АНТИКОРРУПЦИОННОЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ В УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ РОССИИ: НОРМАТИВНЫЕ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

The development of a digital society is a trend in every country, posing many new requirements on digital capacity for state agencies, civil servants, and citizens so that people's transactions with the state are carried out in the digital environment, and civil servants play the role of the subject in performing this task. This means civil servants must have digital knowledge and skills, form digital capacity to perform public duties, interact, and solve people's work in the digital environment. This study builds a theoretical framework on the digital capacity of civil servants, including (1) Competency in using digital technology, (2) Competency in exploiting digital data, (3) Competency in performing digital transactions. The author designs a theoretical model aimed at assessing the impact of these three digital capacities on the work results of civil servants in the digital environment. The survey was conducted with a sample size of N = 450 commune-level local civil servants from three provinces with difficult conditions and low growth in three regions of Vietnam, including Lai Chau province (North), Quang Ngai province (Central), and An Giang province (South). The research results show that commune-level local civil servants self-assess their digital capacity at a low level in all three of the above contents. This reality poses requirements for the development and implementation of training and fostering policies on digital capacity for local civil servants in Vietnam today. With that research conclusion, the author suggests some contents to improve policies to develop digital capacity and enhance the quality of local civil servants in Vietnam in the trend of a digital society.

When explaining female criminal behavior from the scientific standpoint, researchers study it from different angles — criminological, criminal law and penitentiary. In the current article, the author examines female criminal behavior within the scope of not only anthropological and sociological approaches, by also of the psychological approach aimed at analyzing the causes of deviant behavior that does not correspond to the requirements of laws or social norms. It is noted that the sociological approach to researching female crime is based on taking into account not only quantitative characteristics of the social space, but also the social characteristics of women, which are undergoing a transformation due to a changing role of women in society. The author summarizes modern trends of female crime and notes that it is highly dynamic and thus leading to a considerable gap between the practice of counteracting female criminal behavior which is due and expected by the society and the existing methods of preventive work used by the state. The scientific substantiation of approaches to researching female crime and the author’s own vision of the problem are used for working out recommendations aimed at enriching criminal law science in its search for optimal ways and effective means of counteracting female criminal behavior. Scientific substantiation of female criminal behavior allows the author to identify key trends for the development of social, criminal and penitentiary policy oriented at women. This problem has a considerable potential for further research touching upon not only criminal law, penitentiary and criminological spheres of work, but also political, ideological, economic, cultural-social, psychological and moral spheres of social life, which predetermined the contents of the current article.

