تأثیر الإعلان التلیفزیونی بالقنوات الفضائیة العربیة على السلوک الاستهلاکی للشباب الجامعی

The suicide mortality rate per 100 000 population (SMRP) consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Japan and then unexpectedly increased during the pandemic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To identify trends in and factors associated with suicidal mortality and motives among students in Japan from 2007 to 2022. In this cross-sectional study, data on SMRPs among Japanese middle-school, high-school, and university students were obtained from the government suicide database Suicide Statistics of the National Police Agency. Age-dependent and temporal fluctuations in annual SMRPs, disaggregated by suicidal motive (7 categories and 52 subcategories), sex, and school, were analyzed using linear mixed-effect and joinpoint regression models, respectively. Total suicide numbers from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 760 male middle-school students, 635 female middle-school students, 2376 male high-school students, 1566 female high-school students, 5179 male university students, and 1880 female university students. The mean (SD) student populations from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 1 752 737 (81 334) male middle-school students, 1 675 572 (78 824) female middle-school students, 1 648 274 (67 520) male high-school students, 1 614 828 (60 032) female high-school students, 1 652 689 (32 724) male university students, and 1 229 142 (57 484) female university students. Among male students, the leading motives were school-related factors (underachievement and worrying about the future), followed by family-related and health-related motives. Among female students, school-related and family-related motives decreased, but health-related motives showed an age-dependent increase. The SMRPs of middle-school male students and female students were almost equal (mean [SD], 2.7 [1.0] vs 2.4 [1.4]), but the age-dependent increase in SMRPs among male students was pronounced (mean [SD], high-school vs university male students, 9.1 [2.4] vs 19.6 [3.0]; high-school vs university female students, 6.1 [2.4] vs 9.6 [1.8]). However, the incidence of suicide among high-school students associated with health-related motives was greater in female students. The majority of suicides associated with major impactable suicidal motives (school-related, health-related, and family-related motives) began increasing before the pandemic. Changes in SMRP associated with interpersonal relationships, such as conflict with classmates or parents, were not significant, but the rates increased greatly during the pandemic. School-related, health-related, and family-related problems were major motives, whereas the impacts of health-related and family-related motives increased and decreased with age, respectively. Notably, most SMRPs associated with major impactable motives (underachievement, conflict with a parent or classmate, and mental illnesses) had already begun increasing in the late 2010s, indicating that recent increasing SMRPs among school-aged individuals were associated with pandemic-related factors and other factors affecting this generation before the pandemic. It may be inappropriate to uniformly apply research findings based on school-aged individuals to school-based suicide prevention programs for students in middle school, high school, and university.

Factors affecting female college students’ intention to use digital technology in wearable devices to stimulate health monitoring

Background: Eating disorders are disturbances that result in severe and long-lasting abnormal eating patterns and consequences to a variety of physical and psychological components of health. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of risks for eating disorders among Emirati female undergraduate university students at higher colleges in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, a total of 501 university students were recruited conveniently to participate in this study (the response rate was 90%). A questionnaire consisting of demographical and eating pattern sections and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) (Arabic version) were used and shared online with the university students using Google Forms. This study was conducted in the spring semester of 2020/2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized. Results: The prevalence of female university students with risks of eating disorders was 13.97%. The most frequent (13.6%) statement chosen by university students was “I am terrified of being overweight.” Almost 50% of the university students were not satisfied with their weight and 48.1% were dissatisfied with their physical appearance. Only 8.18% of the female university students have a family history of eating disorders and 8.98% were confirmed cases of eating disorders. Yet, the study revealed no statistically significant correlations between age (r= 0.036, P= 0.416), body mass index (r= 0.015, P= 0.734) or meals/day (r= -0.076, P= 0.087) and EAT-26 scores. Conclusions: The risks of eating disorders in the current study were lower compared to those obtained by previous studies. Regardless of that, the awareness regarding eating disorders is required by multiple education programs utilizing reading materials, online education sessions, games, mass media and social communication methods. Implications for Nursing: Extended community-based educational programs are suggested to enhance female university students’ knowledge about EDs, their consequences on health and methods to promote healthy eating habits and positive attitudes toward body image. Keywords: Eating disorders, Higher colleges, University students, United Arab Emirates, Female adolescents, Anorexia nervosa, EAT-26.

