Исследование социальных представлений о необходимости профилактики опасного (агрессивного) управления транспортным средством

India has one of the largest road networks in the world. However, Road safety is an issue of national concern. Surge in population and motorization in the country along with expansion of road network contributes to the number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities. The aim of the study was study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention of road traffic accidents among students of selected college at GNSU, Rohtas”. METHODOLOGY: Methodology is the systematic, pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention of road traffic accident among students of selected college at GNSU, Rohtas.” Sample population of 60 students will be selected by purposive sampling technique. Validated tools are used to assess the pre- test and post- test knowledge score on prevent of road traffic accidents among students. The data obtained will be combined tabulated to analysed using descriptive and inferential statical methods. RESULTS: Pre-test revealed that among students had poor knowledge with a mean score of 17.8. After giving structured teaching program, post test scores increased to 22.66. The association was found between the knowledge scores of among students with Age, Previous history of accidents in the last 5 years which was significant at the level of 0.05. CONCLUSION: Majority of the samples have inadequate knowledge level. There was a highly significant increase in the level of knowledge among the subjects after the administration of STP. The paired `t` test computed between mean pre-test knowledge score and mean post-test knowledge score, indicated a highly significant difference in the knowledge scores among students. Thus, it is concluded that the STP is effective to improve the level of knowledge among student samples in selected college at GNSU Rohtas. PROBLEM STATEMENT: “A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention of road traffic accidents among students of selected college at GNSU, Rohtas.”

Objective:To identify the barriers to and facilitators of the prevention of road traffic accidents (RTIs) in Iran.Methods:In this qualitative study 42 key stakeholders and experts in the field of traffic injuries in Iran were selected based on purpose and theoretical sampling to reach informational saturation. Their views concerning barriers to and facilitators of the prevention of traffic injuries in Iran were studied using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Content Analysis method.Results:Five themes were identified: structural barriers, organizational barriers and planning, socio-cultural barriers, scientific barriers, and inter-sector barriers and 22 sub-themes were extracted. The lack of lead agency, which was among structural barriers, was selected as the main barrier. The five general facilitators included: sensitization of society and authorities, improving the resources and infrastructure (software and hardware), increasing the attention to safety of vehicles and roads, increasing the information and awareness, and use of expert manpower. The sensitization of society and authorities was selected as the most important facilitator.Conclusion:According to the key experts, the barriers of policy changes to prevent the RTIs are more numerous than its facilitators. Therefore, planning and paying more attention to removing these barriers and promoting the facilitators seems necessary to reduce RTIs. Having a lead agency in this regard should be the highest priority.

Introduction: More than 1.2 million people die each year on the world's roads. Most of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries where rapid economic growth has been accompanied by increased motorization and road traffic injuries. Prevention of road traffic accidents thus becomes very crucial in order to improve the longevity and the quality of life of the individuals concerned. Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and practice of road safety rules among secondary school students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 secondary school students aged between 13-17 years studying in selected government and private secondary schools of Achrol, Jaipur district, Rajasthan. The samples were selected through simple random sampling technique. A pre-designed and pre-tested structured multiple choice questionnaire and checklist was used for assessment of awareness and practice of road safety rules. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: With regards to awareness regarding road safety rules, 9(6%) had had poor awareness, 103(68.7%) had average awareness and 38(25.3%) had good awareness. With regards to practice regarding road safety rules, 6(4%) had had unsatisfactory practice, 108(72%) had partially satisfactory practice and 36(24%) had satisfactory practice. Conclusion: Majority of secondary school students had average awareness and partially satisfactory practice regarding road safety rules. Education reminding and strict enforcement of traffic rules can increase awareness and motivate them to strictly adhere to the traffic norms and help to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to road traffic accidents.

Detecting signs for an increased level of risk during driving are critical for the effective prevention of road traffic accidents. The current study searched for literature through major databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, IEEE, and ScienceDirect. A total of 14 articles that measured P300 components in relation to driving tasks were included for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The risk factors investigated in the reviewed articles were summarized in five categories, including reduced attention, distraction, alcohol, challenging situations on the road, and negative emotion. A meta-analysis was conducted at both behavioral and neural levels. Behavioral performance was measured by the reaction time and driving performance, while the neural response was measured by P300 amplitude and latency. A significant increase in reaction time was identified when drivers were exposed to the risk factors. In addition, the significant effects of a reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged P300 latency indicated a reduced capacity for cognitive information processing. There was a tendency of driving performance decrement in relation to the risk factors, however, the effect was non-significant due to considerable variations and heterogeneity across the included studies. The results led to the conclusion that the P300 amplitude and latency are reliable indicators and predictors of the increased risk in driving. Future applications of the P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) system may make considerable contributions toward preventing road traffic accidents.

