ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МАЛОГАБАРИТНЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ МАШИН НА ЛЕСОСЕЧНЫХ И ЛЕСОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ РАБОТАХ

The catalog contains information on innovative breeding and technological developments of scientific and research institutes of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the fields of agriculture, plant breeding, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, economy, food and processing industry in 2019–2025. Innovative developments are based on conducted researches, verified in practice, which comply with application regulations, have confirming documentation on property rights and recommended for implementation in agro-industrial production. The publication is recommended for agrarian business, employees of enterprises of various forms of ownership, farmers, scientists, employees of educational institutions, expert advisors and other interested persons.

The purpose of this study: a) to determine the characteristic parameters the forest roads network, such as: density forest roads, spacing forest roads, average distance skid trails, correction factor and quality forest opening area; (b) calculate the percent openness forest land due to activities making main roads network, branch roads, skid trail and TPn. The location research in block harvesting RKT 2018 at IUPHHK-HA PT Sindo Lumber Central Kalimantan. The results showed density the forest roads network ranged between 7.96 – 17.66 m/ha, 1256.28 m main road spacing, 1097.69 m branch road spacing, 566.25 m skid trail spacing, 146.5 m average distance skid theoritical (REo), 186.83 m REm and 252.30 m REt. The correction factor value of the roads network (Vcorr), Tcorr and the correction factor forest opening area (KG) respectively by 1.27, 1.35 and 1.71 with the quality forest opening area included in the category of “very good”. While the percent of the openness forest land due to making main roads network, branch roads, skid trail and TPn respectively by 0.87%, 0.73%, 3% and 0.53%.

In fighting against forest fires, it is crucial for the ground-based firefighting team to reach a fire area in critical response time in which the chance of controlling the fires is significantly high. Road networks are the key infrastructures that provide access to the forest areas for the protection of forest resources. In order to benefit from this important function of roads, especially in forested areas with high natural forest fire risk, they should be built in with adequate technical road standards since the low standards limit the fire truck speed that increases the arrival time of the firefighting team to the fire areas. Most of the forest roads in Turkey are Type-B secondary forest roads with low technical road standards (road width, curve radius, surface materials) that limit the speed of fire trucks. This paper aimed to evaluate the potential contribution of improving the standards of Type-B secondary forest roads in terms of increasing accessible forested areas in critical response time in the case of forest fire occurrence. The study area was Kahramanmaraş Forestry Enterprise Directorate (FED), where forests are sensitive to forest fires at the first degree. In the solution process, firstly, accessible forest areas by the firefighting teams (six teams) located in the study area according to the critical response time were determined by considering the existing road network in the study area. In the second scenario, the possible increase in the accessible forest areas with improved forest road standards and increased travel speed in forest roads was investigated. The results indicated that the areas that can be reached promptly by the firefighting teams in critical response time were 21% and 44% for considering existing roads and improved roads in the whole study area. On the other hand, the accessible forested areas in critical response time increased from 17% to 36% when standards of the forest roads were improved. It is indicated that improving road standards has a significant value to contribute the efficiency of firefighting activities if the practitioners implemented presented methodology.