The current research aims to reveal the relationship between subjective vitality and its dimensions (physical vitality - mental vitality - emotional vitality - social vitality - spiritual vitality) and psychological flow and its dimensions (feeling of pleasure and internal motivation - concentration and control of the task or activity - loss of sense of time - balance between challenges and skills - clarity of goals) among female university students, and the possibility of predicting psychological flow and its sub-dimensions through subjective vitality and its dimensions among female university students. The study sample consisted of a pilot group of (150) female university students, to verify the psychometric properties of the study tools, and a descriptive study group of (200) female students from the fourth year of the Faculty of Arts at Helwan University for the academic year (2024 - 2025). The descriptive approach was used, and to verify the validity of the hypotheses, the researchers used the following tools: Subjective vitality scale among female university students (prepared by the researchers), Psychological flow scale among female university students (prepared by the researchers), Social and cultural level form among female university students (The study was prepared by the two researchers). The results showed a positive correlation between subjective vitality and psychological flow, The dimension of self- vitality (emotional vitality) contributed by 50,4% to prediciting the psychological flow of female university students. Finally, The study reached some results, recommendations and proposed research.

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading and most prevalent form of cancer among women in Bangladesh and worldwide. The objectives of this study were to assess the existing knowledge on breast cancer and the practices of breast self-examination among female Bangladeshi university students. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the 276 female university students. Data were collected by face-to-face interview by using a pre-tested questionnaire.Results: The study results indicate that most of the participants were well informed about breast cancer. Predominantly mentioned signs of breast cancer was a lump in the breast followed by pain in the breast or nipple. The correct responses of breast cancer risk factors were exposure to radiation (58.20%), positive family history (47.6%), obesity (46.9%), lack of physical exercise (43.6%) and smoking (43.2%). The students were well informed about breast self-examination for early diagnosis, but they were not properly informed about frequency. Only 17% reported that they practiced breast self-examination. Respondent’s age, religion, marital status, having a problem in Breast and practices of breast self-examinations were significantly associated (p<0.05) with the knowledge scores in different aspects of breast cancer.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the female students had inadequate knowledge on different aspects of BC and low compliance to recommended BSE practices. Initiating BC educational programs among university students is highly recommended for the early detection and treatment of this increasingly alarming disease.

هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة العلاقة بين نوعية الحياة والإيثارية وبين العصابية، وتعرف إسهام نوعية الحياة والإيثارية في التنبؤ بالعصابية لدى طلاب الجامعة، وتعرف الفروق بين الجنسين في كل من نوعية الحياة والإيثارية والعصابية. واعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي المقارن. واشتملت عينة الدراسة الأساسية على (400) طالب وطالبة من جامعة الإسكندرية، من أربع كليات هي: الآداب والحقوق والتجارة والسياحة والفنادق, بواقع (200) من الطلبة، و (200) من الطالبات، ممن تراوحت أعمارهم ما بين (18 - 22) سنة, بمتوسط قدره (20,65) سنة، وانحراف معياري (0,64). طبق عليهم مقياس نوعية الحياة (إعداد الباحثة)، ومقياس الإيثارية (إعداد الباحثة)؛ ومقياس العصابية (إعداد "أيزنك وأيزنك" وترجمة أ.د. أحمد عبدالخالق). وأوضحت النتائج أن مقياس نوعية الحياة ومقياس الايثارية، يتمتعان بخصائص سيكومترية جيدة، وأن هناك ارتباطات موجبة ودالة بين نوعية الحياة والايثارية، وارتباط سلبي ودال إحصائيا بين نوعية الحياة والعصابية، على حين لا يوجد ارتباط دال بين الإيثارية والعصابية، وقد ظهرت هذه النتائج لدى كل من الطلبة الذكور، والطالبات، وعينة الدراسة الكلية. وتوصلت النتائج أيضا إلي أن لنوعية الحياة فقط، إسهام في التنبؤ بالسلوك العصابي لدى طلبة وطالبات الجامعة، بنسبة 7,4% على حين لا يوجد إسهام للإيثارية في التنبؤ بالعصابية. ومن النتائج أيضا أن الإناث أكثر تمسكا بالسلوك الإيثاري من الذكور، على حين لا توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا بين الذكور والإناث من طلاب الجامعة، على كل مقياس من مقياسي نوعية الحياة، والعصابية.

