Психологические особенности потенциальной виктимности курсантов (на примере курсантов образовательных организаций ФСИН России)

Introduction. The successful functioning of the cadet training unit is directly related to the management of their team members. Achievement of good performance is also ensured through the tutorial work of the deputy platoon commander, selected from the ranks of the cadets. The activity of the deputy platoon commander and the necessity for certain personal qualities in it are influenced by the specifics of the departmental university, the duality of the position in the hierarchy of service, some socio-psychological characteristics of students and their personal qualities. Research purpose: to identify a set of psychological characteristics that improve the effectiveness of deputy platoon commanders of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia based on the assessments of the qualified experts. Theoretical framework of the study is a review of publications devoted to the issues of professionally significant qualities and training of junior commanders in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Federal Drug Control Service of Russia, Ministry of Defense of Russia, as well as related studies concerning deputy platoon commanders of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey on two blanks was used to identify the psychological characteristics of deputy platoon commanders. The total sample of respondents was 362 individuals (22 individuals were employees of training and combat units of faculties, 49 participants were deputy platoon commanders, and 291 participants were cadets). The result of the study is a description of the deputy platoon commander training in educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia by the following characteristic: a responsible leader with well-developed communicative skills, characterized by diligence, stress resistance in a conflict, self-confidence, disciplining and justice. Thus, a number of psychological qualities are typical for a junior commander of a departmental university, which include responsibility, leadership qualities, communication skills, self-confidence, and disciplining. Key qualities for a deputy platoon commander of an educational organization of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are stress resistance in a conflict and justice.

This article presents the results of an empirical study of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of primary training for service and training. The purpose of the study is to study the structure of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of primary training for service and training. Hypotheses of research - 1. The structure of the intellectual and personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia who are at the stage of preparation for service and training is heterogeneous and varies depending on the chosen specialty. 2. Against the backdrop of qualitative heterogeneity of the intellectual-personal potential of future specialists of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, there are also level differences between the specialties. The study involved 275 cadets who took the course of a young soldier (primary training for service and training) at the country's training center of the Academy of the Federal Penal Agency of Russia.

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The article actualizes the importance of the personality of an employee of the penitentiary system in the correction of a person serving a sentence for illegal actions. The role of the ethical responsibility of an employee of the penal system in inclusion in a system of relations where moral requirements-models prevail over requirements-prohibitions is substantiated. An interpretation of the concept of ethical responsibility of a cadet of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is proposed. The necessity of using the scientific approach as a multi-level toolkit for the formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets is proved. The possibility of using a departmental university as a scientific approach to the formation of ethical responsibility of cadets of the contextual approach in the educational process is substantiated. Theoretical aspects of contextual education are revealed, which served as a source of a contextual approach to solving various problems in the field of vocational education. It is argued that within the framework of the problem of formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets, it is necessary to refer to the ethical context of the professional activity of an employee of the penal system, as a system of internal and external conditions for the actions and actions of an employee in a specific situation that arises in official activities, determined by (the system of) ethical standards governing the official activities of an employee penitentiary system. The purpose of the contextual approach to the formation of the ethical responsibility of cadets is substantiated, which consists in the fact that the contextual approach in the educational process of a departmental higher education institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia ensures the creation of an ethical context for the professional activities of a penitentiary officer.