Ormanların optimal şekilde işletmeye açılmasında yol ağları, ulaşım ve taşıma altyapısının temel unsurudur. Ana ve tali orman yolları ile yeterince işletmeye açılamayan orman alanlarında üçüncül yollar olarak sürütme ve/veya traktör yolları yapılarak sürütme mesafeleri kısaltılmaya ve sürütme maliyetleri azaltılmaya çalışılır. Ormancılığa yönelik birçok uygulamada olduğu gibi sürütme yollarının da orman ekosistemi üzerinde geçici ve/veya kalıcı olumsuz etki potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Öte yandan, herhangi üretim bölmesi veya bölmeciğinde, üretim operasyonları için sürütme yol uzunluğunun nasıl bir artış gösterdiğine ilişkin yeterli veri, bilgi ve kayıtlara rastlanmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sürütme yollarının niteliklerini özetlemek, ayırt edici özelliklerini tarif etmek, örnek alınan bazı üretim bloklarında sürütme yolu yoğunluklarını hesaplayıp bu değerlerin değişimine göre sürütme yolu ağlarının potansiyel ekolojik etkileri konusunda bazı değerlendirmeler yapmaktadır. Isparta Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü sınırları içinde, Google Earth programından yararlanılarak rastgele seçilen 30 adet üretim ünitesinin, üretim öncesi ve sonrasındaki uydu görüntüleri üzerinden sürütme yolu yoğunlukları hakkında veri toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Buna göre, üretim sezonunun hemen bitiminde, sürütme yolu uzunluklarının üretim üniteleri başına ortalama 3290 m olduğu ve sürütme yol yoğunluğunun da ortalama 83.1 m/ha’a eriştiği belirlenmiştir. Sürütme yollarının ortalama 3 m genişlikte bir alan kaybına neden olduğu kabul edildiğinde; 1 ha’ lık orman alanının yaklaşık % 2.5’i sürütme yollarından dolayı kaybolmaktadır.

Primer transport in mountainous forest areas is carried out using forest road networks. In Turkey, forest areas are located in high mountainous areas and steep slope land. Road networks planning in mountainous areas should be done by considering negative and positive cardinal points. Landslides and mass movements are triggered after road construction and can lead to massive earth movements. The landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is often used to predict landslide-prone areas. GIS-based machine learning methods are frequently used in the creation of landslide susceptibility mapping. In this study, LSM was created using GIS-based logistic regression method. It was selected the Tanır Stream Watershed as the study area, in the Suçatı region of Kahramanmaraş province, where intensive forest management activities are carried out and forest and rural roads are located. The LSM was used to determine the route of a new forest road to be constructed with certain starting and end points. Landslide data were obtained from General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. The parameters of slope, aspect, curvature, land use, lithology, NDVI, distance to road, distance to stream were used to create the LSM. According to LSM, the study area was divided into five classes in terms of landslide potential: very high, high, medium, low and very low. The results show that approximately 60% of the study area consists of areas with high and very high landslide potential. In sensitive forest watersheds where nature-based solutions and minimized ground movement are critical, GIS-based landslide susceptibility maps offer highly accurate alternatives for locating road routes.

Shifting from fossil fuels to alternative energies is crucial for mitigating climate change and reducing dependence on environmentally harmful resources. Measuring the soil footprint of alternative energies is equally essential, as it helps promote sustainable development. This research proposes a methodological approach to assess the land consumed by photovoltaic panels installed on land (PVL), on roofs (PVR), and wind power systems (WP) in Italy. A sample of 186 plants was analysed, and the total area occupied by these plants was measured. Moreover, the area needed for new infrastructure and facilities serving the plants was measured. Finally, the land use change was assessed by determining the land use before installing PVL and WP. Approximately 92.8% of WP entailed the construction of new road networks, while 34.8% of PVL required the construction of new buildings. The surface area demand by the WP was lower (1.3 m2 kW−1) than PVL (21.2 m2 kW−1). Overall, a highly positive correlation was found between the nominal power of the plants and the total area occupied (R2 = 0.94, 0.95, and 0.90 for PVL, PVR, and WP, respectively). The areas occupied by new plants were mainly devoted to agriculture (75.8% for PVL and 71.4% for WP); however, WP were also located in forest areas (17.9%). The methodology proposed may be extended to assess the global footprint of alternative energies and address sustainable energy management.

