О базовых мотивациях египетской религии: страх смерти и / или стремление к порядку

Rainbow Blindness: Same-Sex Partnerships in Post-Coalitional Australia

The present study has investigated how fear-of-death activation affected consumer food product choices. Undergraduate students (N = 130; Mage = 22.7; Meage = 21) differing on the conscious fear of death level participated in this study. The participants were divided into two experimental and one control groups. In first experimental group fear of death was induced by asking the participants to read an euthanasia story, in second experimental group by asking them to picture their own death. All experimental groups filled a fear of death personality measure prior to the experiment. Afterwards, participants had to indicate their usual shopping preferences, by choosing between several standard and premium-looking food items which were selected in the pilot study. Results show a decreased number of premium product choices in the death activation groups. Conscious level of fear had no impact on those choices. Results are discussed under the terror management theory framework.

Trust scholars emphasize the importance of trust research given that trust is integral to societal functioning. However, evidence suggests there is a “dark side” to trust. We discuss a specific facet of the dark side of individuals’ trust in institutions, which we call compensatory institutional trust. We review theory and evidence suggesting that individuals’ trust in institutions can be generated in order to satisfy psychological needs. Specifically, when experiencing threats to safety, security, or a sense of meaning and understanding, individuals will sometimes trust institutions more than otherwise. A motivated increase in the perception that institutions are trustworthy may palliate existential and epistemic threats. We detail theoretical perspectives that speak to compensatory institutional trust, namely, terror management theory, theory on system-justifying beliefs, compensatory control theory, and the meaning maintenance model. We emphasize these perspectives’ relations to compensatory institutional trust by reviewing illustrative empirical examples of compensatory institutional trust-relevant processes. Altogether, we aim to illuminate the utility of the compensatory institutional trust framework in shedding light on psychological processes that may underlie findings in the trust literature. Ultimately, we make a call to trust researchers to not neglect addressing this dark side of institutional trust in their scholarship.

Emerging evidence suggests that death anxiety is an important transdiagnostic construct underlying a range of psychological disorders. Terror Management Theory (TMT) is currently the preeminent theoretical framework used to explain the role that death fears play in psychopathology. This study sought to examine the TMT approach to understanding clinical anxiety while addressing several methodological limitations associated with the existing empirical literature. Semi-structured diagnostic interviewing was employed to recruit two groups of participants with either Social Anxiety Disorder or no anxiety diagnosis. All participants were randomly allocated to receive either mortality salience or control priming, before undertaking two tasks designed to measure social and physical anxiety symptoms, respectively. The overall pattern of results failed to provide evidence in support of the novel hypotheses derived from TMT. Mortality salience priming did not exacerbate social anxiety symptoms for participants with Social Anxiety Disorder, but did exacerbate physical anxiety symptoms for these individuals. No such effect was observed for non-clinical participants. These results suggest that more robust theoretical frameworks may be needed to explain the evident, but likely complex, relationship between death fears and clinical anxiety. Directions for future research are discussed.

Religious and cultural beliefs have a significant influence on the maternal experience across many societies, including those of the Santal in Bangladesh. During pregnancy, Santal women often practice several cultural and religious rules for protection, mental peace, and well-being. This study analyzed the religious and cultural beliefs and practices of Santal women during the antepartum period. A qualitative phenomenological approach was applied, involving eight women and eight men from the family who had a recent experience of pregnancy. The data were collected from October 2023 to December 2023. All the respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted in Bangla. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The analysis was done employing a thematic approach. Ethical approval was obtained for the study, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured. The findings of this study revealed that three main types of cultural and religious practices were available among the Santal Christian women during pregnancy. These are religious faith-based maternal practices, traditional protective cultural beliefs and practices, and family-imposed rules. Faith-based maternal practices included personal and combined prayers, vow making, church-based thanks, consultation with priests, and the use of sacred objects such as blessed water, the Bible, Jop mala (rosaries), and stickers. Traditional safeguarding practices and cultural beliefs during pregnancy included movement restrictions, the belief in the evil eye, clan-based protective measures, food restrictions, and avoidance of activities during eclipses. Moreover, family influence during pregnancy highlighted how women followed cultural and religious practices due to social and family pressure. The Santal Christian women adhered to deeply rooted religious and cultural practices during pregnancy. The study suggested that religious and cultural beliefs should be an integral part of healthcare providers' training, enabling them to understand and provide holistic services that cater to the diverse needs of their patients.