The aim of this retrospective single-center continuous study was to investigate structure, characteristics and abilities to predict regional drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a therapeutic facility of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Methods . Sputum samples of all patients with newly diagnosed, recurrent or previously treated tuberculosis admitted to a tuberculosis hospital in 2007 – 2015 were cultured. Results. Data on structure and changes in primary (PDR), multiple (MDR) and broad-spectrum (BSDR) drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, secondary (SDR), MDR and BSDR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with recurrent tuberculosis are presented in the article. Proportion of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with drug resistance increased from 50.7% to 72.9%. MDR increased from 12.1% to 40.4%, and BSDR increased from 1.3% to 11.4% in this group of patients. Proportion of patients with recurrent tuberculosis and with drug resistance increased from 54.5% to 100%. In these patients, MDR increased from 41.7% to 81.3%, and BSDR increased from 4.3% to 41.7%. In patients with previously treated tuberculosis, SDR increased from 79.3% to 96.8%, MDR increased from 31.1% to 76.8%, and SBDR increased from 5.9% to 39.7%. Conclusion . A high level of PDR, growth of MDR and gradual increase in BSDR are expected. An explanation of this process is long-term treatment of chronic tuberculosis in penitentiary service that facilitates development of consistent population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with significant drug resistance.

The presented work describes the experience of using modern art therapy techniques in order to form emotional stability within the framework of psychological support for first-year cadets in educational organizations of the penal system (hereinafter referred to as the PS). The article examines the concept of emotional stability as a subject of scientific research, examines the psychological features of its formation in adolescence, describes the specifics of the educational environment of universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (hereinafter FPS), defines and describes methods of using modern art-therapeutic techniques in order to form and increase emotional stability as a basic characteristic of a person and professionally important qualities of cadets. Significant advantages of the use of art-therapeutic techniques in comparison with other psychocorrective methods are highlighted. Based on extensive theoretical and practical experience in the use of art therapy in Russia and abroad, the possibilities of using modern art therapy techniques in the work of a psychologist of educational organizations of PS are considered. The paper describes the techniques of meditative drawing (fractal drawing, zentangle), exercises combining visual creativity and music therapy ("Drawing music"), as well as the experience of using metaphorical associative maps. The main purpose of using these techniques is to form the desire for self-knowledge and self-expression, as well as the ability to work with their own feelings, emotions and moods. The accuracy and reliability of empirical research are confirmed by the theoretical and methodological validity of the initial provisions using a set of complementary, repeatedly tested in psychology psychodiagnostic techniques. According to our observations, as a result of the use of art-therapeutic techniques in the work of a psychologist of educational organizations of the PS system, it was possible to optimize the socio-psychological conditions of educational activity. In this regard, the conducted research makes it possible to use the experience gained in psychodiagnostic, psychopreventive, and consulting and psychocorrective work of psychological services of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.

The article examines the subjective factors of psychological readiness of employees of the penal system to resist manipulation. The results of an empirical study of the assertiveness of of the penal systems employees at the stage of university training and during their professional activities are presented. The psychological features of the Self-concept of employees of the penal enforcement system are shown. The study involved 75 employees of the penal correction system who study under higher education programs at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia at the Faculties of Law, Economics, and Psychology and Probation, and 70 employees of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Correctional colony No. 2» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region, who carry out their professional activities in the security department, at the center for labor adaptation of convicts, in the department of educational work with convicts. The psychodiagnostic tools selected for the study make it possible to measure and analyze those personal qualities of the respondents that ensure their psychological readiness to resist manipulation by convicts. The study used the test questionnaire "Assertiveness Research" (modified by V. Kaponi, T.Novak) and the questionnaire "Self-assessment research using the Demo-Rubinstein method" (modified by A.M.Parishioners). The directions of psychological support for the process of developing anti-manipulative behavior skills are substantiated: expanding the zone of awareness regarding one's own values and beliefs, emotions and feelings; developing emotional intelligence, the ability to manage one's emotions; developing critical thinking; strengthening self-esteem, developing internal pillars of employees.

The article presents the author’s vision of the role of public-private partnership in preventing the commission of new crimes in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia on the example of extremist crimes. The dynamics of the growth of extremist crimes in the period from 2002 to 2022 inclusive is demonstrated. The prevalence of AUE ideology in places of detention is shown. It is noted that the current trend of combating various forms of extremist manifestations is represented in a whole set of regulatory legal acts, the main of which are the federal laws «On countering extremist activity», «On the basics of the system of crime prevention in the Russian Federation», the Strategy of Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025, the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. A study of the main determinants of crimes committed on the basis of motives of hatred or enmity has been conducted. The directions of preventing the commission of new extremist crimes in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, including within the framework of public-private partnership, are presented.