Sexual reproductive health (SRH) is an important aspect of human life, especially in the younger age groups. Young adults are the most vulnerable group to SRH consequences, as they have limited access to its information and services. This is one of the earliest studies conducted to examine the knowledge of SRH among female university students in Jordan. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of SRH among female Jordanian university students and to determine the social and individual factors that may affect this knowledge. A cross-sectional design was used, and a convenient sample consisting of 427 female university students was recruited from the University of Jordan. The inclusion criteria were female unmarried students aged 18-25 years old, while the exclusion criteria were married, divorced, or engaged female students. A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the student's knowledge of SRH. Data were collected between February 21 and March 20, 2022. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for data analysis, and an independent sample t-test was used to investigate mean differences in the SRH score based on demographic characteristics. Overall, it was found that only 26.2% of all the participants had adequate knowledge of SRH. Additionally, they have inadequate knowledge regarding the different aspects of SRH such as premarital, vaccination, menstruation, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), except for the section on folic acid, which demonstrated adequate knowledge. Furthermore, the participants' scores of total SRH knowledge were significantly different based on their original place of living, current residency, educational level, religion, and university faculty. Due to the inadequate level of knowledge, this study highlights the need to establish educational and awareness programs concerning SRH and to incorporate this subject into the university and school curricula.

We aimed to investigate the association between sleep disturbance and menstrual problems in female Chinese university students. A convenience sample of 1006 female university students participated in this study. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and insomnia symptoms were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Insomnia Severity Index. A structured questionnaire was used to assess participants' demographics and menstrual characteristics. The prevalence rates of irregular menstrual cycle, heavy menstrual bleeding, menstrual flow length ≥ 7days, period pain, and premenstrual syndrome were significantly higher in participants with sleep disturbance than those without sleep disturbance (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, poor sleep quality and insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with menstrual flow length ≥ 7days (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.23-2.68, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.13-2.45), period pain (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.02-2.35, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.02-2.37), and premenstrual syndrome (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.30-2.24, OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.46-2.56). In addition, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with heavy menstrual bleeding (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.12-2.72), and insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with irregular menstrual cycle (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02-1.80). However, short sleep duration (≤ 6h) was only associated with premenstrual syndrome. Our results suggested that sleep disturbance is associated with menstrual problems among female university students. More attention should be paid to improving the sleep quality and insomnia symptoms in individuals with menstrual problems.

