كيف يشكل المنطق المؤسساتي تصورات وممارسات السلامة: من منظور سلامة صيانة الطائرات.

Occupational exposure to noise and hearing thresholds among civilian aircraft maintenance workers

Psychological and physiological fatigue variation and fatigue factors in aircraft line maintenance crews

This article illustrates how the theory of institutional logics can be used for analyzing the identity of social workers and clients, focusing on people processing that precedes treatment (control access, assessment, and treatment deliberation, among others). The article has two research questions: (1) What identities of social workers and clients can be distinguished by institutional logics? (2) How are identities intertwined in practice (exemplified by well-established decision-making models such as evidence-based practice, family group conference, and government by voucher)? Identity is examined using institutional logics and the findings reported in the current body of social work literature. The article derives two conclusions. The first conclusion is that institutional logics can be used for distinguishing ideal type identities: three client identities, namely taken care of community member (community logic), active citizen (participatory democracy logic), and consumer (market logic); and three social worker identities, namely professional (professional logic), bureaucrat (State logic), and executor of management directives (corporation logic). The second conclusion is that identities and institutional logics coexist in well-established models for processing people and treatment deliberation, but the conditions for coexistence differ. For instance, evidence-based practice is characterized by segregation (a bureaucratic and a professional alignment have been separated from the original version of EBP), whereas family group conference and government by voucher are typified by assimilation (logics coexist with the core elements of original logics preserved). Keywords: social work, institutional logics, people processing, decision-making

Domestic waste collectors face major public health hazards that result in injuries and morbidity globally. This study explored domestic waste collectors’ perceptions of occupational safety and self-reported health issues in a city in Ghana using a phenomenological qualitative research design. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were held with 64 domestic waste collectors from two waste companies. The transcribed data were imported into NVivo 11.0 software (QSR International, Burlington, MA, USA) for coding, and a content analysis was applied to analyze all the transcribed data using the processes of induction and deduction. The consensual views from the domestic waste collectors showed the waste-company employers’ non-interest in the domestic waste collectors’ occupational safety and health. Poor communication from employers to domestic waste collectors and huge workloads were identified as the causes of the poor implementation of occupational safety practices, which exposed the domestic waste collectors to occupational health hazards. The domestic waste collectors reported that they suffered from occupational injuries, psychosocial disorders, work-related stress, and frequent burnout. The domestic waste collectors adopted coping strategies, such as self-medication, to deal with these occupational hazards, since most of them were not covered by guaranteed health insurance. In addition, the study revealed the non-compliance and non-enforcement of occupational health and safety policies by the employers to guide health and safety training and practices among the domestic waste collectors. In conclusion, the findings suggest that DWCs are exposed to occupational safety and health hazards in their work. Waste-company employers should extend welfare benefits to DWCs, such as health insurance and social security benefits, to ensure their security, health, and well-being. The findings could inform the design of intervention programs and policies to guide training and practices for domestic waste collectors.

This study examined perceptions of general and emotional health among a statewide sample of nurses, and their assessment of employers' workplace health and safety initiatives. These variables and demographic data were then used to model predictors of intention to leave their work positions. A survey was mailed to all registered nurses in one state. Fifty-three percent responded ( n = 3,955). Findings suggested marked differences in perception of emotional health by age, with younger nurses reporting less positive perceptions of their emotional health. Perceptions of employers' safety and health initiatives varied by age, setting, and work role. Predictors of intention to leave included lower perceived emotional health among younger nurses and employer safety initiatives for both age groups. This exploratory study suggests a relationship among employer health and safety practices, nurses' emotional health, and intention to leave. Implications for occupational health nurses are detailed.

Since the beginning of globalisation and open sky policies, airlines experience intense competition, and their performance get affected by many external factors in addition to internal issues. Fuel price fluctuation, aircraft maintenance, labour and aircraft technical operations cost are primary factors that significantly drain the budget of an airline while exerting strong impact on its operational performance. However, this study focused on effects of external factors, such as political, economic and legal mandates on an airline performance. Therefore, relationships between these factors and airline operational performance are identified and analysed in this paper. Kenya Airways has been chosen as a representative airline for this study. Nevertheless, examples from other airlines are also included for the analysis. Data for this research were collected though a descriptive survey designed according to a qualitative mixed approach. Consequently, focused interviews and questionnaires were used, and reliability of obtained results was checked using Cronbach’s alpha method. The results indicate strong positive correlations between the external factors and performance of an airline. This study therefore confirms that performance of an airline can be influence by market driven fluctuations or intentionally altered external factors discussed in this project.