Introduction: the paper investigates criminal and penal enforcement inconsistencies in the legislative regulation on the use of firearms by the staff of the penal system in their official activities. Legal details consist in the fact that we put forward scientifically substantiated proposals to reform criminal-legal and penal enforcement aspects associated with the use of firearms by employees (guns, submachine guns, rifles, which are operated by the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia). We analyze Article 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes relevant security measures. We also consider the practice of foreign countries related to this problem. Aim: to investigate the criminal-legal and penal enforcement aspects related to the use of firearms by staff of the penal system for example, in relation to convicts. Methods: we use dialectical method as methodological and theoretical basis for the study, and deductive method to analyze the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation regarding the use of firearms. We also use systematized methods to study articles of the Criminal Code and the Penal Enforcement Code. They help to classify the legal facts that establish the legal right of staff to use firearms. We use empirical methods of mastering in order to improve penal officers’ performance in the use of firearms. The article presents the results of a survey of 318 employees. Results: we have investigated the essence of criminal-legal relations in terms of the use of firearms by employees of the penal system; we have also studied the practice of implementing the norms concerning the use of firearms by law enforcement officers; we propose a theoretical model for improving criminal legislation related to the use of firearms In addition, we provide scientifically substantiated ideas and empirical studies aimed at improving criminal and penal enforcement legislation on the use of firearms. Research findings of our paper include new ideas concerning the use of firearms within the boundaries of criminal and penal enforcement legislation (we suggest that the foundations associated with the use of firearms should be contained in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). Key words: criminal legislation; penal enforcement legislation; use of firearms; legal facts; legal relations; security measures; Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia; penal enforcement system.

The article is devoted to the organization of scientific circle on the Russian language for the cadets of departmental higher educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The author substantiates the advantages of participation in the scientific circle, gives exercises aimed at forming vocabulary, stresses the need to improve language skills. As an example of exercises, assignments to the topic "Prefixes with the meaning of negation" are given. The authors come to the conclusion that when performing exercises, the students' vocabulary is enriched with words that include the most frequent international prefixes, familiarity with Latin words, and understanding of the process of borrowing words. It should be noted that participation in a scientific circle on the Russian language increases the general and cultural level of future graduates of the universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, introduces them to various linguistic phenomena, and forms speech culture. The participation of cadets in the work of the scientific circle on the Russian language makes it possible to comprehend the Russian language as the main cultural and national heritage of the country, to understand its aesthetic significance, to develop their own communication skills, to strive to comply with the language norms in professional and ordinary communication. The ability to speak correctly is a condition for the prestige of each employee individually and for the effective operation of the penitentiary system as a whole.

The dynamics, characteristics of prevalence of HIV-infection combined with tuberculosis during last 5 years were investigated on the territory of the Republic of Karelia. The sampling of 107 medical records of patients with HIV-infection combined with tuberculosis during 2001-2014 was analyzed. It is established that against the background of wide prevalence of strains of mycobacteria of tuberculosis with multiple medicinal resistance in the region (primary multiple medicinal resistance - 46.5%) occurs late diagnostic of HIV-infection combined with tuberculosis in the Republic of Karelia (IV-V stage of HIV-infection - 72.9%). This situation, along with significant annual influx of patients with combined infection from the system of Federal penitentiary service of Russia into civil sector, facilitates further prevalence of this infection on the territory of the Republic of Karelia. The revealed characteristics of social structure and prevalence of combined infection require development of special programs of accurate monitoring of risk groups including measures of social support concerning persons without fixed address and persons leaving Federal penitentiary service of Russia into civil sector. With regard to frequent addition of other consecutive infections and atypical clinical radiologic picture of tuberculosis. frequent detection of multiple medicinal resistance of mycobacteria of tuberculosis it is necessary, for accelerated etiologic diagnostic, implementing molecular genetic diagnostic (Gene X-pert) in case of suspicion of occurrence of this disease in individuals with combined pathology (tuberculosis and HIV-infection).