Predicting land use change is an indispensable aspect in identifying the best development and management of land resources and their potential. This study used certified land-use maps of 1997, 2006, and 2015 combined with ancillary data such as road networks, water bodies and slopes, obtained from the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Surveying and Mapping in Malaysia, respectively. The prediction of future land use changes in the Selangor River basin in Malaysia was performed using the Cellular Automata Markov model. The transition probability matrices were computed using the land use conditions of the periods 1997-2006, 2006-2015, 1997-2015. The performance of the model was very good in its overall ability to simulate the actual land use map of 2015, with the index values of 0.92% and 0.97%, respectively for Kappa for no information and Kappa for grid-cell level location which indicated the reliability of the model to successfully simulate land use changes in 2024 and 2033. Based on the expected results, the future urban area will grow faster (33%) over the next two decades, leading to a decline in forest area that is expected to lose 8% of its total space during these periods. Agricultural land will increase to 4%, while water bodies will change slightly increasing to 1%, and other areas of land use will likely become reservoirs of water, topsoil or new green spaces shrinking at 30%. Given the importance of knowledge of future land use in addressing the problems of uncontrolled development on environmental quality, this study could be valuable for land use planners of the river basin largely covered by natural forest. The study however, suggests future research to integrate geospatial techniques with biophysical and socio-economic factors in simulating land use trends.

PurposeTechnology and knowledge have become the buzzwords of the new millennium. Technological changes and demanding customers are creating a more knowledge intensive, turbulent, complex and uncertain environment. Organizations, which are able to continually build faster and cheaper new strategic assets than their competitors, create long-term competitive advantages. Thus, the growth of companies is directly associated with innovativeness and technological development, especially for small organizations that are more vulnerable to dynamic changes in market place. Organizations need a strategic framework that can help them to achieve the goal of technology development and competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to develop such strategic framework for small organizations for their technology development and, hence, survival in marketplace.Design/methodology/approachOptions field methodology, options profile methodology, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy set theory are utilized to generate various options and profiles to propose a conceptual framework for technology development.FindingsThe results from the study showed that “mixed approach,” “strategic simulation approach” and the “regulatory environment approach,” in this order, emerged as the top three important options for the strategic technological development of small manufacturing enterprises.Originality/valueThis result can provide an original and more accurate implementation pathway toward technological innovative development in emerging economies. The proposed framework can provide valuable guidelines and recommendations to practicing managers and analysts for policy development to promote innovative and technological developments.

Optimizing emergency rescue and evacuation planning with intelligent obstacle avoidance in a chemical industrial park

Currently, in accordance with the processes of globalization and global economic and environmental trends, the Russian government is focusing economic entities on the innovative development of the Russian economy. For the timber industry of the Russian Federation, which ranks first in the world in terms of timber reserves, a transition to innovative development is inevitable. This transition is due to the resource potential of the industry, global environmental trends of the "green economy", the prevailing market relations between the economic entities of the industry, the presence of a bank of scientific and technical and experimental development in the field of timber industry. The analysis of Russia's share in the global forestry market is carried out: the Russian Federation is the world leader in timber reserves, it has 1/5 of the world's forest reserves and, therefore, takes first place; Brazil ranks second in timber reserves, Canada is third and the United States is fourth. The structure of Russia's exports by product groups is examined: the country's most profitable budget item is the export of fuel and energy products, accounting for 64% of the total export structure, and only 3% of the export structure is the export of timber and paper products. Given the development trends of world oil markets and the geopolitical tensions of countries, it can be assumed that in the next 5 years, the total revenue of the Russian Federation from the export of fuel and energy products will significantly decrease and will cease to be the most profitable budget item in the country. Due to the fact that the Russian Federation is a world leader in timber reserves, we believe that the innovative development of the timber industry should be one of the leading areas in the industry development strategy of the Russian Federation, and accordingly in the export strategy of the Russian Federation. The main directions of the innovative development of the timber industry of the Russian Federation in the following sectors are identified: forestry, woodworking industry, pulp and paper industry, chemical production, logging, wooden housing construction.