The turn of this century has seen every industry increasingly automated by artificial intelligence (AI), putting manual work that would take hours to complete, into the hands of mere algorithms. The aerospace industry is not much different. This chapter focuses on applications of AI in airports, space, and general aviation. AI for the airport manifests in the form of systems for passenger identification and baggage screening, and the use of chatbots to answer customer queries. The applications of AI in the space sector vary from remote sensing and space exploration robotics to dynamic guidance of rockets and payloads, all of which could potentially make a manned human exploration redundant. Meanwhile, AI in the general aviation sector can be applied in the autonomous control of aircraft for stability, safety in aircraft maintenance and repair operations, and finally improvement of fuel efficiency through the application of AI that carefully monitors and controls fuel injection based on the estimated maximum efficiency at instantaneous ambient conditions.

The role of human factors in aviation ground operation-related accidents/incidents: A human error analysis approach

This study investigates the factors influencing employees’ perceptions of occupational safety management in plastic manufacturing factories in Lamphun Province, Thailand, a growing industrial hub with significant safety challenges. The research was guided by two objectives: (1) to examine employees’ perceptions of occupational safety management and (2) to identify the organizational and managerial factors shaping these perceptions. The study applied a quantitative research design to ensure systematic measurement and generalizable findings. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn from 58 factories, consisting of 58 managers, 58 safety officers, and 284 production employees, using stratified and proportional sampling methods. Structured questionnaires were developed and validated with expert review and a pilot test, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.914, indicating high reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression techniques. Findings revealed that employees generally reported high perceptions of safety management (Mean = 4.06, SD = 0.50), recognizing strong practices such as accident investigations, new-hire safety orientation, hazard surveys, and regular health examinations. Managers expressed high levels of safety attitudes (Mean = 4.34, SD = 0.31), especially toward policy and compliance, whereas safety officers demonstrated moderate overall practice (Mean = 3.20, SD = 0.30) with notable strengths in safety management, surveying, and prevention but less consistency across domains. Correlation analysis indicated that managerial attitudes were positively associated with officers’ practices (r = .38–.52, p ≤ .01), which in turn significantly influenced employees’ perceptions, confirming an indirect leadership effect. Regression analysis identified officers’ visible management practices (e.g., safety committees, training, role assignments) as the strongest predictor of employees’ safety perceptions (β = .194, p = .027). Interestingly, managerial planning attitudes exhibited negative coefficients across several models, suggesting that over-formalized or misaligned planning weakened effective safety implementation. These results support safety-climate theory by demonstrating that employees’ perceptions are shaped less by direct managerial attitudes than by the practices operationalized by safety officers. The findings highlight the importance of aligning leadership, officer practices, and employee engagement to strengthen occupational safety outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by contextualizing safety management within Thailand’s industrial sector and offers practical implications for policymakers and factory managers to refine training, participatory planning, and continuous improvement in safety systems.

At present, during the overall design of civil aircraft in China, although the aircraft system safety analysis activities have become more and more perfect, the failure to systematically considering the safety of the aircraft maintenance operation process may still lead to a large number of aircraft accidents caused by maintenance errors. This paper studies a complete set of evaluation methods for the safety of civil aircraft maintenance operations, including the evaluation process and specific implementation tools, and introduces in detail the maintenance operation steps, hazard identification, risk level evaluation, and improvement measures as well as methods and tools related to evaluation of process control. The application of this method is proved to be reasonable and effective, which can greatly save the development cycle and cost.

Due to changes brought upon by covid in society, the aviation industry has also entered a new phase that is different from the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aims to enhance our understanding of people's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and their perception regarding aviation safety. Specifically, the study investigates whether in-flight services focusing on sanitation and preventative measures against the virus alleviated negative emotions such as fear and anxiety among passengers, and how this affected their risk perception and group efficacy through cognitive value. To achieve the purpose of the study, an online survey was conducted in December 2021 of passengers with experience boarding aircraft after the COVID-19 outbreak, and 211 valid responses out of 308 were used for analysis. The analysis of the data revealed that in-flight services had a positive effect on cognitive value, which in turn had a positive effect on risk perception and collective efficacy among air passengers. The overall evaluation of in-flight services indicated that passengers now place a greater emphasis on hygiene and quarantine measures. Furthermore, there has been a notable promotion of passengers' efforts and attitudes towards not only ensuring their own safety but also the safety of others and society, which has resulted in a significant improvement in responsible behavior. Key Words: cognitive value, group-efficacy, collective efficacy, safety perception, inflight service, airline service quality

