care unit (ICU) of VetAgro Sup, Lyon, France, for the period 2012–2015. The aims were to describe a 4-h RRT protocol of intermittent low efficiency haemodiafiltration, population characteristics and outcomes in canine AKI cases requiring RRT and to identify prognostic variables. We defined DeltaCreat/h as the difference between the serum creatinine level after RRT treatment N and that before treatment N + 1 divided by the time between treatments (in hours).ResultsThirty-nine dogs were included, and 67% were males. The median (range) age, weight, hospitalization length and number of RRT treatments were 4.4 (0.25–15) years, 26.6 (6.7–69) kg, 8 (1–23) days and 3 (1–8) treatments, respectively. The main AKI causes were leptospirosis (74.4%) and nephrotoxins (15.4%). Age (4.0 vs 5.4 years; P = 0.04), admission urine output (0.5 mL/kg/h vs 0 mL/kg/h; P = 0.02) and hospitalization length (10 vs 4 days; P < 0.001) differed between survivors and non-survivors. Hospitalization length [odds ratio (OR) = 0.4], number of treatments (OR = 5.1), serum potassium level on day 2 (OR = 1.9), DeltaCreat/h between the first and second treatments (OR = 1.2), and UOP during hospitalization (OR = 0.2) were correlated with outcome. The main causes of death were euthanasia (44%) and haemorrhagic diatheses (33%). The overall survival rate was 54%, with 55% of survivors discharged with a median creatinine < 240 µmol/L.ConclusionsThis is the first description in the veterinary literature of a 4-h protocol of intermittent low efficiency haemodiafiltration to provide RRT in a veterinary critical care unit. While this protocol appears promising, the clinical application of this protocol requires further investigation. Among parameters associated with survival, UOP and DeltaCreat/h between the first and second RRT treatments may be prognostic indicators. The applicability of these parameters to other populations is unknown, and further international, multicentre prospective studies are warranted to confirm these preliminary observations.

Monitoring temporal changes of aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks distribution in subtropical thicket is key to understanding the role of vegetation in carbon sequestration. The main objectives of this research paper were to model and quantify the temporal changes of AGC stocks between 1972 and 2010 in the Great Fish River Nature Reserve and its environs, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. We used a method based on the integration of remote sensing and geographical information systems to estimate AGC stocks in a time series framework. A non-linear regression model was developed using Normalised Difference Vegetation Index values generated from SPOT 5 High Resolution Geometric satellite imagery of 2010 as an independent variable and AGC stock estimates from field plots as the dependent variable. The regression model was used to estimate AGC stocks from satellite imagery for 1972 (Landsat TM), 1982 (Landsat 4 TM), 1992 (Landsat 7 ETM), 2002 (Landsat ETM+) and 2010 (SPOT 5) satellite imagery. AGC stocks for the respective years were compared by means of change detection analysis at the subtropical thicket class level. The results showed a decline of AGC stocks in all the classes from 1972 to 2010. Degraded and transformed thicket classes had the highest AGC stock losses. The decline of AGC stocks was attributed to thicket transformation and degradation, which were attributed to anthropogenic activities.

Capture fisheries are in crisis. Documents and figures on the state of global fisheries that have appeared since the 1990s point out a strongly negative trend, with three related components. The first is the decline or collapse of fish stocks, the world over. The degradation of aquatic ecosystems is reflected in the levelling off of the total world catch in the 1990s (FAO 2002a), and in the declining catches of individual fishers. The second component of crisis is fishing overcapacity. There are simply too many vessels and too many people fishing. Their aggregate activity is the main cause of the collapse of fish stocks. The third aspect of crisis relates to management. Despite signals that things were going terribly wrong, fisheries managers have been unable to reverse the trend. Thus, the foundations of fisheries management theory and practice have been called into question.

