Проєктна діяльність у територіальних громадах (на прикладі Колочавської територіальної громади Закарпатської області).

Поскольку проекты освоения месторождений имеют долгосрочный характер, деятельность горных компаний тесно связана с развитием регионов их присутствия. Основными внешними стейкхолдерами в долгосрочных горных проектах являются местное население, органы государственной власти различного уровня и местного самоуправления. В России горные проекты реализуются как на промышленно развитых территориях, так и в регионах нового освоения, поэтому интересы и степень влияния стейкхолдеров различаются.В европейских странах действующие горные компании ведут деятельность в районах с высоким уровнем урбанизации, оказывая значительное влияние на качество жизни населения и развитие регионов. Кроме того, одним из ключевых отраслевых стейкхолдеров при реализации горных проектов является Европейский союз.В статье выявлены характерные особенности и условия взаимодействия инициаторов долгосрочных горных проектов с различными категориями стейкхолдеров. Проанализированы модели идентификации, классификации и управления заинтересованными сторонами, обоснованы подходы к анализу характера взаимодействия стейкхолдеров при реализации проектов в минерально-сырьевом секторе.С целью определения степени влияния, интереса власти и идентификации категорических групп заинтересованных сторон в долгосрочных горных проектах построены матрицы классификации стейкхолдеров в проектах строительства Элегестского и Томинского ГОКов. Доказано, что эффективное взаимодействие со стейкхолдерами определяет возможности своевременной реализации горных проектов и увеличения ценности компании.

This article examines the role of tax revenues in forming the budgetary capacity of territorial communities in Ukraine within the broader framework of decentralization reform. Since the beginning of decentralization in 2014, Ukraine has undergone a fundamental transformation in the system of public finance and local governance. More than 1,470 consolidated territorial communities (hromadas) have been established, covering the entire territory of the country. Their contribution to total budget revenues has increased from 32% in 2015 to over 42% in 2023, demonstrating a steady shift toward local financial empowerment and fiscal autonomy. Tax revenues have become the financial backbone of local self-government, providing communities with the ability to independently plan, manage, and implement key social and economic programs. In 2023, these revenues accounted for about 85% of the total income of local budgets, ensuring funding for essential areas such as education, healthcare, infrastructure, and community development. The increase in own-source revenues has not only expanded the financial independence of communities but also strengthened their ability to respond to local needs more effectively and flexibly. However, the Ukrainian system of local taxation remains less efficient compared to those of developed decentralized countries. Fiscal imbalances persist due to uneven economic development among regions and the concentration of significant tax flows at the central level. In 2023, for example, the average per capita income in the budgets of communities in Kyiv Oblast exceeded that of Chernivtsi Oblast nearly fourfold, reflecting deep territorial disparities. In contrast, European countries such as Poland and Germany maintain more balanced fiscal systems through diversified local taxes and equitable revenue-sharing mechanisms, which ensure the financial stability of municipalities. The study highlights that tax revenues are not only an instrument of fiscal management but also a driver of civic responsibility and local democracy. When residents understand that their taxes directly support community projects, trust in local authorities and civic engagement increase. Strengthening the capacity of communities to generate and manage tax revenues fosters sustainable regional development and enhances social cohesion. In conclusion, expanding local tax bases, improving the efficiency of tax administration, and promoting economic activity at the community level are key conditions for deepening fiscal decentralization. Stable and predictable local tax systems are essential for ensuring the long-term financial independence and prosperity of Ukraine’s territorial communities.