Background: The incidence of maxillofacial fractures is greater in Pakistan.This research has the crucial aim of achieve and indexing maxillofacial injuries in poly traumapatients. Objectives: To assess the concomitant injuries with maxillofacial trauma. StudyDesign: Descriptive case series. Setting: The department of Emergency and Oral & MaxillofacialSurgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Period: Jan 2014 to Dec2015. Methods: Total 489 patients of both genders, aged ≥20 years were included. Results:more injuries 359 (73.40%) occurs among the age of 20-39 years. The mainly documentedetiologic factor for injury was RTA with 69.38%, followed by assault (16.76%), fall (11.04%)and sports injury was (2.87%). With respect to related injuries, a sum of 48 patients introducedhead injuries and other concomitant injuries. The most common fracture noted was mandible296 (60.53) followed by maxillary fractures 191 (39%), Zygomatic bone complex fractures 65(13.29%), Naso-orabital ethmoid fractures was 44 (8.99%), majority of patients 186 (38.0%)were arrived in morning time followed by 176 (35.9%) in evening, 88 (17.9%) in afternoon and 39(7.9%) in night, regarding the day’s most patients came on first working day that was Saturday142 (29.0%). Regarding hospital mortality, 11 (2.2%) people died within less than two days afteradmittance. Conclusion: The results of this study may support the oral surgeons to rule outother injuries at the time of primary survey and may have a key role in awareness of individualsin prevention of road traffic accidents.

The disabling injuries inflicted during road traffic accidents (RTA) create a serious challenge for the public health services and are at the same time a major socio-economic problem in the majority of the countries throughout the world. The injuries to the lower extremities of the pedestrians make up the largest fraction of the total number of the non-lethal RTA injuries. Most of them are responsible for the considerable deterioration of the quality of life for the participants in the accidents during the subsequent period. The objective of the present study was to summarize the currently available results of experimental testing of the biomechanical models of the pedestrians' lower extremities in the framework of the program for the prevention of the road traffic accidents as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004). The European Enhanced Safety Vehicle Committee (EEVC) has developed a series of crash-tests with the use of the models of the pedestrians' lower extremities simulating the vehicle bumper-pedestrian impact. The models are intended for the assessment of the risk of the tibia fractures and the injuries to the knee joint ligaments. The experts of EEVC proposed the biomechanical criteria for the acceleration of the knee and talocrural parts of the lower limbs as well as for the shear displacement of the knee and knee-bending angle. The engineering solution of this problem is based on numerous innovation proposals being implemented in the machine-building industry with the purpose of reducing the stiffness of structural elements of the bumper and other front components of a modern vehicle designed to protect the pedestrians from severe injuries that can be inflicted in the road traffic accidents. The activities of the public health authorities (in the first place, bureaus of forensic medical expertise and analogous facilities) have a direct bearing on the solution of the problem of control of road traffic injuries because they are possessed of comprehensive and reliable objective information about all forms of the damage to health associated with vehicle-pedestrian collisions and their victims' condition. It is concluded that making use of the experience and professional knowledge of forensic medical experts and automotive specialists could considerably contribute to the enhancement of safety of all the participants in the vehicular traffic.

To identify the key causes of major road traffic accidents (resulting in three or more deaths), this study constructed an accident causation network based on association rules and complex networks using data from 173 major traffic accidents over the past decade. Initially, 62 potential risk factors were extracted from aspects such as human, vehicle, road environment, and management. Association rule algorithms were then employed to explore the coupling relationships between these risk factors, generating strong association rules. Finally, a complex network model was built based on these association rules to identify critical risk factors. Results indicate that (1) 80% of major traffic accidents are linked to poor driving behavior. Complex network analysis identified speeding, overloading, lane crossing, and failure to maintain safe following distances as primary human factors, which are closely related to vehicle, road, and environmental conditions, contributing collectively to accidents. (2) Association rule results revealed that head‐on collisions are primarily related to lane crossing and occur on national and secondary grade highway; falling accidents are common on roads with inadequate infrastructure; rear‐end collision often happen on expressway and national highway, especially at night (18:00–07:00) with freight vehicles; vehicle‐related major accidents are usually associated with noncompliant vehicle performance, vehicle failures, overloading, and insufficient regulation. Major accidents involving inadequate road signs, markings, and safety barriers have a significant association with nighttime periods. The conclusions of this study can provide valuable insights for the prevention of major road traffic accidents.

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) among adolescents (13-18years) in selected schools of Baramulla, Kashmir. Pre-experimental one group pre-test and posttest research design was used. The sample had 62 adolescents studying in some schools of district Baramulla selected by stratified simple random sampling technique. The data collected by administering structured knowledge questionnaire was analysed and interpreted by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Using SPSS: V-20, all the inferences were checked at 0.05 level of significance. The mean pre-test knowledge score was 19.40 which improved to 35.25 in post-test (p0.05). The structured teaching programme improved the knowledge of adolescent students regarding prevention of RTAs.

