Оцінка якості життя у динаміці лікування у жінок зі стресовим нетриманням сечі

Purpose: To characterize the symptoms of urinary incontinence of women suffering from pelvic organ disorders (POP) and the effect of these problems on quality of life (QoL). Materials and methods: 215 women from rural regions diagnosed with POP were examined. The research implemented the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LISAT-11), used to assess quality of life; the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQoL-F) questionnaire, which was employed to assess sexual activity; and the Gaudenz-Incontinence questionnaire, served to assess the occurrence of symptoms of urinary incontinence as well as to define the type of urinary incontinence and its degree of escalation. Results: The average age of the participants was 54.8 years. Most of the participants had urinary incontinence (159; 73.95%). Women with POP and symptoms of urinary incontinence achieved a lower indicator of the sexual function QoL (median - 61.00) when compared to those not suffering from urinary incontinence (median- 78.00). Differences between the groups were statistically significant (p=0.002). The general indicator of QoL for women with symptoms and those without symptoms of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) did not reveal any significant differences between the groups (p=0.643). Conclusions: Urinary incontinence in women with disorders of pelvic floor muscle functions has an insignificant effect on general QoL, whereas it has a decidedly negative impact on sexual function QoL.

To assess the efficacy of physical therapies for first-line use in the treatment and prevention of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women, using a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). A computer-aided and manual search for published RCTs investigating treatment and prevention of SUI using physical therapies, e.g. pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises, with or without other treatment modalities, were carried out. The methodological quality of the included trials was assessed using criteria based on generally accepted principles of interventional research. Twenty-four RCTs (22 treatment and two prevention) were identified; the methodological quality of the studies included was moderate and 11 RCTs were of sufficient quality to be included in further analysis. Based on levels-of-evidence criteria, there is strong evidence to suggest that PFM exercises are effective in reducing the symptoms of SUI. There is limited evidence for the efficacy of high-intensity vs a low-intensity regimen of PFM exercises. Despite significant effects of biofeedback after testing as an adjunct to PFM exercises, there is no evidence that PFM exercises with biofeedback are more effective than PFM exercises alone. There is little consistency (of stimulation types and parameters) in the studies of electrical stimulation, but when the results are combined there is strong evidence to suggest that electrostimulation is superior to sham electrostimulation, and limited evidence that there is no difference between electrostimulation and other physical therapies. In the prevention of SUI the efficacy of PFM exercises, with or without other adjuncts, is uncertain.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of synthetic mid-urethral slings (sMUS) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). A systematic review was performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane controlled trials databases were systematically searched from January 1995 to April 2021. Studies including adult women with NLUTD who had a sMUS for SUI were considered for inclusion. Primary outcome was success of the surgery according to study criteria. Secondary outcomes were complications, especially de novo urgency, urinary retention, tape exposure and revision for complications. A total of 752 abstracts were screened and 9 studies were included, representing 298 patients. The mean age was 52years and median follow-up was 41.3months. sMUS insertion was successful in 237 patients (79.5%). The median rate of de novo urgency was 15.7% (range 8.3-30%). In patients with spontaneous voiding, the median rate of retention was 19.3% (range 0-46.7%) and 21 out of 26 patients required intermittent self-catheterisation. Four cases of tape exposure were reported, and 8 patients underwent a revision for complications. This review suggests that sMUS might offer interesting success rates and acceptable morbidity and could be considered for the treatment of SUI in women with NLUTD. Further studies are required to define which patients would be more likely to benefit from this intervention, as well as its place among the other surgical treatments for SUI.

The objective of this study was to perform a cost-utility analysis of nonsurgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in healthy adult women with a health system perspective over a 1-year time horizon. A decision tree model was constructed to evaluate the following nonsurgical treatment options for SUI in a simulated healthy adult female cohort who had failed Kegel exercises: pelvic floor muscle therapy (PFMT), a disposable tampon device (Impressa), a self-fitting intravaginal incontinence device (Uresta), and a traditional incontinence pessary. Published data and consultation with health care providers were used to estimate efficacies and costs. Health utility estimates were derived from existing literature. Deterministic sensitivity analyses were performed as well as Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis to account for the impact of parameter uncertainty on costs and efficacies for each treatment. Our primary outcome was the highest net monetary benefit (NMB), which represents the monetary value of the health benefits less the treatment costs. The standard willingness-to-pay threshold of US $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year was used. The utility of SUI in an otherwise healthy patient was 0.81 ± 0.16 and for subjective cure was 0.93 ± 0.08. Using base-case estimates, PFMT was the most cost-effective treatment with an NMB of US $44,098. The Impressa tampon, Uresta, and traditional pessary had NMBs of US $43,970, $43,785, and $42,846, respectively. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed PFMT to be the most cost-effective treatment option at a willingness to pay of US $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year. The findings of our cost-utility analysis favor PFMT as the most cost-effective nonsurgical treatment option for SUI. Cost-effectiveness for 1 year of treatment was also favorable for Impressa and Uresta. In jurisdictions where there is no public funding for PFMT, Impressa or Uresta are alternatives for women wishing to avoid surgery.