The article states that a higher education institution and a territorial community are subjects of interaction that produce and carry out the exchange of knowledge and innovations in various forms. Attention is drawn to the fact that they also create a space for communication and strategic planning. In particular, emphasis is placed on the fact that in conditions of war and post-war reconstruction, it is important to restore the vital activity of higher education institutions and territorial communities on the basis of long-term planning. It is determined that the awareness of partnership as a form of subject interaction, the construction of development trajectories of subjects, mutual understanding, mutual respect and mutual enrichment of participants, active involvement in solving problems and making decisions is one of the key approaches built on the basis of trust-based partnership interaction. It is emphasized that the construction of interaction trajectories of an individual higher education institution and a territorial community reflects the “scenarios” of development, strategic vision, strategic and operational goals, methods of implementing the tasks set, planned activities, key indicators of the established goals. It was determined that when building appropriate trajectories, it is necessary to take into account the needs, existing infrastructure, demographic potential, the specifics of the impact of war and resources. It was noted that the trajectories of interaction between a higher education institution and the community in the conditions of war and post-war recovery are built on the basis of an analysis of challenges and opportunities, which determine the priority of the tasks of such interaction and are focused on development scenarios before and after a full-scale invasion in accordance with the principles of strategic planning, current regulatory legal acts and differentiated approaches to comprehensive recovery, as well as prognostic scenarios for the end of the war.

The existing strategic guidelines for development may need to be more practical in the changing socio-economic environment and internal challenges. The research is aimed at determining the peculiarities of the development of territorial communities of the Transcarpathian region and highlighting innovative approaches that will contribute to sustainable economic growth, increase the quality of life of the population, and strengthen the economic security of the region. The purpose of the article is to research innovative approaches to the development of territorial communities in Zakarpattia region. The article is devoted to the characteristics of innovative approaches to developing territorial communities of the Zakarpattia region. The main signs of innovativeness in the system of development of territorial communities are substantiated. The peculiarities, advantages, and challenges of decentralization reforms for the communities of the Transcarpathian region are defined and characterized. The Smart approach to the development of territorial communities is characterized. The strategic opportunities for developing territorial communities of the Transcarpathian region are outlined based on a harmonious combination of natural, cultural, economic, and social aspects that contribute to the sustainable and progressive development of the region and ensure a better standard of living for its residents. Introducing innovative methods and technologies is a crucial factor in solving the socio-economic and cultural challenges territorial communities face by analyzing various aspects of innovative development. One of the main conclusions is that innovation can become an engine of growth in the region's economy. By implementing modern technologies in various fields, such as education, medicine, agriculture, and tourism, territorial communities can improve the quality of life of their residents and ensure sustainable economic growth. The need to consider the needs and aspirations of the local population in the process of implementing innovations has been determined. Active participation of citizens in the development and implementation of innovative projects can ensure their success and acceptance by the community. It has been proven that it is essential to emphasize the need to promote interaction between communities and the business environment to create favorable conditions for innovation. Partnerships with the private sector can significantly improve resource provision and support for innovative initiatives. Reasonably, innovative approaches to developing territorial communities are an essential strategy for ensuring the sustainable development of regions. These approaches make it possible to solve existing problems and open new opportunities for further growth and prosperity of communities and their residents. Keywords: territorial communities, innovative approaches, Smart approach, sustainable development.