Aim. The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of corruption phobia among state and municipal employees in the context of the relationship between the state and society. The methodological purpose of the study was the primary validation and (verification of reliability, as well as constructive and convergent validity) and adaptation of an original questionnaire of corruption phobia on a sample of civil servants engaged in combating corruption.Methodology. The study involved 83 active civil servants engaged in combating corruption in executive authorities (average age is 45.65years; 77.1% of men and 22.9% of women). As the main tool for the study of corruption phobia, an original questionnaire, containing 23 statements with which the respondents were asked to express their degree of agreement on the R. Likert scale, was used. A 5-point corruption awareness questionnaire was used to verify the convergent validity of the corruption phobia questionnaire. In the search for personal determinants of corruption phobia, the 16-point questionnaire “Orientation to Social Dominance” (OSD), which underwent primary adaptation, and a short version of the questionnaire of the dark triad in adaptation by Egorova et al.Results. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the data from the study of corruption phobia allowed us to identify 5 factors: 1) the humanitarian costs of fighting corruption; 2) corruption-optimism; 3) reducing the initiative of officials; 4) faith in the power of laws in the fight against corruption and 5) simulation of activity and caution. All the scale factors showed an acceptable level of reliability in terms of internal consistency. During the verification of convergent validity, explicable relationships between the scales of the questionnaire of corruption phobia and the indicators of the questionnaire of orientation to social dominance were found, and correlations of corruption phobia with manifestations of two parameters of the dark triad (Machiavellianism and psychopathy) were also revealed. Russian population is more pessimistic than government officials, assessing the prevalence of corruption in society and the degree of anti-corruption resistance of human nature in its temptation by a corrupt environment. Officials who live in the provinces are more confident that the fight against corruption in Russia is systemic than those who live in megacities. Younger respondents (probably less experienced) are more confident that the majority of Russian corrupt officials have been punished as they deserve. Older civil servants believe that the fight against corruption in Russia forces officials not to take unnecessary initiative and often makes them callous and callous towards people’s problems. Atheistic officials are more confident that the fight against corruption makes officials closed people, as well as that the fight against corruption in Russia leads to a weakening of the initiative of civil servants. Respondents with a low subjective income level are more confident that countering corruption in Russia makes officials want to work more effectively, as well as that the fight against corruption in Russia is systemic. The analysis of correlations between corruption phobia and attitudes towards social dominance showed that respondents who believe that anti-corruption in Russia is being conducted effectively are significantly more likely to advocate egalitarianism, and support for the accusation of officials that they, against the background of the fight against corruption, tend to refuse non-standard requests of the population is significantly related to the idea of rivalry (competition parameter). Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopathy manifested themselves in positive relationships with signs of the “factor of the humanitarian costs of corruption phobia”, which lead officials to ignore the requests of the population (they can make them closed, soulless and callous towards people’s problems; often turn their activities into campaigning, interfering with the implementation of real assistance to the population; mask the interests of individual officials by fighting corruption or their departments). Narcissism turned out to be unrelated to manifestations of corruption phobia.Research implications. The theoretical significance of the work consists in the further development of the concept of “corruption phobia” based on the empirical material obtained and the relationship of the phenomenon with social dominance and components of the dark triad of personality. The practical significance of the study lies primarily in the fact that the “Questionnaire of corruption phobia” can be a useful tool in the diagnostic arsenal for the study of officials by such specialists as certified psychologists, HR managers with psychological education and graduates of educational programs “Psychology of official activity”.

Social space has received increased interest in the social sciences and in study of religion. Studies of religion frequently use theorists like Lefebvre, Harvey, Foucault, de Certeau and Massey. Schatzki’s theory of ‘timespace activity’ has received attention in the social sciences, less so in research on religion. This article gives an interpretation of timespace activity and discusses possible implications for the understanding of religion. Schatzki understands time and space as interwoven with social practices or activities. This means that social practices are not only the ‘doing-mode’ of society and religion, but a social ontology that understands the social as nexuses of social and material practices. Social practices are stretched out in time and space, and simultaneously, social practices do or produce time and space. Schatzki understands time and space not as separate and relating, but as intertwined. This interwoven character is expressed in the concept ‘timespace activity’. Furthermore, timespace activity has a teleoaffective structure. Practices and actors have drives towards something that is emotionally valuable. The paper argues that timespace activity can contribute to the understanding of religion, in the sense that religion is fundamentally everyday, impure practices, often in nexuses with numerous other practices. On this account religion is not practiced, religion is practice. Religion as practice produce timespaces and realities and affective drives which constitute the active positioning and negotiation of the participating actors.

There exists an apparent paradox between the continuing significance and growing glamorization of the professional game on a global scale and the increasingly unstable labour market conditions affecting professional football players at the national level – in this case, the Scottish professional football field. In this paper, we utilize Pierre Bourdieu's formula of habitus, capital and field to frame professional footballers' social practices – with specific emphasis on their engagement (or lack of engagement) with educational discourses. We also employ Bourdieu's concept of strategy to consider the ways in which footballers' identities might be reformulated within rather than outside the boundaries of the professional football field. Empirically, data generated from an in-depth qualitative study of two Scottish professional football clubs are presented. The paper concludes that, despite the increased awareness and availability of educational opportunities, players' engagement with educational discourses is, at best, an instrumental, means-end and outcome-based one.