This article focuses on the question of why fairness matters to people. On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, the authors argue that people especially need fairness when they are uncertain about things that are important to them. Following terror management theory, the authors focus on a basic kind of human uncertainty: fear of death. Integrating these two theoretical frameworks, it is proposed that thinking about their mortality should make fairness a more important issue to people. The findings of three experiments support the authors' line of reasoning: Asking participants to think about their mortality led to stronger fair process effects (positive effects of perceived procedural fairness on subsequent reactions) than not asking them to think about mortality. It is argued that these findings suggest that fairness especially matters to people when they are uncertain about fundamental aspects of human life such as human mortality.

This chapter addresses the psychological impact of life-threatening disease of acute onset. Anxiety may be profound in this circumstance, with the severity of symptoms often meeting criteria for acute stress disorder (ASD) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both patients and family caregivers. The nature of traumatic stress and the ways in which it may be alleviated by Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) therapy are described here. Terror management theory (TMT), including the psychological pillars that protect individuals from the fear of death, is introduced as a model to understand how death anxiety is managed when mortality salience is heightened. The influence of TMT in formulating our research and in developing the CALM intervention is described here.

The fear of death is a fundamental human anxiety. From the perspective of terror management theory (TMT), this study examines the potential of music to alleviate death anxiety. We conducted a 2 (salience: mortality vs. control) × 2 (song type: nostalgic vs. non-nostalgic) × 2 (relationship type: romantic vs. parent-child) between-subjects factorial experiment with 335 middle-aged participants (ages 35–40) who were married, had children, and had living parents. Multiple interaction effects among mortality salience, nostalgia, and relationship type indicated that romantic songs – especially nostalgic romantic songs – were more effective in reducing death anxiety than parent-child relationship songs. The findings highlight the defensive function of romantic relationship songs within the TMT framework, offering new insights for clinical interventions and public mental health practices aimed at managing death anxiety.

This study examined the relationship among religiosity, morality, and fear of death. Students (n = 328, 75% women, Mage = 18.9) completed measures of fear of death, frequency of immoral behavior, discrepancy between ideal and actual religious practices, strength of religious beliefs, views of God as punishing or forgiving, and behavior efficacy (the extent to which fate in the afterlife was perceived to be determined by behavior in this life). Frequency of immoral behavior was not related to fears of death, but both strength of religious views and behavior efficacy were negatively correlated with fears of death. In contrast, perceived failure to live up to religious standards was associated with more death anxiety, especially among those with punishing views of God. These findings support the idea that some aspects of religion can help protect people from death anxiety, whereas other aspects of religion can exacerbate fears of death.

The epidemics plagued Brazil in several periods of history, such as the end of the 19th century, and had a large effect on Revista Ilustrada, coordinated by the Italian-Brazilian cartoonist Ângelo Agostini. The fear of illnesses and death accompanies us throughout history and generates practices and representations associated with the historical context of the time. Today, the pandemic covid-19 reaps thousands of lives in Brazil and the world, and the way we appropriate the tragic reality leads us to produce representations that slip, in many cases, into scientific denialism and contribute to the fact that many lives are still lost by discourses and practices emptied of scientific foundation. Besieged, cities face the microscopic enemy with social distancing and basic hygiene health measures, while vaccination cannot immunize the majority of the Brazilian population. Love and empathy become lenient summing up the void left by the absence of sufficient vaccines or specific remedies against coronavirus to date, march 20, 2021. Previously closed windows are opened to provide the sight of the other. We will highlight in this article the relationship between feelings and their representative expressions related to the fear of death and illnesses in written and iconographic languages and seek to articulate them to the historical facts that served as a stage for its construction. Analyzing the practices and representations associated with public health and developing a comparative study between the epidemics of the late nineteenth century and the pandemic of the covid-19 becomes relevant to find realistic solutions that lead us safely to freedom, health, and the enjoyment of community life.