The Barents Sea capelin is a major forage species for many apex predators, for example, fish, marine mammals, sea birds, and man. The fishery for Barents Sea capelin increased exponentially in the early 1970s with the demise of the Atlanto-Scandian herring fishery along the Norwegian coast. The collapse of the herring spawning-stock resulted in the disappearance of young herring from the southern Barents Sea and the diet of the larger (ca. 3+ ages), piscivorous cod. Since then the only major dietary alternative for these larger cod has been capelin. The over-all trend in the biomass of the Barents Sea cod. however, has been one of decline since the late 1940s. As there was a marked decrease in the biomass of the 3+ ages of cod from ca. 3 • 106 tonnes to ca. 1 • 106 tonnes from 1974 to 1983, this would have simultaneously caused a great reduction in the predation pressure from cod on the capelin. The Barents Sea capelin is an r-strategist. Its weight-at-age is inversely related to population size, and thus the number of cohorts and subsequently age-at-maturity are positively related to population size. Principal components analysis (PCA) indicates that the biomass of 2+ ages of capelin and population characteristics already exhibited a declining trend from about 1975, despite a declining cod stock. Coupling of independent Russian and Norwegian data clearly shows that the percentage occurrence of prawns in the stomach of 3+ cod increased disproportionately from the mid-1970s despite a decrease in the cod biomass, probably indicating a lack of capelin as primary-choice prey. The nominal capelin catch between 1978 and 1983 is probably an unreliable estimate of fishing mortality. A drastic decline in the capelin stock occurred after 1983/1984, with marked predation from the potentially strong 1983 cod year-class. The capelin, as an r-strategist, is very difficult to manage in the fluctuating biological and climatic environment of the Barents Sea. Fisheries for capelin should be limited within the framework of multispecies perspectives, with much of its production being primarily used to sustain an elevated long-term yield of cod.

Characteristics of bicycle crashes in an adolescent population in Flanders (Belgium)

The object of the study is the demographic security of the Russian border region. The article presents brief results of a statistical study conducted in the Altai Territory, a typical subsidized region of Russian society. The subject of the study was the social mechanisms of depopulation trends of human capital, namely, the birth rate, mortality and features of the migration decline of the region's population. The study was conducted on the territory of the Altai Territory, which is a border region and is significantly influenced by external factors on its demographic situation. The results of the study can be used to develop effective measures to stimulate fertility and reduce mortality, as well as to develop and implement measures to improve the demographic situation in the region and in other regions of Russia with similar problems. The research methodology is based on a multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis, including structural, functional, demographic approaches in combination with a secondary statistical analysis of the main reproductive indicators of the region's population. The novelty of the study lies in the description of the territorial specifics of negative trends in one of the border regions of the country in theoretical comparison with national and global trends. Regional trends in fertility decline, fluctuations in the mortality rate, features and causes of the processes of migration loss of the population of the Altai Territory are described. Conclusions are drawn that demographic security is the main factor in the sustainable development of society and the state. Modern regional and all-Russian social policy should be aimed not only at analyzing the risks associated with demographic changes, but also at minimizing their negative consequences. Trends in the field of fertility, mortality, and migration of the population of the Altai Territory indicate its accelerated depopulation. Timely innovative scientifically based approaches are needed to form an integrated policy aimed at strengthening the demographic security of the Russian region.