The article is dedicated to the analysis of negative aspects of the use of social media in civil service and the substantiation of the necessity of legal regulation of civil servants’ conduct in the web space. It is mentioned that the Internet virtual space has become another new place of life of a contemporary human and a civil servant as well. Like in physical and social space, a human is able to act, be active, influence the situation and other people while equally depending on their reverse influence. This requires greater responsibility from civil servants for the content of their posts and the information shared by them on social media as well as understanding that contacts established there shall still obey the law and the rules of virtual life. Emphasis is put upon the necessity of civil servants’ considering of the specific nature of social media that can constitute certain dangers. It becomes possible to invade their professional and private life, their personal data; they may be blackmailed, put under political pressure and so forth. Focus is placed on the absence of proper regulation of civil servants’ ethical conduct in the web space by the state. At the same time, the article shows international experience in the matter of regulation of a civil servant’s socialization in the web space. The authors examine foreign legislative acts regulating the particular question of the interaction of a civil servant’s real and virtual life. This leads to the conclusion about the advisability of the introduction of special recommendations or an ethical code which would regulate the rules of conducting civil servants’ web life. It is also emphasized that the implementation of the corresponding rules of British legislation into Ukraine would become a significant step to resolving civil servants’ web problems.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to investigate how boys communicate previous experiences of cultural norms in physical education (PE) practice. This was done by analyzing what boys (from a school in the United Kingdom) remember about PE 2 years after they last participated. Making use of autobiographical memory theory and John Dewey's notions of reactualization of experience and collateral learning, we discuss the results of the study in terms of re-membering. Method: The participants in this study were 20 boys from a secondary school in the United Kingdom. At the time of the study, 11 of the boys were aged 16 to 17 years old and 9 were aged 17 to 18 years old. These boys were interviewed using a semistructured approach to explore their autobiographical memories of PE. Results: The overarching “logic” of memories of PE was sport. Almost all of the boys' articulated memories were of doing sports, albeit in various capacities. Beyond the main theme, the article positions the boys' recollections against established cultural norms of PE as a social practice and explores three subthemes: (a) just doing the game in a traditional curriculum though a multiactivity sport discourse; (b) learning the games in a technical sport discourse; and (c) learning beyond the game around an educational sport discourse. Conclusions: These boys reactualized memories of learning within an educational discourse, which suggests that what they learned goes beyond the simple consequence of participating.

The article is devoted to highlighting the processes of formation, as well as clarifying and comparing the characteristic features of the complex of legal norms that determined crimes and punishments in the communities of the cities of Budva, located on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, and Kafa (modern Feodosia) on the northern coast of the Black Sea. In the period under consideration, both cities were under the control of the Italian trading republics (Venice and Genoa), which was reflected in the content of local legal monuments and prompts researchers to compare and compare their legal systems. It is shown that already in the 12th–13th centuries in the coastal cities located on the territory of the Northern Black Sea and the eastern coast of the Adriatic, separate elements of medieval criminal law were gradually formed, which were partly formed on a local basis, and partly brought here from the legal systems of Genoese and Republic of Venice. The Statute of Budva and the Statute of the Genoese colonies on the Black Sea are valuable sources that allow us to get an idea of ​​the main features of the local criminal law of that time. The first of them was developed earlier, but was influenced by Venetian law after 1443, the second (in the last version) was approved by the government of Genoa on February 28, 1449. From the texts of the statutes, it is clear that both in Kafa and Budva, a clear definition of the crime was never developed (and, ultimately, it could not be), but its general understanding covered actions that harmed the state, the urban community, or a specific private person The damage could be physical, moral or material. At the same time, it is worth noting that the legal opinion of the time did not yet draw a clear line between the concepts of "crime" and "offence". In practice, they often coincided. Memoranda of law in a number of cases determined the circumstances aggravating the guilt of the criminal. There was a concept of a multiple crime, that is, the concept of a person committing two or more criminal acts, each of which had the characteristics of an independent crime. Already in those days, the perpetration of not one, but two or more criminal acts by a person was considered evidence of the greater danger of criminal activity and resulted in a more severe punishment. It is noted that the statutes contain references to several categories of criminal acts. Among them are state (against the urban community) and official crimes, crimes against justice, in the economic sphere, criminal acts directed against the person, against property (property crimes), against religion, against the family and morality. The fact that a whole series of crimes, which were undoubtedly committed at that time, were not provided for by the norms included in the statutes, draws attention. It was concluded that over time, criminal law, both in Kafa and Budva, acquires more and more distinct specific features inherent in the local legal system, and becomes noticeably more complex.