Death is a common existential concern, and fear of death is widespread at subclinical levels. Near-death experiences (NDEs) are profound mystical experiences that may occur close to death, and they are usually followed by dramatic reductions in fear of death. The content of these experiences varies in each case, but NDEs tend to have common features among individuals and across cultures. While many studies using different tools to measure fear of death and death anxiety have documented their reduction after NDEs, we do not know the influence of specific NDE features on this effect. This research presents statistical correlations between features of NDEs and post-experience death attitudes, both negative and positive. We found that encountering mystical beings and having a life review during one’s NDE are the strongest predictors of reduced fear of death. Contrary to theoretical predictions, a sense of disembodiment is not associated with change in death attitudes. These findings can be used to design interventions aimed at reducing fear of death in vulnerable populations, including people at end-of-life. We also discuss these findings in the context of Terror Management Theory regarding death awareness as a motivator of human behaviour.

Metaphors do not only function as linguistic decorations, but also reflect the author's cultural values, social norms, and worldview in the historical context. Classical works, such as poetry and prose by prominent authors, provide deep insight into the traditions, beliefs, and values of the society of the time. The analysis of metaphors allows us to understand how figurative language reflects the spirit of the times that underlies people's thinking. The growing interest in how language creates meaning in a variety of contexts is driving this research. However, there are shortcomings in the research that show a lack of exploration regarding the comparative use of metaphors between classical and modern works. Modern works are also a major focus, where contemporary writers often explore metaphors in innovative ways, creating new meanings that reflect the challenges and dynamics of today's life. In many modern novels, metaphors are used to raise social and political issues, intertwining with the reader's experience. Despite the differences in context and style between classical and modern works, the function of metaphor as a bridge between reality and imagination remains constant. This research is expected to enrich the understanding of the relationship between language, literature, and human experience. In conclusion, despite variations in context and application, metaphors remain an important tool in shaping human understanding of reality and imagination, and have a significant influence on our interactions with the world around us.

The number of expatriates has been steadily growing during the last two decades. For these reasons, academia has exhibited a growing research interest in expatriates’ food consumption choices. Although interest is there, the extant literature is inconclusive about conditions under which expatriate consumers make trade-offs between host-country (local) and global food products and brands. The present study presents mechanisms that explain expatriate consumers’ compensatory coping behaviors and choices between local versus global food brands. By drawing on compensatory control theory and the person–environment fit framework, the authors test the influence of adaptation efforts and retail system properties on expatriate consumers’ food brand choices. Survey findings from 232 expatriates who currently live in five Middle Eastern countries reveal that a higher engagement in adaptation efforts (acculturation and general adjustment) leads to a dominant preference for local (vs. global) food brands. Moreover, this study illuminates the importance of retail system properties by showing that a host country’s retail system development positively moderates the relationship between adaptation efforts and local food brand choices, whereas retail similarity has a negative impact.

In addition to providing food, companionship, and raw materials for clothing, furniture, tools, and ornaments, animals also played a key role in religious practices in ancient Egypt. Apart from serving as sacrifices, each god had one or more animal as a totem. Certain specially marked exemplars of these species were revered as manifestations of that god that enjoyed all the privileges of being a deity during their lifetime and which were mummified and buried with pomp upon their death. Other animals, which did not bear the distinguishing marks, were mummified and offered to the gods, transmitting the prayers of devotees directly to their divinities. These number in the millions and were a significant feature of Egyptian religious belief and self-identity in the later periods of Egyptian history.

Many countries invest in interventions to minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality but the progress has been slow, in developing countries, especially in Africa. Traditional taboos and malpractices like home deliveries owing to cultural beliefs and traditional practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period increase maternal and neonatal complications. Although there are different researches in Ethiopia, the reasons for practicing such traditional activities in the East Gojjam zone in northwest Ethiopia are not well understood. Ethical clearance was obtained from the research committee of Debre Markos University. This study aimed to explore cultural beliefs and traditional practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Purposive and snowball nonprobability sampling techniques were used to select the study participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions until the information was saturated and it was categorized and analyzed after the interviews were completed. The translated text file was analyzed using thematic analysis using codes and terms to create themes. Information from the interview consists of the women's descriptions and explanations of their cultural practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. Respondents report many examples of cultural, traditional, and religious practices experienced by the community in East Gojjam Zone during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, whether they are beneficial or harmful for the mother and the fetus. Drinking holy water, praying to God and Mary, taking herbal medicine, food taboo, making a confinement period in a dark room, and other cultural ceremonies are among commonly experienced cultural, traditional, and religious practices in the study area. Traditional, cultural, and religious practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period are still popular among the community in the East Gojjam Zone. It is critical to identify the harmful practices and reinforce the positive healthy practices to make pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods healthy and joyful.