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiovascular disease present in one in 500 of the general population, and it is main cause of sudden death in young people. The presence of myocardial fibrosis in HCM is very common (more than 2/3 of patients), and its identification by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) helps the diagnosis and it is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and worse prognosis. The aim of our study was to find CMR characteristics that are related to the presence and burden of myocardial fibrosis by CMR in HCM. Methods We evaluated 115 consecutive HCM patients who underwent cardiac MRI and analyzed both the presence/ absence of myocardial fibrosis (LGE) and also its magnitude (estimated as absolute mass of myocardial fibrosis in grams and normalized to LV mass as percentage of LV myocardial mass) with other morphological and functional factors as well as population characteristics. Patients with a history of acute myocardial infarction as well as other cardiomyopathies that could present late enhancement were excluded. Results The mean age was 46.6 ± 16.1 yo, 77% male. Eighty patients (70%) had myocardial fibrosis in cardiac MRI. Patients with myocardial fibrosis had lower ejection fraction of the left ventricle (68.8 vs. 74.6 ± 0.1%, p = 0.011), higher end-systolic volume (45 ± 24 [23 ± 11] vs. 33 ± 12 [18 ± 5] ml [ml/m2], p = 0.027 [p = 0.041]), greater maximum thickness of the ventricular wall (21.9 ± 5.2 vs. 16.4 ± 2.8 mm, p < 0.001) and increased left ventricular mass (192.8 ± 58.1 [98.5 ± 27.0] vs. 157.5 ± 50.4 [82.8 ± 21.5] g[g/m2], p < 0.001 [p = 0.001]). In a logistic regression analysis, only ejection fraction (p = 0.034) and maximum wall thickness (p < 0.001) were independently associated with the presence of fibrosis. Among those with myocardial fibrosis, a greater mass of fibrosis correlated with a lower ejection fraction (r = -0.42, p = 0.003), lower end-systolic volumes (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), greater maximum thickness wall (r = 0.28, p = 0.024) and increased left ventricular mass (r = 0.35, p = 0.017). On the multivariate analysis, only the stroke volume (p < 0.001) and maximum thickness (p = 0.020) were correlated with the mass of myocardial fibrosis. However, when we analyzed the burden of fibrosis in relation to left ventricular mass (percentage of fibrosis) only greater end-systolic volume was independently associated with a higher percentage of fibrosis (r = 0.48, p < 0.001). Conclusions The presence of myocardial fibrosis in patients with HCM is independently related to lower ejection fraction and higher maximum thickness of the ventricular wall. The burden of fibrosis correlated independently with a higher maximum wall thickness (mass of fibrosis) and lower end-systolic volume (mass and percentage of fibrosis).

Ruxolitinib in Refractory Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Multi-Center Survey Study

Understanding and predicting dynamic change of algae population in freshwater reservoirs is particularly important, as algae‐releasing cyanotoxins are carcinogens that would affect the health of public. However, the high complex nonlinearity of water variables and their interactions makes it difficult to model the growth of algae species. Recently, support vector machine (SVM) was reported to have advantages of only requiring a small amount of samples, high degree of prediction accuracy, and long prediction period to solve the nonlinear problems. In this study, the SVM‐based prediction and forecast models for phytoplankton abundance in Macau Storage Reservoir (MSR) are proposed, in which the water parameters of pH, SiO2, alkalinity, bicarbonate (HCO3 −), dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), UV254, turbidity, conductivity, nitrate, total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate (PO4 3−), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solid (SS) and total organic carbon (TOC) selected from the correlation analysis of the 23 monthly water variables were included, with 8‐year (2001–2008) data for training and the most recent 3 years (2009–2011) for testing. The modeling results showed that the prediction and forecast powers were estimated as approximately 0.76 and 0.86, respectively, showing that the SVM is an effective new way that can be used for monitoring algal bloom in drinking water storage reservoir.

This article analyzes the problems of monitoring and managing the socio-economic situation. The analysis of the socio-economic situation involves the determination of the quantitative characteristics of the dynamic series, the trend of growth, decline or stabilization, the identification of causal factors, in specific territories and for different groups. The criterion of fuzzy controllability was obtained to solve the problem of forecasting and controlling the socio-economic situation. A mathematical model and algorithm for solving the task of monitoring and managing the socio-economic situation based on interval mathematics and their software implementation are described. The social effect will be expressed in improving the safety of people’s lives. As a result, it will be possible to carry out preventive measures in the necessary territories.