The article presents a study of the peculiarities of legal regulation of the development of the regional creative industry cluster in the Saratov and Ulyanovsk regions through the analysis of materials of federal laws, strategic documents for the development of regions, regulatory and legal acts aimed at supporting socio-economic development, regulation of investment and innovation, entrepreneurship in the cultural sectors industries based on data obtained by content analysis. The concept of “creative industries” has not been fixed in the Russian legal field, although it is embedded in the rhetoric of the executive branch of individual regions in software solutions for the development of their innovative potential, urban comfortable environment, small and medium-sized businesses. The study is based on an analysis of categories such as creative industries, creative clusters, and spatial development. The purpose of the study is formulated at the intersection of the problem field, including the representation of the concepts in question in official documents, programs, regulatory acts as management mechanisms and systemic support for the sphere of culture and art, creative entrepreneurship. To achieve the goal, content analysis was used. In the framework of this method, legal and strategic documents of the federal, regional and municipal levels in the field of cultural policy, culture and art, socio-economic development, outlined by the time interval from 1991 to 2019, were selected. The units of content analysis are culture, creativity, creativity, entrepreneurship, social and economic security, innovative development, investment activity, spatial and regional development. The selected categories were analyzed taking into account the specifics of territorial management and regulation of the sphere of culture and art. During the analysis of official documents, thematic areas were identified that determine the semantic field of creative industries, including the legal field of culture, spatial and innovative development of regions as a potential for the development of clusters of creative industries, regional features of including creative industries in the agenda of socio-economic development of Russian entities. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are drawn that the institutionalization of creative practices related to economic activity is gradually acquiring formal relations, making the segment of creative and creative industries visible to regional entrepreneurs and governments. At the same time, the concept of creative industries at the moment has not received due attention from the legislative and executive authorities. Outside of discussions are questions of the development of creative clusters and the conditions for their functioning within the framework of cluster policy. This, in turn, makes sustainable discussions about the residual principle of financing the sphere of culture and art, maintaining the discourse on culture and art in the aspect of preserving traditions, values, social norms and expectations of the state and population.

Future of the global economy depends more and more on possibilities and restrictions of innovative development. In the classical interpretation economic development is limited by non-renewable nature of a significant part of the natural resource potential and assimilation abilities of the environment. In opposition, it’s safe to say that the impact of innovative-technological factors, based on scientific, educational and information revolutions, powered by the synergic effect of the partnership of civilizations, is rising. The aggravation of this global contradiction forces countries, regions and enterprises around the world to look for additional ways to increase competitiveness and efficiency. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is the development of cluster policy – both on the part of the state and on the part of business, large multinational companies. The article analyzes the possibility of formation of technology of innovative development of the region through the competent implementation of cluster policy. The authors conducted a systematic analysis of the effects of clustering (localization), concentrated in the field of high-tech industries, identified problems of their development, including those in the context of globalization.

Relevance. Recent practice has convincingly tested the fact that the transition to a circular economy is an important goal for society and individual companies, especially in resource-intensive manufacturing industries.Research objective. The purpose of the study is to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of innovative solvates in regional industry, based on the concept of circular economy. Data and methods. The research methodology is represented by the convergence of system-synergetic, resource-efficient and cluster approaches, which makes it possible to identify regions where integrating industrial enterprises and related fields of activity form conditions and produce values in the concept of the circular economy.Results. The theoretical and methodological basis for the creation of new structures for the innovative development of regional industry on the platform of circularity, principles of inclusiveness, resilience and environmental friendliness has been formed; a new concept - innovative solvates has been introduced into scientific circulation. Based on the cluster analysis, the zones of localization of innovative solvates in the regions of Russia were identified. This made it possible to single out a cluster group with a high scientific and innovative potential, as well as a cluster of regions with the potential to localize innovative solvates, which included regions of industrial and resource specialization.Conclusions. The article presents the directions of solving the problem of achieving the conditions imposed by the circular economy in the innovative solvates of the industrial sector of the region. The study is motivated by several considerations. The first is the formation of an integral conceptual and terminological apparatus, theoretical and methodological basis of research. The second is the establishment of partnerships necessary for the implementation of circularity conditions in an innovative solvate, and the analysis of ways in which a solvate can switch to a circular economy.