اسم الباحث: د. رزق سعد عبد المعطي، الأستاذ المساعد بکلية الإعلام، جامعة مصر الدولية مشکلة الدراسة: تتمثل في ندرة الدراسات الإعلامية العربية التي تناولت التأثيرات التکنولوجية ودورها في تطور مهنة العلاقات العامة دراسة ميدانية، وذلک في ظل ثورة الاتصالات وتکنولوجيا المعلومات التي جعلت العالم قرية واحدة. نوع الدراسة والمنهج المستخدم: تندرج هذه الدراسة تحت الدراسات الوصفية، واعتمد الباحث في على منهج المسح الإعلامي، والمنهج المقارن للتعرف على أوجه التشابه والتباين بين وحدات الظاهرة المدروسة. عينة الدراسة وأدوات جمع البيانات: تمثلت عينة الدراسة في عينة عمدية تضم (10) شرکات تترکز جمعيها في حيز القاهرة والجيزة، تستخدم في أنشطتها، واستعان الباحث في جمع البيانات على صحيفة الاستقصاء، واستخدام المواقع الالکترونية الموجودة على شبکة الانترنت لبعض الشرکات للحصول على أعداد العاملين في وحدات العلاقات العامة، وکذلک استخدام البريد الالکتروني للحصول على بعض خصائص عينة الدراسة، کما استغرقت عملية جمع البيانات ثلاثة شهور ( يونية /يوليو/أغسطس2006). أهم ما توصلت إليه الدراسة: يرى ممارسو العلاقات العامة أن استخدام الإنترنت أتاح للجمهور الحرية في اختيار المعلومات التي تلائمهم، کما جعلت الجمهور أکثر رغبة في طلب المعلومات، وبالذات إذا کانت ذات ارتباط وثيق بمصالحه وتشبع رغباته، کما حفزت جماهير المؤسسة في عرض أرائها ومقترحاتها لتکون مشارکة بشکل فاعل في وضع سياسات المؤسسة وبرامجها، کما حققت الوسيلة ما يسمى بـ Segmentation أي تجزئة الجمهور المتعامل مع المؤسسات عينة الدراسة ، فضلا عن إسهامها في وعي الجمهور بحقوقه، وتنبه الدراسة أنه على الرغم من أن هذه الوسيلة قد زودت من تنوع الجمهور وتعقده. إلا أنها أظهرت مصطلحا جديدا في الحياة التجارية هو Electronic Malls أي المرکز التجاري الالکتروني ، وأصبحت غالبية الشرکات تؤسس موقعا لها على الانترنت ، حتى تزايد عدد مستخدميها ليصل إلى (5) ملايين فرد ، وتسير الإحصاءات إلى أن حوالي 20% من حجم الصفقات في الولايات المتحدة الأمريکية ، وحوالي (10%) في أوروبا يتم من خلال التجارة الدولية. Title: Technological Influences and its Role in the Development of the Public Relations Profession Field Study on a Sample of the Egyptian Petroleum Sector Researcher name: Dr. Rezk Saad Abdel Moaty, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Mass Communication, Misr International University The problem statement: The scarcity of Arab media studies that dealt with the technological influences and their role in the development of the public relations profession field study, in light of the revolution of communications and information technology that made the world one village. Type of study and Methodology: This study falls under descriptive studies, the researcher relied on the method of media survey, and the comparative approach to identify the similarities and differences between the units studied phenomenon. Study sample and data collection tools: The study sample consisted of a purposive sample comprising (10) companies, all of which are concentrated in Cairo and Giza, using the in their activities. The researcher used the data collection on the survey paper and using the websites on the internet for some Companies to obtain the numbers of employees in public relations units, as well as the use of e-mail to obtain some characteristics of the sample of the study, and the process of data collection took three months (June / July / August 2006). The most important findings of the study: Public relations practitioners believe that the use of the Internet gave the public the freedom to choose the information that suits them, and made the public more willing to seek information, especially if it is closely related to his interests and saturated his wishes, and also motivated the masses of the Foundation in the presentation of its views and suggestions to be It has also achieved the so-called Segmentation, i.e., the fragmentation of the public dealing with the institutions of the study sample, as well as its contribution to public awareness of its rights, and the study warns that although this means has provided diversity and complexity of the public. However, it showed a new term in the business life is Electronic Malls (e-commerce center), and the majority of companies are establishing a website, until the number of users increased to (5) million people, and statistics indicate that about 20% of the volume of transactions in the United States American, and about (10%) in Europe is through international trade.

