Правовая природа конституционного права на социальное обеспечение в комплексе смежных понятий

In developing countries, it is generally believed that a good health status and education (human capital) bring economic well-being and benefits. Some researchers have found that there are overall financial returns and income premiums correlated with human capital because of its excellent and higher ability. Due to different views and a lack of consensus, the role of human capital is still ambiguous and poorly understood. This study investigates the economic returns of health status, education level, and social interaction, that is, whether and how human capital and social interaction affect employment and income premiums. Using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) for specification bias, we used the instrumental variable (IV) approach to specify the endogeneity and interaction effect in order to identify the impact and economic returns of human capital and social interaction on the values of other control and observed variables. However, we show that an individual with strong and higher human capital positively affects economic returns, but the variability of these estimates differs across estimators. Being more socially interactive is regarded as a type of social interaction but as not human capital in the labor market; thus, the empirical findings of this study reflect social stability and that the economic well-being of socially active individuals is an advantaged situation. Furthermore, men with substantial human capital and social interaction are in a more advantaged position compared to women with similar abilities.

Experts hold differing views on the roles of the soul and the brain in social interactions. Physically, the soul is the driving force behind the body's organs in engaging with others. Social interaction, a reciprocal process between individuals, can occur through activities like conversation. Speech involves various physical components such as muscles, nerves, and the brain. While the brain influences these organs via the nervous system, the brain coordinates the body's muscles and organs. However, findings suggest that the soul plays a crucial role in human interaction. It uses reason to discern right from wrong and relies on the brain to guide the body's coordination in these interactions.

The Personnel and Guidance JournalVolume 55, Issue 3 p. 106-108 Adult Development: “Faster Horses … And More Money” Leon Rappoport, Leon Rappoport Leon Rappoport is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Kansas State University. His primary research areas include cognitive processes, social conflict, human development problems, and psychohistory. Major publications are a textbook in personality development and two anthologies: Human Judgment and Social Interaction (with David Summers, 1973), and Varieties of Psycho-history (with George Kren, in press, 1976). His current work involves another book on psychohistory with Kren. Behavior in Historical Crises, an experimental research on intuitive and analytical modes of thinking.Search for more papers by this author Leon Rappoport, Leon Rappoport Leon Rappoport is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Kansas State University. His primary research areas include cognitive processes, social conflict, human development problems, and psychohistory. Major publications are a textbook in personality development and two anthologies: Human Judgment and Social Interaction (with David Summers, 1973), and Varieties of Psycho-history (with George Kren, in press, 1976). His current work involves another book on psychohistory with Kren. Behavior in Historical Crises, an experimental research on intuitive and analytical modes of thinking.Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1976 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4918.1976.tb04422.xCitations: 10 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume55, Issue3November 1976Pages 106-108 RelatedInformation

Massive datasets that capture human movements and social interactions have catalyzed rapid advances in our quantitative understanding of human behavior during the past years. One important aspect affecting both areas is the critical role space plays. Indeed, growing evidence suggests both our movements and communication patterns are associated with spatial costs that follow reproducible scaling laws, each characterized by its specific critical exponents. Although human mobility and social networks develop concomitantly as two prolific yet largely separated fields, we lack any known relationships between the critical exponents explored by them, despite the fact that they often study the same datasets. Here, by exploiting three different mobile phone datasets that capture simultaneously these two aspects, we discovered a new scaling relationship, mediated by a universal flux distribution, which links the critical exponents characterizing the spatial dependencies in human mobility and social networks. Therefore, the widely studied scaling laws uncovered in these two areas are not independent but connected through a deeper underlying reality.

The Global Model of Constitutional Rights: Introduction

Recent activity in the field of Internet-of-Things experimentation has focused on the federation of discrete testbeds, thus placing less effort in the integration of other related technologies, such as smartphones; also, while it is gradually moving to more application-oriented paths, such as urban settings, it has not dealt in large with applications having social networking features. We argue here that current IoT infrastructure, testbeds and related software technologies should be used in such a context, capturing real-world human mobility and social networking interactions, for use in evaluating and fine-tuning realistic mobility models and designing human-centric applications. We discuss a system for producing traces for a new generation of human-centric applications, utilizing technologies such as Bluetooth and focusing on human interactions. We describe the architecture for this system and the respective implementation details presenting two distinct deployments; one in an office environment and another in an exhibition/conference event with 103 active participants combined, thus covering two popular scenarios for human centric applications. Our system provides online, almost real-time, feedback and statistics and its implementation allows for rapid and robust deployment, utilizing mainstream technologies and components.