Abstract. The bearing capacity of soil changes owing to the mechanical properties of the soil and influences on structural stability. In most of the geotechnical engineering projects, there are several soil mechanic experiments, they need interpretation before application. The mechanical properties of soil interaction make complex predict of soil bearing capacity. However, to enhancement safety of construction project need to the interpretation of soil experiments and design results for proper application in a geotechnical engineering project. In this study, artificial neural networking is proposed for the evaluation of the mixed soil characteristics to forecast the safe bearing capacity of soil because of the mechanical properties of the soil interaction phenomenon. The results reveal for prediction of the safe bearing capacity, the R2 and RMSE for all mechanical properties effects on safe bearing capacity are 0.98 and 0.02, these values can provide a suitable accuracy for prediction safe bearing capacity of the mixed soil. The higher inaccuracy obtained when only the influence of single mechanical property on the mixed soil considered in prediction of the safe bearing capacity. This study supports the enhancement of geotechnical engineering design quality through prediction safe bearing capacity from characterized mechanical properties of the soil.

본 연구는 산업연관분석과 현황분석을 통해 물류창고업과 제조업의 경제유발효과를 실증적으로 비교･분석하여 물류시설 입지에 따른 긍정적 효과에 대하여 제고하였다. 산업연관분석결과 부가가치계수는 제조업 부문의 담배 (0.911) 다음으로 물류창고업(0.871)이 커서 물류창고업이 제조업보다 산업전반에 걸쳐 더 많은 부가가치를 유발하고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 임금근로자만 포함하는 고용유발계수는 물류시설이 9.9로 제조업의 전부문보다 커서 물류창고시설 입지가 제조업시설 입지보다 고용 창출효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서 고용과 부가가치 유발 측면에서는 물류창고업이 제조업보다 경제유발효과가 더 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 분석결과 물류창고업체당 종사자 수는 용인시 37.9명, 안성시 26.3명, 이천시 18.19명이고 제조업체당 종사자 수는 이천시 39.48명, 용인시 28.3명, 안성시 16.3명으로 이천시를 제외하고 물류창고업이 제조업보다 고용을 더 크게 유발하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 현황분석에서도 물류창고업의 고용이 많은 것으로 나타나 물류시설이 경제유발효과가 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 안성시는 소규모 물류 창고가 72%이며 대부분의 창고들이 소규모로 영세한 현황이다. 소규모 물류창고를 집적화하고 물류단지로 개발하여 관리의 효율성을 높여야 한다. 따라서 도로 교통망이 양호하며 지리적으로 물류단지 입지조건이 우수한 지역인 안성시는 경제유발효과가 큰 물류창고시설을 계획적인 물류단지로 입지시킴으로써 높은 고용을 창출하고 부가가치를 유발시켜 지역경제 활성화를 유도하는 긍정적 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.Positive effect of the position of distribution facilities was considered by comparing and analyzing economic inducement effect of warehousing and manufacturing business empirically by inter-industry analysis and current situation analysis in this research. It is possible to know warehousing induces more value added than manufacturing business through overall industrial field because it is second largest (0.871) following the largest cigarette (0.911) of manufacturing field in value added coefficient based on inter-industry analysis, and the employment inducement coefficient only includes wage and salary workers of distribution facilities is 9.9 and larger than overall fields of manufacturing business, so the employment creation effect of distribution facilities position is larger than manufacturing facilities position. Therefore, there is more economic inducement effect in distribution facilities than manufacturing business in terms of employment and value added inducement. Warehousing induces more employment than manufacturing business excluding Icheon-si because the workers are 37.9 people in Yongin-si, 26.3 people in Anseong-si and 18.19 people in Icheon-si per each warehouse and 39.48 people in Icheon-si, 28.3 people in Yongin-si and 16.3 people in Anseong-si per each manufacturer based on current situation analysis. So, there is also more economic inducement effect in distribution facilities because there is more employment in distribution warehousing based on current situation analysis. Current situation of most of warehouse in Anseong-si are petty as small volume as 72% of them are small sized as only 16 pcs are more than 10,000 ㎡ in warehouse area and 41 pcs are less than 10,000㎡. The effectiveness of management should be increased by the integration of small sized warehouses developing as distribution complex. So, it is judged that there will be positive effect inducing regional economic vitality by creating high employment and inducing value added by positioning distribution warehouse facilities having large economic inducement effect as planned distribution complex to Anseong-si which is good in road and traffic network and superior in distribution complex positioning condition.