Background. Paraurethral injection of bulking agents in women is one of the minimally invasive technologies for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The effectiveness and safety of this method depend on the properties of injected substance. Aim. To evaluate the results of paraurethral injections of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether crosslinked high-density hyaluronic acid (EsteFILL® intim) in the treatment of SUI in women of reproductive and perimenopausal age. Materials and methods. We examined 18 patients aged 45.8±5.0 years with mild SUI in combination with grade I–II genital prolapse. After general clinical and special studies (urination diaries, King and PISQ-12 questionnaires, cough test, complex urodynamic study, urethrovesical segment and pelvic floor ultrasound with compression elastography) paraurethral injection of 4.0 ml EsteFILL® intim drug was performed. The results of therapy were studied 1 and 6 months after the procedure. Results. It was found that the injection of the drug contributed to an increase in the stiffness of paraurethral tissues by 1.5 times within 6 months after injection. According to the results of elastography before treatment, the average value of the strain ratio of paraurethral tissues of the proximal posterior wall of the urethra was 0.66±0.46 (0.42–0.91), after 1 and 6 months – 0.99±0.45 (0.76–1.23) and 1.00±0.36 (0.78–1.22) respectively; p=0.009 and 0.018. The effectiveness of EsteFILL® intim drug in the treatment of mild SUI in women after 1 and 6 months according to the results of a cough test was 88.2 and 71.4%, according to urination diaries – 88.9 and 66.7% respectively. During the entire observation period the patients noted a decrease in the degree of discomfort due to SUI and an improvement in the quality of life. Conclusion. Paraurethral injection of EsteFILL® intim drug helps to increase the stiffness of the urethra supporting structures in patients with SUI. This method of treating SUI is effective for women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with mild severity disease, who do not plan surgical treatment, are interested in achieving a quick result of therapy and are informed that the effect decreases over time after the procedure.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated application of pulsating low-frequency alternating electric and intense focused electromagnetic fields, as well as isolated exposure to intense focused electromagnetic fields in order to improve the quality of life of women with stress urinary incontinence. Design. Prospective randomized study. Key points. The study involved 105 menopausal and postmenopausal women aged 46-62 years (average age — 55.1 ± 4.4 years) with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence, the duration of the disease was 5.8 ± 2.5 years. The patients were divided into three groups with comparable clinical and functional characteristics: the main group (n = 35) received complex treatment, including high-intensity focused electromagnetic (VIFEM) therapy and electrostatic massage using a pulsating low-frequency alternating electric field, the comparison group (n = 35) underwent VIFEM therapy, the control group (n = 35) included women who were prescribed conservative treatment, including a bladder training program and behavioral therapy. The psychoemotional state and overall quality of life of the patients before and after treatment were assessed based on data obtained using a short form of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the QOL (Quality of Life) scale. Results. After the therapy, there was an improvement in QOL scores in the main group by 65.7% (p < 0.01), in the comparison group by 40% (p < 0.05) and in the control group by 8-18% (p > 0.05), as well as a decrease in the IIQ-7 questionnaire, especially in the main group — an average of 3.23 times, which was confirmed by a significant decrease in the sum of points: from the initial 13.6 ± 0.2 to 4.2 ± 0.02 after treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The combined use of pulsating low-frequency alternating electric and high-intensity focused electromagnetic fields in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women, compared with single exposure, provides a significant improvement in both the physical and emotional state of patients and significantly improves their quality of life, which allows it to be recommended for use in a wide clinical practice. Key words: stress urinary incontinence in women, the condition of the pelvic floor muscles, electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles, pulsating low-frequency alternating electric field, intense focused electromagnetic field, improvement of quality of life.

BackgroundPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first-line treatment for urinary incontinence, but adherence to PFMT is generally poor. Currently, a number of novel strategies exist to facilitate adherence of PFMT. We sought to determine effectiveness of mHealth app-based PFMT for treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or stress-predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) in women. The primary objective was to assess the effects of mHealth app-based PFMT and usual treatment on severity of the symptom, the quality of life (QoL) of users and the patient’s global impression of improvement. The secondary objective was to assess how mHealth app use affects adherence of PFMT.MethodsAll randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials aimed at evaluating the effects of mHealth app-based PFMT in women with SUI or stress-predominant MUI were included. Twelve electronic databases, namely the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of science, OVID, SciELO, REHABDATA, PEDro database, Chinese CNKI and Wanfang and the Open Grey databases were used as search sources. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42020183515). This systematic review was developed following the PRISMA 2020 Checklist. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for Randomized Controlled Trials was used to assess risk of bias in included studies. Two authors extracted the data into a standardized spreadsheet.ResultsSix studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The full sample included 439 patients with treatment via mHealth app and 442 controls of usual treatment. ICIQ-UI SF, ICIQ-VS, and QUID scores decreased after follow-up in the mHealth app and control groups in six studies. ICIQ-LUTS QoL scores decreased after follow-up in the mHealth app and control groups in three studies. In only one study, ICIQ-VS QoL scores decreased after 1 month and 2 months of follow-up in the mHealth app group, but increased abruptly after 3 months of follow-up. EQ5D-VAS scores increased in both groups in one study. The percentage of PGI-I increased in the mHealth app group in three studies after follow-up. After follow-up in three studies, BPMSES scores and self-reported adherence scores increased in the mHealth app group relative to the initial time point, but in one study, at 6 months compared with 3 months of follow-up, adherence scores decreased slightly in the mHealth app group.ConclusionsThis systematic review determined that mHealth app-based PFMT showed promise from the perspective of improving both outcomes and exercise adherence.

BackgroundWe evaluated the utility of three-dimensional transperineal ultrasonography in detecting occult stress urinary incontinence in women undergoing anterior pelvic floor reconstruction surgery for severe cystocele.Material/MethodsWe enrolled 207 women with stage III–IV cystocele without urinary stress incontinence. One week before the operation, the patients underwent pelvic floor ultrasonography. We measured the vertical distance between the bladder neck and posterior margin of the pubic symphysis, the posterior vesicourethral angle, the urethral rotation angle, the formation of funnel shape, the hiatus area, and the length of the urethra and the funnel shape. Postoperatively, the patients were evaluated for symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and with the 20-minute pad test.ResultsThe posterior vesicourethral angle with Valsalva maneuver, the difference in the posterior vesicourethral angle between the resting state and with the Valsalva state, and the angle of the proximal urethra were larger in the incontinence-positive group than in the incontinence-negative group (P<0.05). Funnel shape urethra was longer in the incontinence-positive group than in the incontinence-negative group (P<0.05). The cutoff value was 137.5° for the posterior vesicourethral angle with Valsalva maneuver, 39.5° for the difference in the posterior vesicourethral angle, 44.5° for the angle of the proximal urethra, and 0.35 cm for the length of the funnel shape. Multivariate analysis revealed that the difference between the posterior vesicourethral angle in the resting state and with Valsalva, the angle of the proximal urethra, and the length of funnel shape were strongly correlated with occult stress urinary incontinence.ConclusionsUltrasonography is an effective method for identifying occult stress urinary incontinence.

The relationship between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women remains unclear, and the potential mediating roles of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in this process have not been extensively studied. This analysis aimed to explore the association between elevated LAP indices and SUI in women, specifically examining the mediating effects of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Data from 4,292 participants across 6 consecutive cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Logistic regression and subgroup analyses, adjusted for various covariates, were performed to investigate the relationship between LAP and the prevalence of SUI in adult women. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the contributions of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors to this association. The prevalence of SUI among women in the United States was 46.02%. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio for LAP and SUI was 1.003 (95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.004; P=0.002), indicating a positive association. Gamma-glutamyl transferase mediated this relationship, explaining 40.0% of the effect (P=0.036). This study's findings indicate a positive association between LAP and the prevalence of SUI in women, with oxidative stress potentially acting as a mediator in this relationship.