The article examines the problem of delimitation of legal status: official and official. The category of legal status is an important component for every participant in public relations, because such a status will depend on the scope of his civil rights and responsibilities, which is especially relevant for an official or official. It was found that today the issues of the studied categories, namely «legal status of an official» and «legal status of an official» still remain relevant because there is no unanimous position for their delimitation. It is clear that the categories of «official», «official» occupy a leading position in the field of public administration, criminal law, litigation, other areas of law and legislation. These categories should be key in the preparation of regulations relating to the civil service, regulation of law enforcement agencies, determining the legal responsibility of persons holding certain positions in the civil service. Conclusions are made where, given that at the legislative level there is no single definition of «official» and «official», and the proposed definitions in legal science are mainly sectoral in nature, the priority is: first, the definition in the Law «On basics of civil service», which must be adopted, the concepts of «official» and «official» and their features. The task of today's legislator is the need to differentiate them. Therefore, when determining the grounds for assigning persons to the categories of officials or officials should be guided by the relevant legislation governing certain relations. Regarding the legal status of officials and officials, the conclusion was that a significant factor in distinguishing these categories, unfortunately, is not legal status, because without a clear distinction between the basic concepts of «official» and «official», we can not fully describe the differences in this status. Keywords: service, position, legal status, civil service, official, employee, official

Studies on performative issues in ritual practices often detach social practices from performative studies, emphasizing aesthetic elements instead. This separation creates a divide between aesthetic and social practices. This study seeks to describe dhikr practices that reinforce performative aspects by examining the continuum between aesthetic and social spaces. It highlights the importance of the reciprocal relationship between these two domains, which ultimately redefines the spaces where aesthetic and social practices are performed. The research employs a methodology centered on observations and interviews with informants, categorized by their use of traditional or contemporary songs in performing dhikr. Data analysis was conducted both on-site and off-site. On-site analysis involved recording local terms and describing them within their cultural context. Additionally, transcription was undertaken to convert sounds, movements, and voices into written form. Off-site analysis included verifying data completeness, classifying data based on research needs, reducing irrelevant data, coding the remaining data, and organizing it into themes before presenting it systematically. The findings reveal three key processes within the continuum. First, the configuration of traditional and contemporary songs illustrates a linear progression that reflects the formation of Sambas Malay culture. Second, the configuration of songs and cultural construction is mediated through both cultural and structural platforms. Third, this continuum extends to the internal experiences of dhikr practitioners, serving as a reflective process of their practices. The study’s results have significant implications for understanding dhikr practices, demonstrating that they are not solely religious in nature. It also opens new avenues for research, particularly exploring the political dimensions of dhikr practices and their relationship to power dynamics within the Sambas Malay community.