The relevance of the article is due to the definition of aspects of community resilience during the war period. Since the full-scale invasion of Russian troops, volunteer activities in Ukrainian communities have increased. The growth of people’s resistance was one of the reasons for the creation of new volunteer groups, strengthening the activities of charitable structures of the informal sector. The change in motivational features of the active part of the population of communities in de-occupied territories contributed to the mass volunteering and the initiative to create and provide various volunteer services. The purpose of this article is to explore the peculiarities of the formation of social cohesion, resilience and the increase in social capital in the context of community volunteer group’s activities. Novelty is the presentation and analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of a volunteer group of one of the communities in the Kyiv region. The results of the survey were analyzed, which became the basis for determining the resiliency and opportunities for increasing social capital in the Nemishayeve settlement territorial community. The survey was conducted in late January and early February 2023, with 63 respondents. The article uses the authors’ own experience in volunteering in this volunteer group. The reasons for the creation of the group are substantiated, and the study determines its importance for rallying the population, the formation of trust in volunteer entities through the systematic submission of transparent report filings and the presence of constant feedback from individual units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which are directly assisted by the volunteers of the group. This includes, in particular, weaving camouflage nets, making instant food kits, sewing camouflage suits, making dugout candles and mini-stoves, collecting donations for the purchase of off-road vehicles, medicines and hygiene products, etc. The features of the group’s activities since its inception in June 2022 until today have been determined. Attention is focused on the use of existing and formation of new resources of community’s social capital, the importance of logistics chains, social ties between the existing entities of the informal sector both within the community and beyond. The probable reasons for the decrease in volunteer activity in the grouping have been determined and the directions for improving the activity of the volunteer group have been proposed, which will contribute to strengthening its resilience, increasing volunteer activity. Conclusions on the effectiveness of the group are drawn, new approaches and opportunities are proposed to improve the organizational component by improving the professional level of volunteer management and transition to institutional form. The intensification of volunteer activities in the community is influenced by transformational changes in terms of greater involvement of young people, which at the same time contributes to strengthening the process of their social integration. In turn, the presence of stress-resistant entities of the informal sector in communities with their powerful social capital is one of the weighty priorities in increasing the capacity of territorial communities, forming the space of public trust and rapid reconstruction of Ukraine in the post-war period.

This Phenomenological study discusses the lived experiences of island teachers teaching and school heads managing schools located at Cagraray Island of Malilipot, Albay Philippines. The study explores the socioeconomic factors that the teachers and school heads encounter in implementing mandated and school-initiated Learning Recovery Programs and Projects (LRPPs). Because basic education plays an important role in shaping the workforce of any country, it is then important for educators to strive and strengthen basic knowledge and skills among its learners, most specifically literacy and numeracy. One of the most significant actions taken by the Department of Education (DepEd) would be the implementation of Learning Recovery Programs and Projects (LRPPs) cascaded and mandated to all public schools in the Philippines. This also includes school-initiated programs and projects that schools have innovated as part of the campaign. The study then aimed to present the lived experiences of teachers and school heads in implementing these LRPPs. Specifically, the socio-economic factors that influenced the status and implementation of the projects. The study used thematic analysis in analyzing the collected and transcribed interview responses from the three island teachers and two island principals. Results revealed that there are external and internal socioeconomic factors that influence the status and implementation of the projects. External socioeconomic factors included: (a) Availability of resources; (b) Number of Projects and Programs; and (c) Local Government Units (LGUs) Support. The internal socioeconomic factors included: (d) Workload balance of implementers; (e) Desire for Professional Growth; (f) Dedication to the Teaching Profession; and (g) Learners’ and Parents’ Participation. Data collected also revealed that the status of the LRPPs and their implementers could be reflected in the level of external and internal factors evident.

Introduction. The article examines new opportunities for the development of territorial communities and the need for financial support for sustainable investment aimed at meeting the needs of a specific territorial community. The conditions of martial law in Ukraine prove that the viability of territorial communities largely depends on the economic aspect, in particular, proper financial investment. In this connection, it is appropriate to study the peculiarities of financial support for sustainable investment of territorial communities in the current conditions of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The authors used scientific publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, their own research and scientific achievements. During the research, economic and statistical methods were used to identify the features of the financial provision of territorial communities, which are aimed at ensuring economic efficiency, social responsibility and environmental sustainability, a comparison method for assessing the state of territorial communities, a monographic method for collecting and summarizing information on the instruments of financial provision of sustainable investment of territorial communities in the current conditions of martial law in Ukraine, the method of analysis and synthesis for the study of literary sources and the formulation of conclusions and proposals, as well as the method of a systematic approach for taking into account all interrelated factors that affect the solution of the problem. Results and discussion. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine from February 2022 significantly changed the conditions of life of society in general, influenced the further development of the territories forming local territorial communities. It is substantiated that this situation creates new challenges and tasks for territorial communities, emphasizing the need to find ways to adapt to new conditions, develop effective financial development strategies and ensure economic stability. It has been proven that the implementation of specific projects and economic initiatives aimed at the support and development of territories acquires special importance. It is substantiated that the financial provision of territorial communities and local budgets requires an integrated approach that takes into account various sources of financing and promotes sustainable investment in regions. The article emphasizes that in the context of the further development of territorial communities, it is important to actively work on attracting financial investments, developing entrepreneurship, and supporting social programs and initiatives. Conclusions. By financial support for sustainable investment of territorial communities, we understand the provision of necessary financial resources for the functioning and development of local communities within a certain territory. This is an important aspect of decentralization and the development of self-government, which involves the transfer of power and responsibility to the level of local government structures. Specific proposals regarding the financial support of sustainable investment of territorial communities in the current conditions of martial law in Ukraine are formulated.