This chapter introduces a few theoretical terms and points out some caveats with these terms that are perhaps not always apparent. It takes the form of a discussion between concepts around professions and professionalism, and the abstract theory of institutional logics. The chapter begins by discussing the term ‘profession’, and recognizes a need for a more detailed way of discussing the characteristics of professionalism. In order to develop this, the chapter looks at the theory of institutional logics, drawing on Freidson's framework, to set the stage for a more distinct discussion of professionalism and its relation to markets and bureaucracy. It then turns to discussing professional service organization. The chapter outlines these theoretical influences in what the author chosen to call a ‘Janusian’ view on institutional logics.

The study aimed to diagnose the technical conditions of household electrical installations in Flor de Manabí and to assess changes in community perception of electrical risk after an educational and corrective intervention. The research was carried out using an applied and descriptive approach, framed within a service-learning model that integrated technical diagnosis, electrical maintenance, family training, and field follow-up. During the process, widespread deficiencies were identified, such as the absence of circuit breakers, unsafe splices, exposed wiring, and the lack of grounding systems. These conditions posed significant risks of electrocution and domestic fires. The intervention consisted of installing basic protective devices, replacing defective components, channeling conductors, and correcting hazardous connections. In parallel, community workshops were conducted to promote safe practices and strengthen knowledge on how to respond to electrical emergencies. The results showed substantial technical improvements in all the households served, along with a notable increase in families’ perception of safety. Residents shifted from reporting concern and uncertainty to expressing greater confidence and understanding of the safe functioning of their installations. Likewise, the experience strengthened the professional competencies of the students involved and consolidated the connection between the university and the community. In conclusion, the intervention demonstrated that combining technical actions with preventive education was an effective strategy to reduce electrical risks in rural areas and to foster a community culture of safety.

To explore how self-reported coastal visitation, participation, risk perception, safety knowledge, experiences and safety practices differed between regional and remote, and major city residents to inform remoteness-specific coastal drowning prevention efforts. This study used data obtained from the annual National Coastal Safety Survey from 2018 to 2023. Data were postweighted proportionally according to age, gender and Australian Statistical Geography Standard classification using 2021 census population data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to identify key differences in the behaviours, knowledge, and experiences of regional and remote respondents as compared to major city respondents. A total of 14 210 respondents were included in this dataset. Regional and remote respondents were more likely to visit an unpatrolled beach, particularly when swimming/wading (n = 929, 42.3%; χ2 = 502.14, p < 0.001). However, similar proportions of regional and remote and major city respondents reported following safety practices on patrolled beaches. Regional and remote respondents were more likely to consider sea and weather conditions for all coastal activities, but there was little difference between remoteness groups regarding rip current identification, perceptions and experiences. This study demonstrates that future coastal safety research should consider the impact of remoteness to corroborate the findings of this study: that a significant contributor to the regional and remote drowning burden is a lack of access to patrolled beaches. Regional and remote residents are more likely to frequent unpatrolled beaches but, if able to visit a patrolled beach, are just as likely as major city residents to adhere to safety practices.

Identifying neighborhood typologies associated with adolescent alcohol use can inform the development of harm reduction strategies. Utilizing data from a nationally representative youth survey (n = 4267) in New Zealand, latent class analysis was used to categorize neighborhood types (defined by 10 demographic, social and environmental indicators) to investigate their association with alcohol consumption and related harm. Three neighborhood types were distinguished: (1) "high outlet density and economic deprivation" (30 % of all neighborhoods); (2) "high deprivation, social disorganization, and unsafe" (38 %); and (3) "higher income, safe, and socially organized" (32 %). Significant ethnic variation was evident between neighborhood types. There was an age-group interaction in the main effects with significant associations between neighborhood type and drinking measures and harm most apparent among younger adolescents (<16years), as described next. Compared to students residing in "higher income, safe, and socially organized" neighborhoods, the frequency of binge drinking and high typical consumption was significantly higher in students residing in "high outlet density and economic deprivation" and "high deprivation, social disorganization, and unsafe", with students residing in "high outlet density and economic deprivation" also experiencing higher levels of alcohol-related harm. The findings that neighborhoods characterized by high deprivation and alcohol outlet density and low social organization and perceptions of safety were associated with risky drinking patterns and harm, specifically among young adolescents, underscores the importance of adopting a developmental approach to the study of contextual effects on adolescents.