This article contains a description of the pedagogical process, during which a student of an educational institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is assigned the necessary moral qualities. The goals and the need for instilling social responsibility are inextricably linked with the tasks of the penal system, it is believed that a future employee of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia must meet the established requirements to achieve the goal of the service. While developing, the system needs new trained and professionally qualified personnel able to carry out their duties in conditions of risk, the presence of certain difficulties due to the specifics of this service. The presence of criteria for evaluating a cadet, and then an employee, forms the educational process, which must meet the training criteria, as well as the methods used in education. Social responsibility is a combination of not only knowledge, but also skills, leaves an imprint on both the personality and the prestige of the service, as well as other employees, therefore it is so important to pay attention to this aspect when developing a personality. Problematic issues in training cadets are equipped, components that help assess the level of social responsibility are listed. The relationship of an individual cadet with society and its strata, the influence of society on the consciousness of the individual is considered. The essence of one of the most important methods of upbringing is revealed - the method of collective responsibility, which allows you to monitor the student's performance in performing a specific task to achieve a common goal. Do not forget that a person is a link in society that functions for the common good, but if we are talking about certain statuses of a person, namely an employee of a particular state system or administration, then in this case the issue of social responsibility predetermines the attitude towards service and direct duties of the employee. It seems possible to introduce the obtained materials into guidelines for teachers, and the scientific article is analytical in nature: the results obtained also affect the psychological situation of the team and interpersonal relationships in it.

Social networks are online platforms that allow you to create social relationships between people based on their interests. The article lists the most popular social networks in Russia, identifies electronic resources in which the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia actively brings information about the professional activities of the department. The purpose of this article is to determine the need to maintain accounts in social networks of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, as well as the format of the information presented to attract public interest in the activities of the department. When writing the work, we used the statistical method (when studying and analyzing statistical data from a population survey, automatic measurement of Internet use), the method of comparative analysis (when studying data from a population survey of different age categories), the formal logical method (when formulating research conclusions), and other general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition (deduction, induction, etc.). In the course of the study, conclusions were formulated regarding the need for the use of social networks by the founder, as well as the centralization of the list of accounts in social networks on the official website of the department.

The article provides the substantiation and systematization of the basic constitutional rights and freedoms of juvenile convicts who are, by court decision, in places of confinement. First of all, the author is determined with such concepts as status, (social) status of a convicted person, and comes to the following conclusion that in the theory of law and the doctrine of criminal executive law in Russia, these concepts are presented as equivalent. In its most general form, the legal status of convicted juveniles is the position of convicts regulated by the norms of various branches of law while serving a criminal sentence of imprisonment. The foundations of the legal status of convicted juveniles are enshrined in international legal acts, such as: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and other international sources rights. Thus, under the legal status (status) of convicted juveniles, the author defines a set of legal elements (duties and rights, legitimate interests and legal restrictions) expressing the specifics and determining the content of the position of convicts while serving a sentence of imprisonment in an educational colony of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Based on the results of theoretical, methodological and empirical research, the author introduces into scientific circulation such a concept as the Educational Center of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Conclusions are drawn, and the modernized infrastructure of the Russian penal system is determined. The article was prepared in the scientific specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation: 12.00.08 - “Criminal law and criminology; penal law. The presented material in the publication does not contain information related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.

The article is devoted to the issues of conducting forensic linguistic research and forensic linguistic examinations. The history of their origin, formation and conceptual differentiation is traced, as well as the problems that researchers (experts) have to face with extremist texts in the Russian penal system. It is proposed to create a special unit at the Federal Institution Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia not only to develop forensic linguistic research and forensic linguistic examinations at the request of the structural divisions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, but also to study issues of optimizing their content and compositional basis.