The article substantiates the need to analyze the challenges of the present in order to determine the directions of improving the professional formation of public authorities. Attention is drawn to the need to master new areas of work in local governments. It is proposed to pay attention to the patriotic component in teaching different disciplines in higher education institutions, giving heroic examples to resist the Russian invaders. It is emphasized on the need to use the social capital of internally displaced persons, involve them in joint activities in territorial communities, in which they are forced to stay in these difficult times for each person. It is noted that the increase in social and human capital is extremely important, both for everyone and for the formation of a successful civil society as a whole. It is proved that the study of the components of social capital of internally displaced persons and ways of its implementation in the new conditions is also a challenge and a topical problem of the present. It is noted that the study of the nature of conflict, its functions and consequences in the public administration and administration system is especially relevant. Therefore, the problems of conflict and managing them in territorial communities, especially in the military and post -war period, remains urgent, and the training of officials (employees) of public authorities of efficient communication, forming a culture of effective interaction, understanding and dialogue comes to the fore. It is stated that the value-legal aspects of the activity of public authorities should provide an understanding of legal phenomena in public servants through a system of scientific knowledge and ideological concepts that objectively reflect the legal reality in service in local self-government bodies.

The article examines the development of territorial communities in the conditions of martial law, real challenges for territorial communities that have arisen due to the war, and provides practical recommendations for overcoming crisis situations within territorial communities. The role of local self-government bodies in solving these problems is shown. The article examines already implemented measures regarding organizational and legal assistance by local self-government bodies to displaced persons and considers the prospects of further implementation of measures on social protection of the population in the event of a threat to life or health under martial law. On the basis of the conducted scientific analysis of the development of territorial communities under martial law, the authors express their own proposals aimed at ensuring the operation of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, protecting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, ensuring, together with the military command, the implementation and implementation of measures of the legal regime of martial law, defense, civil protection, public order and security. It is noted that the territorial communities, which have become more efficient thanks to the municipal reform, demonstrate stability even in war conditions. The primary task of local authorities is to ensure the livelihood of communities, provide the necessary assistance, and establish administrative services. It was emphasized that territorial communities under martial law must rationally use available financial, material, personnel and other resources, as well as identify and attract their reserves in order to meet current needs, the needs of internally displaced persons, the development of the territory and military logistics, and the formation of the competitiveness of territorial communities in future. It is concluded that there is a need for further improvement of the legislative framework and the adoption of new provisions, for example, regarding the distribution of the functioning of communities located in the war zone or under occupation, or in the territory where hostilities are not taking place. Keywords: territorial community, local self-government bodies, services, social services, martial law.