INTRODUCTION Despite the progress in cardiology in recent years, cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain the main cause of death in European countries. The knowledge concerning the structure of hospital admissions for CV diseases and clinical outcomes is fragmentary. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics and outcome of patients with CV disease, hospitalized between 2006 and 2014 and included in the Silesian Cardiovascular Database (SILCARD) covering a population of 4.6 million patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS SILCARD is based on the data from the Regional Department of the National Health Fund in Poland. The enrollment criteria were any hospitalization at a department of cardiology, cardiac surgery, diabetology or vascular surgery and hospitalization with a cardiovascular diagnosis at a department of internal medicine or intensive care. The data come from 310 hospital departments and 1863 outpatient clinics, and contain information on 487 518 patients and 956 634 hospitalizations. RESULTS Heart failure (20%) and stable coronary artery disease (18.5%) were the most frequent primary causes of hospitalization. The number of hospitalizations due to heart failure, aortic stenosis, and pulmonary embolism significantly increased. The highest 12‑month mortality was reported in patients with heart failure and pulmonary embolism (>30%). A decrease in 12‑month mortality in patients with heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation was noted, although for some disease entities, it remained relatively high. CONCLUSIONS Between the years 2006 and 2014, in‑hospital and 12‑month mortality showed a trend for decline in many disease entities, with considerable space for prognostic improvement.

With the increase of composite insulators operating years in the grid, the ageing of the silicone rubber materials become a hot research topic. Artificial ageing tests are wildly used methods to assess the long-term operating performance of composite insulators in short time. Salt fog ageing test is an effective method of artificial accelerated ageing test. The 2000h salt fog ageing test for composite insulators was carried out in this paper. Silicone rubber sample was cut from umbrella skirt for thermal stimulation current (TSC) test. Test results showed that with the increase of salt fog aging time, the peak current and trap charge of silicone rubber materials increased, while trap level showed a trend of decline at the early stage of aging, and a rising trend in the later stage of aging. It can be inferred that the charged particles bombardment produced by corona discharge may be the main cause of the change of the surface trap charge and the trap level of the silicone rubber materials.

We present a synthesis of all sampling programs aimed at collection of ichthyoplankton conducted in coastal waters of eastern Newfoundland during the period 1982–2016, describing seasonal patterns in the succession of 22 taxa in terms of diversity, probability of occurrence, and overall abundance. Additionally, we assess whether changes in these patterns occurred prior to and after the collapse of major commercial fish stocks and accompanying shifts in ecosystem structure. Despite differences in relative species composition and community structure among bays, we identified clear and repeatable patterns in the seasonal cycle of species succession from Placentia Bay, on the south coast, to White Bay on the northeastern coast of the island. Some of the differences among bays reflected latitudinal patterns in the timing of the seasonal environmental cycle, with increasing delays toward northerly bays. Relatively few species generally dominated the larval fish community, although dominance varied seasonally, particularly once emergence of capelin commenced in July and August. Abundance of larval fish reflected the changes in abundance of adult stocks of commercial species, with strong declines in density following stock collapses, but larval decreases extended to non-commercial coastal taxa potentially removed as bycatch or through impacts of changes in ocean conditions that contributed to the decline of major ecosystem stocks (e.g., Atlantic cod, capelin, American plaice). Although differences in timing and extent of ichthyoplankton collections confounded our data, the general consistency of our observations with other sources of information (e.g., research vessel trawl surveys) highlights the value of such collections to monitoring of areas poorly represented by other types of surveys. Knowledge of changes in larval fish community structure in coastal areas can set a foundation to understand better the potential interaction between anthropogenic and climate impacts on the ecosystem state in coastal areas.

At the La Grande hydroelectric complex (Quebec, Canada), total mercury concentrations were measured in more than 25 000 fish over a 20-year period. Fish population characteristics, such as fishing yield, growth rate, condition factor, and recruitment, were also monitored. In reservoirs, total mercury concentrations in all species increased rapidly after impoundment, peaking after 4 to 9 years in nonpiscivorous fish and after 9 to 11 years in piscivorous species, at levels three to seven times those measured in surrounding natural lakes, then declined gradually and significantly. Despite this increase, most species showed increases in fishing yields (by factors ranging from 2 to 8), growth rates, and condition factors (for more than a decade). The percentage of small specimens of the main species was generally maintained or increased in the first years after flooding, indicating good recruitment.