ObjectiveTo study female students’ sexual and contraceptive behavior and compare these results with earlier surveys.DesignComparative, repeated cross-sectional surveys, started in 1989 and repeated every fifth year.SettingContraceptive counseling delivered at a Student Health Center in Sweden.PopulationFemale university students (n = 359).MethodsMultiple-choice waiting-room questionnaire.Main outcome measuresSexual and contraceptive behavior.ResultsIn 1989, age at first intercourse was 17.6 years vs. 16.7 years in 2014, number of lifetime sexual partners was 4.0 vs. 12.1 in 2014, and number of sexual partners during the previous 12 months was 1.0 vs. 2.8 in 2014. Condom use during first intercourse with the latest partner decreased from 49% to 41% (n = 172 in 2009 vs. n = 148 in 2014: p < 0.001), and experience of anal sex increased from 39% to 46% (n = 136 in 2009 vs. n = 165 in 2014: p = 0.038), and 25% (n = 41 in 2014) always used a condom during anal sex. A total of 70% (n = 251) made use of pornography, and 48% (n = 121) considered their sexual behavior affected by pornography. Eighty-nine percent (n = 291) wanted two to three children and 9% (n = 33) had thought about freezing eggs for the future. The female students’ knowledge about increasing age being correlated with decreased fertility varied.ConclusionsSexual behavior among female university students has gradually changed during the last 25 years and behavior appears more risky today. As this may have consequences on future reproductive health, it is vital to inform women about consistent and correct condom use and about the limitations of the fertile window.

Background: sexual harassment is unwanted or unwelcome, and which has the purpose or effect of being intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive (American psychological Association, 2016). Avoidance is the best tool to eliminate sexual harassment. Aim: was to assess sexual harassment avoidance patterns among female university students. Research question: What are the sexual harassment avoidance patterns among female university students? Study design: a descriptive study design was utilized to conduct this study. Setting: this study was conducted at Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Arts, at Ain Shams University. Subjects: Simple random sample of 367 students admitted to previously mentioned setting was recruited for conducting this study. Data collection tools: it was developed by the researcher, data was collected through an online questionnaire: (1) Socio-demographic Interview tool, (2) Sexual Harassment circumstances checklist and (3) Avoidance patterns of sexual harassment questionnaire. Results: The study revealed that approximately one third of the studied students have rarely used the sexual harassment avoidance patterns, more than two thirds of the studied students were rarely using sexual harassment avoidance patterns regarding protection and self-defense, one third of them were rarely using sexual harassment avoidance patterns regarding different social situations, while more than half of them always use sexual harassment avoidance patterns with regards to social media and technology. Conclusion: Overall, one third of the female university students have rarely used sexual harassment avoidance patterns. Most of the students would not be able to recognize threat and would not be able to use patterns to avoid sexual harassment. Recommendations: establishing programs for raising awareness about sexual harassment avoidance patterns and concepts and its different forms in educational organizations, universities, schools and activating and applying the complaint mechanism.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between excessive image editing on social media and appearance-related anxiety, assessing the psychological implications of such practices in the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Theoretical Framework: The study explored the role of social media platforms as effective tools for enhancing the perceived self-image of female university students, where photo editing techniques are used to improve personal appearance and increase confidence. Method: This quantitative study employed a descriptive correlational design to investigate the association between personal image editing practices and social appearance anxiety among 300 female university students from King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The participants were final-year students from the Colleges of Arts, Education, and Law, and they were selected through a snowball sampling technique. Results and Discussion: The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between the degree of personal image editing and the level of social appearance anxiety, suggesting that female students who engage more frequently in photo editing are more likely to experience heightened anxiety about their appearance. Research Implications: This result reveals a paradox where female university students edit their photos for self-satisfaction, yet this practice may worsen appearance-related insecurities and anxiety. Originality/Value: This study offers a unique contribution by examining the dual impact of photo editing on self-image satisfaction and appearance-related anxiety among female university students. By highlighting the unintended psychological consequences of such practices, the research provides insights that can inform mental health strategies aimed at fostering healthier self-image practices.