The relevance of the study of planning the activities of a territorial community (TC) in conditions of digitalisation includes the use of modern technologies and digital tools to improve the efficiency and quality of administrative service delivery, as well as as well as for the development and optimisation of various areas of local life. Planning the activities of a of the territorial community includes: e-governance and e-services, the use of interactive maps for monitoring and interaction with citizens, providing access to digital learning resources for the local population, and the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for monitoring and managing urban infrastructure. The purpose of the article – to conceptualise the issue of planning the activities of a territorial community in the context of the use of modern digital technologies to optimise management processes, improving the quality of life of citizens and ensuring sustainable development of territories. Analysis of territorial community planning in the context of digitalisation may include application of various philosophical methods to understand the basic concepts, goals and ethical aspects of this process – analysis and synthesis, generalisation, cross-cultural method for to understand the development of planning through conflict resolution and adaptation to change; hermeneutic method for interpreting the texts of planning documents, identifying hidden meanings; historiographical analysis to take into account the historical context in solving modern problems of territorial community planning. Research results. The essence of planning the activities of a territorial community in the context of digitalisation is considered. The foreign experience of planning the activities of a territorial community in the context of digitalisation. The directions for improving the planning of territorial community activities in the context of digitalisation are revealed. The author concludes that the current stage of digitalisation contributes to introduction of electronic management systems to optimise the work of local authorities authorities, the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for monitoring and management of urban infrastructure, and the development of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for cities. Planning in the digital environment should be flexible and take into account the constant development of technology and the needs of the local community. It is also important to ensure an open and and transparent decision-making process, taking into account the opinions and needs of the community.

Introduction. The large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has not only caused cata­strophic destruction of residential, industrial, and transport infrastructure but also generated the changes and reinforced the threats to the financial stability of Ukraine. From this point of view, the issues of detecting the risks and threats to financial stability in Ukraine in condi­tions of war and military law require particular attention. It makes the issue of developing new approaches to the implementation of the adaptive budget, tax, and debt policy and the accomplishment of quick, systemic, and efficient policy measures in new conditions quite relevant. The purpose of the article is to determine the risks and threats to the financial stability of Ukraine in conditions of war and substantiate the recommendations for its reinforcement. Results. The major trends in the functioning of the public finance sector and domestic bank­ing system of Ukraine in conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war are detected. The risks and threats affecting financial stability in Ukraine are determined. The public programs to support internally displaced people are analyzed. The possibilities of strengthening financial imbalances caused by military aggression are emphasized. The innovations introduced by the Government in tax and customs domains with the view to “mitigate” shocks in the economy of Ukraine are analyzed. Their consequences for the country are substantiated. The article shows that the reduced tax revenues during the two months of the war in Ukraine are partially caused by simpli­fied budget procedures. The directions of strengthening the financial stability in terms of budget savings and increasing the international macro-financial assistance following the principles of targeted spending and management in full compliance with the EU standards and procedures are outlined. The reasonability of zoning the areas depending on the risk of financial-economic resilience violation is emphasized. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the expediency of zoning territories taking into account the risk of financial and economic sustainability is emphasized, with the fol­lowing types being distinguished: a) territorial communities in the rear with low risks for financial and economic sustainability, but a significant number of internally displaced persons; b) territo­rial communities with increased potential risks for disruption of financial and economic stability; c) territorial communities in the combat zone and frontline territories; d) temporarily occupied territorial communities.

Introduction. Following the onset of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, new challenges have emerged on top of existing issues related to the completion of the decentralization reform. A viable means to address these challenges is the implementation of key principles of the inclusive development concept within the functioning of territorial communities. This includes recognizing the uniqueness and value of each economic entity and community member, and the importance of creating conditions to meet their needs and fully realize their potential. Territorial communities serve as the initial link in creating these conditions. It is within these communities that it is easiest to identify the needs and potential of their residents, and where it is simplest to implement fundamental reforms. Purpose. The aim of the article is to systematize the contemporary challenges faced by territorial communities, identify the strategic goals of inclusive development for these communities in the context of war and post-war reconstruction, and develop pathways for achieving these goals. Methods. To achieve the stated objective, the article employs content analysis, a systemic approach, and the «goal tree» method. Results. The research identifies the main problems encountered by Ukrainian territorial communities during the war. It is substantiated that implementing the core principles of the inclusive development concept into the operations of local government bodies and the functioning of territorial communities serves as a means to adapt to challenges in national security and the preservation of human capital, as well as a foundation for the recovery of all sectors and aspects of public life, and their return to peaceful functioning. The study proposes seven primary goals for the inclusive development of territorial communities, with pathways suggested for achieving each of these goals. Perspectives. Future scientific research should focus on the following areas: the development of mechanisms for creating an inclusive business environment within territorial communities; methods for implementing an inclusive approach in the provision of public services; strategies for promoting inclusive culture among the residents of territorial communities, among others.