O projeto de extensão e cultura aqui relatado foi desenvolvido com a comunidade de um município do sudoeste goiano. O objetivo foi oferecer um espaço para reflexão da sociedade, voltado à prevenção e redução dos acidentes de trânsito terrestres, com ênfase na proteção da vida. Ocorreu em três edições, nos anos de 2014, 2015 e 2016, intitulado Seminário sobre Prevenção de Acidentes de Trânsito – SEPATRAN. Constituiu-se na realização de seminários aberto à participação de toda sociedade. Utilizou-se, como metodologia, palestras educativas e oficinas, tema livre para questionamento e troca de ideias. Premiações foram utilizadas como forma de incentivo ao feedback da comunidade para as temáticas desenvolvidas. Foi disponibilizado espaço para reflexão da sociedade voltado à prevenção e à redução dos acidentes de trânsito terrestres, assim favoreceu a inserção dessa temática no cotidiano da sociedade.

BACKGROUND: Traffic accidents are one of the most important reasons that increase the workload of emergency services all over the world. Especially in developing countries, this problem is difficult to solve due to rapid population growth.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of mortality and morbidity, the organs affected by the injury, and the prognosis of the patients who are referred to the emergency department as a result of traffic accidents and underwent abdominal imaging.DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional studySETTING: A state hospital in TurkeyPATIENTS AND METHODS: 1014 patients admitted to Gaziantep Abdulkadir Yüksel State Hospital between 15 July 2022 to 15 July 2023 due to traffic accidents and examined for abdominal trauma were retrospectively evaluated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of patients admitted due to traffic accidents and examined for abdominal trauma.SAMPLE SIZE: 1014 patientsRESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 25.88 years, 79.6% were male, 67.3% were admitted to the hospital by ambulance, 47.4% were admitted as a result of a vehicular traffic accident, 34.3% were admitted as a result of a non-vehicular traffic accident, 18.2% were admitted as a result of a motorcycle accident and 36.4% were drivers, 35.3% were pedestrians and 28.3% were passengers. Intra-abdominal organ injuries were detected in 3.2% of all patients, including urinary system in 1%, hepatobiliary system in 0.9% and spleen in 0.8%. It was determined that 13% of the patients had life-threatening injuries and 40.2% had injuries that could not be treated with simple medical intervention.CONCLUSION: It was determined that 21% of the patients admitted to the emergency department as a result of traffic accidents required hospitalization or resulted in death. Prevention of traffic accidents, which especially threaten the young population, is of great importance both in reducing the workload in the emergency department and in minimizing labor and financial losses.LIMITATIONS: Since the study was based on retrospective file review, files with missing information were not included in the study.

From what will we die in 2020?

Accident prevention has lagged far behind other health fields in recognizing the potential contribution of research. In 1963, traffic accidents with a leading cause of death in the United States of persons between the ages of one and 37. Yet, in 1965, private and governmental sources allocated only US$ 16.5 million for research in traffic accident prevention, as compared with a total expenditure for medical and health related research of approximately US$ 1.85 billion. Various explanations have been proposed for the apparent neglect of accident prevention research. Many of these are discussed in this report. Language: en

This is descriptive research, study both quantitative and qualitative data, aimed to compare health literacy skill for traffic accident prevention among senior people between urban and rural area. The participants were senior people both female and male ＞ 65 yrs old 728 persons in 2 provinces, in the Northeastern Thailand, both urban and rural area in khon Kaen and Buengkarn Province, Thailand. Data were collected by interviewing for quantitative data. Data analysis by using SPSS program for percentage, mean, deviation. The results showed that Health literacy for traffic accident prevention among senior people were difference between urban and rural area in cognitive skill, communication skill and practical skill at p value ＜ 0.05 , on the other hand no difference of health literacy in information access skill, decision making skill, self management skill and media literacy skills for traffic accident prevention. Recommendation for road safety both senior people in urban and rural area should be improve of health literacy skill in the mistake belief that sin or evil creature cause of traffic accident and can't prevention, as well as communication on traffic accident prevention should be more clearly to understand.

Review: Traffic Control and Road Accident Prevention

This paper explores the impact of technology on preventing road traffic accidents, emphasizing the importance of integrating modern technologies to enhance road safety.Advanced systems such as automatic emergency braking, driver assistance sensors, intelligent traffic signaling, and real-time road monitoring significantly contribute to reducing accidents and fatalities.The study combines a review of existing literature with empirical research involving a field survey, presenting findings that highlight participants' perceptions and experiences regarding the effectiveness of these technologies.Results suggest that technology plays a pivotal role in improving road safety, necessitating institutional commitment for its effective integration.In conclusion, recommendations are provided for policies and practices aimed at enhancing road traffic safety.