The construction of gender in literacy

Summary. Effective management is not possible without understanding the needs and motives of civil servants, and there is a need to properly use the incentive to work. In the current conditions in Ukraine at the current stage of development, the problem of motivating the personality of civil servants has become especially important, as solving the challenges facing society is possible only if the appropriate motivational principles are created that can motivate staff to civil service and effective activities. In public administration, motivation is a very complex and controversial process that differs from other areas of human activity, because civil servants are primarily people who manage other people. The main purpose of civil servants is based on solving the tasks of the state in ensuring the welfare of members of society, public interests based on the principles and provisions established by law: the Constitution, basic laws on these issues, other regulations. The effectiveness of the civil service depends on the quality of work of civil servants, which, first of all, depends on the behavior inherent in them. It is necessary to find out what motives drive a person, which stimulates him to perform activities, and which limit, and only then you need to develop a system of motivation that will form the vector that is necessary for the organization. Peculiarities of work motivation in public administration form a special interest, given the level of responsibility that falls on the shoulders of civil servants. The purpose of the study is to form guidelines for the development of the system of motivation of civil servants in Ukraine. The research used the method of theoretical generalization and concretization; analysis and synthesis – in order to study the state of the researched problems. The article defines the theoretical principles and system­forming principles of motivation in the civil service, analyzes the main stages of motivation of civil servants, describes the requirements for the motivation system in the civil service, identifies effective motivation factors in designing activities, analyzes a number of requirements for the system. basic approaches to the choice of motivation strategy of the civil service with justification for choosing the most effective at this stage of development. As a result of the research the purpose of the article is fulfilled. In particular, it is determined that the main reference point in the development of the motivational system should be the study and development of the personality of a civil servant. Specialists in the formation of the motivational system should study staff as individuals; to study the living conditions of the family of workers, the level of their material and social expectations; to determine the expediency and compliance of the employee with the position, workplace; the level of its competence, growth reserve; determine the level of social needs, especially of leaders; to make a socio­psychological portrait of a civil servant and assess the level of his professional suitability, creating the following questions: how the employee thinks about himself, how others think about him, who he really is. With the help of various methods of personnel evaluation, pecialists should help each person to understand himself, to determine life goals, his place in the civil service, to give a person the opportunity for self­realization and self­development.

Subject of research: criminal law features of the use of artificial intelligence in the Russian penitentiary system at the current stage and in the future. Purpose of research: comprehensive legal analysis of the current state and identification of priority development vectors in the penal system of the Russian Federation. Research methods: formal-legal, sociological-legal and logical methods, which will allow for a comprehensive study of the stated issues. Object of research: artificial intelligence used by the Federal Penitentiary Service. Research findings: based on the results of the study, conclusions and practical recommendations have been formulated to optimize legal regulation and implement artificial intelligence technologies in penitentiary practice.

<p class="Abstract">The objective of this study is to define<span lang="IN">s </span>production <span lang="IN">space </span>related to functional shift of
 library <span lang="IN">space</span> into third
 space. This study refers to the theory of Lefebvre (1991) on social practice.
 Space in Lefebvre’s terminology is always a social space, so library space is
 assumed to be a social product. This study used ethnography with <span lang="IN">six</span> digital native users as informants
 collected purposively. The data collection techniques were observation,
 interview, and literature study. The result showed that there was functional
 shift in UGM library <span lang="IN">space</span>
 which <span lang="IN">were</span> initially only for
 studying, then they became third space. UGM library <span lang="IN">space</span> as social space is inseparable from
 and always related with social realities around them. UGM library is an
 intellectual knowledge institution where library users interact in physical and
 virtual environments to expand learning and facilitate the creation of new
 knowledge. In this context, library <span lang="IN">space is</span> produced in such a way to preserve the dominant, so a
 social space <span lang="IN">only can</span> be
 produced through socio-historical relation. Third space is a space formed from
 reproduction space (living space) due to integration on the space experienced
 and understood. The layout practice in UGM Library <span lang="IN">space</span> showed that digital native users used
 them for various things.<o:p></o:p></p>

The aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between the gendering of leadership positions and sector‐specific structures within politics, business and the civil service in Denmark in the context of differences between the Nordic countries and other western countries. The analysis is based on data from a survey of top male and female leaders within the three sectors. The theoretical point of departure of this article is constructivist. It looks at gender as constituted by actions in social space, orchestrated by structural processes and a symbolic order of gender. This constitutes a cultural discourse on gender reflected in gender conventions in society and in a range of possibilities of gender positioning. Expressions of this are discussed in the analysis of the patterns of difference in structural conditions for women and men in leadership positions to be found within the three sectors. The structural conditions encompass access conditions and conditions for gendered positioning and are analysed on the basis of data on social background, education, career course, family, children and distribution of housework. The analysis shows that there is a correlation between gender composition of leadership and possibilities of gendered positioning within a sector. The results are finally discussed as possible expressions of an egalitarian culture.