Binge eating (BE) among female university students is rising in prevalence and few studies have considered the role of social cognitive processes in decisions to engage in BE. This study adopted a theory of planned behavior (TPB) belief-based approach to examine the beliefs that underpin female university students' intentions to BE. Participants (N = 250) completed self-report questionnaires assessing BE intentions and the TPB behavioral (advantages and disadvantages of BE), normative (important others approving/disapproving of BE), and control (barriers toward and motivators for BE) belief measures. For analyses, participants were grouped based on a median split of the overall intention score into those with higher and lower intentions to binge eat. Differences in the TPB beliefs about BE between these two groups were then assessed. Female students with higher intentions to binge eat differed significantly in their endorsement of the likely beliefs related to BE, compared to female students with lower intentions to binge eat. The results suggest that interventions to decrease BE in the female student population should reduce the associated advantages (e.g., stress relief and feelings of comfort), enhance perceptions of disapproval for BE from important others (e.g., partner and friends), provide education about the health implications to strengthen the perceived barriers discouraging BE, and suggest healthy alternatives to overcome the factors (e.g., being alone and boredom) motivating BE.

Skin bleaching is the cosmetic use of hazardous substances or skin lightening agents to change one's natural skin pigment. Skin bleaching products contain substances such as corticosteroids, hydroquinone, mercury salts, and other compounds that decrease the melanin. To assess the prevalence of skin bleaching and identify the motivating factors among female university students in Mogadishu, Somalia. This cross-sectional study included 317 female university students in Mogadishu, Somalia, from February to July 2024. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0, reporting categorical variables as frequencies and percentages; significance was determined at p < 0.05 for both crude odds ratios in univariate analyses and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) in multivariate analyses. Almost 77.3% of participants showed awareness of skin bleaching, with main information sources mentioned as media (39.7%) and friends (34.1%). Two-thirds (63.4%) reported experiencing skin conditions like acne (27.1%). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. From the results, only female students with a monthly income between USD 50 and 100 were 1.21 (AOR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.102-1.6341) more likely to bleach their skin compared to those with an income less than USD 50. The study reveals a high prevalence of skin bleaching practices among female university students despite widespread awareness. Media and peer influence play a major role, and many participants reported adverse skin effects. Monthly income emerged as the key factor associated with skin bleaching, underscoring the need for targeted public health education and interventions.

Female university students often report lower levels of physical activity compared to their male counterparts. While prior research has examined psychological, sociocultural, and physiological factors associated with these differences, many quantitative approaches rely on linear models that may not capture nonlinear relationships. This study proposes a Deep Belief Network (DBN) framework to model associations between lifestyle factors and physical activity status among female university students. A sample of 1,032 female students was analyzed using four predictor variables: Stress Level, Study Hours, Sleep Hours, and Social Hours. These variables were preprocessed through encoding and Min-Max normalization, and physical activity was represented as a binary classification outcome. The DBN model was trained using unsupervised pre-training followed by supervised fine-tuning. It outperformed baseline models, achieving a mean accuracy of 92.4% (±1.2), F1-score of 91.3% (±1.5), and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.96 (±0.01) across five-fold cross-validation. Bootstrap analysis on out-of-fold predictions yielded 95% confidence intervals of [90.1, 94.6%] for accuracy, [89.0, 93.5%] for F1-score, and [0.94, 0.98] for AUC. Latent feature analysis indicated that stress level showed the strongest association with model predictions, followed by social and physiological variables, while study hours showed a comparatively weaker association. Sensitivity analysis revealed nonlinear patterns, including a threshold effect for stress and a U-shaped association between social hours and physical activity. These findings demonstrate the ability of deep learning models to capture nonlinear associations within a limited set of observable lifestyle variables. However, the study does not directly measure psychological motivation constructs, and the results reflect predictive associations rather than causal relationships; therefore, causal inferences cannot be drawn from this analysis. Future research should validate these findings using longitudinal data to examine temporal dynamics and potential causal relationships. Incorporating validated psychological constructs and objective measurements, as well as evaluating the framework across diverse populations, may further improve interpretability and generalizability.