Objectives Since amending the long-term care insurance system to cover community-based services in 2015, community activities led by older residents have become increasingly important in Japan. It is necessary for local governments to effectively promote participation in community activities during long-term care prevention services. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with participation in community activities and the contents of intervention after long-term care prevention services in which interventions were conducted to promote older residents' participation in community activities.Methods A secondary analysis of data collected in two classes of long-term care preventive services of a local government in Tokyo was conducted. This service provided not only interventions to improve physical function but also initiatives to promote participation in community activities after the service, such as learning and group-work activities. We analyzed participants' responses to self-administered questionnaires in 2016 and 2017; three months after the service started (T1) and six months after the service ended (T2). A total of 216 people (51 men and 165 women; age range: 65-95 years) responded to the questionnaires. Types of intervention, self-rated health, responses to the Kihon Checklist, and social capital, which was measured through items such as "Interaction with neighbors (SC1)," "Participation in groups other than preventive activity (SC2)," "Strength of trust for neighbors (SC3)," and "Mutual trust with neighbors (SC4)," were assessed at T1. Engaging in community activities was assessed to determine whether they participated in the self-motivating group for preventive activity at T2. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with participation in community activities by adjusting for each variable.Results Totally, 113 respondents participated in community activities (participation rate=52.3%), and 103 did not participate (47.7%). Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that types of intervention was significantly associated with participation in community activities (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.63, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for all independent variables also indicated that types of intervention was significantly associated with participation in community activities (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.62, P=0.001).Conclusion The results showed that approximately 50% of the participants were involved in community activities because participation in such activities was promoted in long-term care preventive services. Types of intervention was a significant factor associated with participation in community activities. These findings highlight the importance of program contents in community activities during preventive services.

The implementation of smart projects can contribute to solving the current development problems of municipalities and cities of varied sizes. Although the concept of smart development is a vague term in the literature, in practice it refers to projects based on the use of modern technologies, to improve the quality of life considering economic, social, and environmental dimensions. However, not all local governments in the Czech Republic implement smart projects, even though the smart city concept is currently receiving considerable attention from national governments and from the European Union. This paper characterizes the perception of barriers to the implementation of smart projects from the perspective of fifteen representatives and officials of local governments located in the Brno Metropolitan Area in the Czech Republic. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with these fifteen territorial actors. It was found that the barriers to the implementation of smart projects are related to internal factors in the municipalities, such as the lack of interest of municipal leaders and officials or potential technical complications accompanying the implementation of projects. However, external factors such as the Czech government’s vague grasp of the smart cities concept or cyber threats also play a role. Perceived barriers were categorized according to their type and schematized.

The linkage between local perceptions of municipal services and the level of trust in the local government is an under-researched and yet relevant aspect for a small multi-ethnic island like Mauritius. This research draws from the opinions of some 400 Mauritian inhabitants gathered through a Citizens’ Satisfaction Survey carried out in 2018 to evaluate the attitudes of citizens towards local government services and trigger further research on future options for improving the local government sector. The results from a structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that satisfaction with local outputs is a significant predictor of trust in local authorities. Trust in public institutions is also found to be a possible mediator in this nexus. Further probing into citizens’ responses reveals that their preferences for local public goods differ across jurisdictions and vary with level of education. Findings also point to a tendency for citizen mobility which can have important implications for improving local services through fiscal decentralisation. JEL Classification: H1, H3, H4