€‚ Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is commonly used to treat lower urinary tract dysfunctions. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel externally applied stimulator in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). €‚ Nine women were included in this study. Provocative tests included a cough and jumping jack test assessed via pad weight. Ultrasound (US) imaging assessed pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction. A bladder filling protocol allowed for delineation of the bladder from the pelvic floor and standardized volume. External electrodes were used during 30 €ƒmin, at least four times per week treatment protocol at home for eight weeks. Participants were blinded to US and were not instructed regarding pelvic floor contractions. €‚ At week 1, participants could perform PFM contractions verified with US. More importantly, an 87.43% decrease in leakage was noted. At week 8, participants reported a 97.71% decrease in leakage (p= 0.0001). Changes noted in Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and Modified Oxford scores were significant (p= 0.0001 and p= 0.0001). €‚ NMES is frequently used to promote muscle strength and coordination. Studies have shown NMES to be effective in decreasing symptoms associated with SUI; however, few, if any, have used it as a primary treatment modality. The novel device in this study was shown to be effective in improving muscle strength, reducing or ablating the symptoms associated with SUI, and in eliciting PFM contractions. The device is noninvasive and can be used as a home treatment.

The aim of this study was to investigate how e-pelvic floor muscle training (e-PFMT) affected urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Fifty-five women with SUI symptoms were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 27) or the control (n = 28) group. Both groups were given lifestyle advice about SUI. The intervention group performed e-PFMT three days a week, one day via videoconference, and was supervised by a physiotherapist for eight weeks. UI symptoms were assessed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), the Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), the Urinary Distress Inventory−6 (UDI−6), and QoL was assessed by the King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ) before and after intervention. After intervention, the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale was used to assess improvement, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess adherence. While the intervention group’s ICIQ-UI SF, ISI, and UDI−6 scores improved (p < .001), there was no change in the control group (p > .05). Except for personal relationship limitations, all KHQ scores improved in the intervention group. The control group’s role limitations and sleep/energy disturbances scores worsened. ICIQ-UI SF (p = .004), ISI (p < .001), and UDI−6 (p < .001) scores of the intervention group were improved compared to the control group. PGI-I and adherence were found to be higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. e-PFMT performed via videoconference to women with SUI, was found to be effective in improving UI symptoms and QoL as compared to lifestyle instructions only.

Traditional suburethral slings are surgical operations used to treat women with symptoms of stress urinary incontinence. To determine the effects of traditional suburethral slings on stress or mixed incontinence in comparison with other management options. We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register (searched 3 June 2010) and the reference lists of relevant articles. Randomised or quasi-randomised trials that included traditional suburethral slings for the treatment of stress or mixed urinary incontinence. At least three reviewers independently extracted data from included trials onto a standard form and assessed trial methodological quality. The data abstracted were relevant to predetermined outcome measures. Where appropriate, a summary statistic was calculated: a relative risk for dichotomous data and a weighted mean difference for continuous data. Twenty six trials involving 2284 women were included. The quality of evidence was moderate for most trials and there was generally short follow-up ranging from 6-24 months.One medium sized trial compared traditional suburethral sling operations with oxybutynin in the treatment of mixed urinary incontinence patients. Surgery appeared to be more effective than drugs in treating patient-reported incontinence (n = 75, Risk Ratio (RR) 0.18, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.43).One trial found that traditional slings were more effective than transurethral injectable treatment (RR for clinician-assessed incontinence within a year 0.21; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.21), and also cheaper on average cost.Seven trials compared slings with open abdominal retropubic colposuspension. Patient-reported incontinence was lower with the slings after one year (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.90), but not when assessed by clinicians. Colposuspension, however, was associated with fewer peri-operative complications, shorter duration of use of indwelling catheter and less long term voiding dysfunction. One study showed there was a 20% lower risk of bladder perforation with the sling procedure but a 50% increase in urinary tract infection with the sling procedure compared with colposuspension. Fewer women developed prolapse after slings (compared with after colposuspension) in two small trials but this did not reach statistical significance.Twelve trials addressed the comparison between traditional sling operations and minimally invasive sling operations.These seemed to be equally effective in the short term (RR for incontinence within first year 0.97; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.20) but minimally invasive slings had a shorter operating time, fewer peri-operative complications (other than bladder perforation) and some evidence of less post-operative voiding dysfunction and detrusor symptoms.Six trials compared one type of traditional sling with another. Materials included porcine dermis, lyophilised dura mater, fascia lata, vaginal wall, autologous dermis and rectus fascia. Patient-reported improvement rates within the first year favoured the traditional autologous material rectus fascia over other biological materials (RR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21 to 0.98). There were more complications with the use of non-absorbable Goretex in one trial.Data for comparison of bladder neck needle suspension with suburethral slings were inconclusive because they came from a single trial with a small specialised population.No trials compared traditional suburethral slings with anterior repair, laparoscopic retropubic colposuspension or artificial sphincters. Most trials did not distinguish between women having surgery for primary or recurrent incontinence when reporting patient characteristics.For most of the comparisons, clinically important differences could not be ruled out. Traditional slings seem to be as effective as minimally invasive slings, but had higher rates of adverse effects. This should be interpreted with some caution however, as the quality of evidence for the studies was variable, follow-up short and populations small, particularly for identifying complication rates. Tradional sling procedures appeared to confer a similar cure rate in comparison to open retropubic colposuspension, but the long term adverse event profile is still unclear. Reliable evidence to clarify whether or not traditional suburethral slings may be better or worse than other surgical or conservative management options is lacking.

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition among a large number of women and has a negative effect on their quality of life. One treatment option is the use of bio-injectable materials to enhance closing pressures. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the periurethral injection of pure platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled clinical trial on 20 women with stress urinary incontinence. Ten patients received periurethral injections of pure platelet-rich plasma (experimental group), while ten patients received midurethral sling procedure as the standard treatment for stress urinary incontinence ((control group). Follow-up was performed one and three months after the treatment using the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire (ICIQ), incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) questionnaire, urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6), and cough stress test. Results: Out of ten patients in the experimental group, seven cases (70%) relatively recovered after the injection. Out of ten patients in the control group, eight patients completely recovered after the procedure. There was significant difference in the questionnaire results before and after treatments, which indicates the effectiveness of these treatments in both groups. However, the response to the midurethral sling procedure was better than the response to pure platelet-rich plasma injection, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The periurethral injection of a single dose of pure platelet-rich plasma could relatively eliminate the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence in patients. More definite results can be obtained with repeated doses of pure platelet-rich plasma, even compared with standard treatments.

Background:To conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) vs PFMT for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods:Four English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and 4 Chinese databases (the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang DATA, the Chongqing VIP Database, China Biomedical Database) were manually searched for literature published from dates of the inception of the databases to December 23rd, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture combined with PFMT vs PFMT for female SUI were included. Relevant literature was screened, and the data of the included studies were extracted according to the risk of bias tool for quality assessment.Results:A total of 1974 patients were included in 22 RCTs. There were 990 cases in the experimental group (acupuncture combined with PFMT) and 984 cases in the control group (PFMT). The result showed that combination treatment was superior to PFMT alone, and there were statistically significant differences in several outcomes including relative risk in change for total effective rate (relative risk = 1.29, 95% CI 1.21–1.37, P < .001), weighted mean differences (WMD) in change for urine leakage on a 1-hour pad test (WMD = −2.58, 95% CI −3.33 to −1.84, P < .001), Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form score (WMD = −2.69, 95% CI −3.45 to −1.92, P < .001), Quality of Life Questionnaire score (WMD = 11.09, 95% CI 8.41–13.77, P < .001), and IIQ-7 score (WMD = −3.35, 95% CI −4.14 to −2.56, P < .001).Conclusion:Acupuncture combined with PFMT can significantly reduce the urine leakage on a 1-hour pad test, and improve the total effective rate and quality of life in female SUI patients. However, the number of included articles are limited, and more high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these results.

Despite growing interest in overactive bladder (OAB), urinary incontinence (UI), and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), there is no epidemiologic study on the prevalence in general population of Korea. This survey was aimed at estimating the prevalence of OAB, UI, and other LUTS among Korean men and women. Population-based cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted between May and September 2006 using questionnaire regarding demographics and the prevalence. A geographically stratified random sample of men and women aged ≥ 18 years were selected. Current International Continence Society definitions were used for individual LUTS and OAB. Of a total of 9,067 individuals contacted, 2,000 (888 men, 1,112 women) agreed to participate. Overall prevalence of LUTS was 61.4% (53.7% of men, 68.9% of women) and the prevalence increased with age. Storage LUTS was more prevalent than voiding or post-micturition LUTS in both men (storage; 44.6%, voiding; 28.5%, post-micturition; 15.9%) and women (storage; 64.4%, voiding; 25.9%, post-micturition; 13.9%). Nocturia was the most frequently reported symptom (36.6% of men, 48.2% of women). Overall prevalence of OAB was 12.2% (10.0% of men, 14.3% of women). UI was reported by 2.9% of men and 28.4% of women. The most prevalent type was other UI in men and stress urinary incontinence in women. Lower urinary tract symptoms and OAB are prevalent among Korean men and women and the prevalence increases with age. Storage LUTS is more prevalent than voiding or post-micturition LUTS and nocturia is the most common symptom.