Role of Courts in Protecting Socio-Economic Rights

There is almost universal agreement within extant studies that digital technologies such as social media and digital platforms have accelerated and expanded social networks on an unprecedented scale, generating a transformative impact entrepreneurial processes and outcomes. However, there have been limited studies conducted to investigate this significant phenomenon. We aim to address this gap by providing a framework to extend research knowledge in this area. We specifically focus on the online and offline social contexts that are impacting on digital entrepreneurship (DE) development. We investigate the role of these often blended network relations in DE, placing human relations and social interaction at the centre of the study, and shifting away from previous purely technological approaches. While many existing studies in related fields focus on either social networks or social capital, we study the association between them, in the context of DE. As a contribution to extending existing theory, we propose a new research framework to underpin future study, based on established concepts within the literature and our own research evidence. This framework provides a model of the relational linkages between types of social networks and social capital to enable researchers to explore how they impact on the actions and outcomes of DE. Our purpose is to encourage, inform and guide future empirical research, to focus on and develop an understanding of the crucial role of social network interaction in DE development.

Fairness is a fundamental principle in human social interactions that influences subsequent behavioural decisions. As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more prevalent, human-computer interactions have emerged as a new mode of social interaction. This study investigates the differences in fairness perceptions and their impact on trust decisions in human-human and human-AI contexts using a mixed experimental design of 2 (proposer identity: AI/human) × 2 (offer: fair/unfair) × 2 (trustee identity: AI/human). A total of 128 university students participated in the experimental study employing both the Ultimatum Game and the Trust Game paradigms. The results showed that participants who received fair offers had higher trust investment rates and amounts than those who received unfair offers. When offers were unfair, the AI proposer group elicited greater investment willingness, leading to higher trust investment rates than the human proposer group. Conversely, under fair conditions, participants displayed greater risk aversion towards human trustees, investing at lower rates and amounts than with AI trustees. The findings suggest that fairness perceptions in human-computer interactions have a stronger impact on trust decisions than those in human-human interactions.

Formulation of the problem. Modern global challenges and imbalances necessitate cooperation in new realities, change the interaction nature to counter global challenges by activating the most effective forms, methods, types and mechanisms of interaction and creating a new values philosophy and motivational guidelines for socio-economic interaction. The processes of socio-economic uncertainty of economic prospects in the context of global challenges require the formation of theoretical and methodological basis for the economic entities interaction. The aim of the research is formation of theoretical and methodological basis for economic entities socio-economic interaction in the context of modern global challenges. The subject of the research is theoretical aspect and methodological aspect of business entities socio-economic interaction in global challenges context. The methods of the research: historical method, methods of verification of theoretical positions (morphological analysis of the content and interrelation of categories, principles and laws, assessment of historical facts to theoretical hypotheses), methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, logical method (hypothetical and axiomatic approach), comparison method. The hypothesis of the research. In the context of global challenges, it is necessary to change the nature of interaction, for which it is necessary to form a theoretical and methodological basis for such interaction and determine the directions of necessary changes in interaction. The statement of basic materials. Within the epistemological field of research, the definitions of "interaction" as social, economic, philosophical, psychological and managerial categories are analyzed. The providing subsystems of business entities social and economic interaction in the conditions of global challenges are determined, among which the normative and legal, financial, logistical, personnel, informational, logistic, infrastructural, psychological, scientific, institutional, organizational supporting subsystems are singled out and characterized. Within the content (paradigmatic and methodological) basis of the research, it is proposed to distinguish the paradigmatic provisions of socio-economic interaction and the methodological basis of business entities socio-economic interaction research in the context of global challenges. The originality and practical significance of the research. The research of business entities socio-economic interaction in the context of global challenges includes four interrelated blocks – theoretical and explanatory basis of interaction, content (paradigmatic and methodological), applied and managerial basis of interaction, which complex covers possible interaction aspects. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The article considers the theoretical and methodological basis of business entities interaction during global challenges, within which the implementation of the relevant logical blocks is proposed. Within the framework of further research it is planned to develop an applied basis of interaction, which will provide a diagnostic and prognostic field of socio-economic interaction in the context of global challenges and modeling of of business entities socio-economic interaction, as well as management basis of interaction of business entities, which will provide a sequence of management stages of the socio-economic interaction process and determine the interaction effectiveness in global challenges.

This article attempts to problematize objects in the context of changing social reality. An object is considered within the framework of the work, among other objects, as something with extension (i.e., the property of occupying a certain place in space), impenetrability, and the ability to resist external influences, which brings us to the possibility of considering an object as a subject. The problems of interaction between objects and social agents in modern society are considered. The phenomenological approach and the theory of social constructivism were chosen as the methodological basis, putting forward a thesis. The authors pay special attention to the study of the influence of the transformation of material elements on the characteristics of social space through social interaction. The authors analyze the process of adapting the operational potential of an object in the context of a game. The influence of objects on the social environment and interaction with agents is considered. The role of objects in communication and their social significance is determined. The authors define objects through three aspects: activity, discursive and spatial levels. The main focus is on studying the influence of objects on social interactions and their symbolic structures. It is argued that objects determine the boundaries of a social act and influence the process of socialization, and also gives examples of their regulatory impact on communication. The work also examines the symbolic content of objects and their influence on the nature of interaction.

This chapter examines the status of socio-economic rights in Canada and the competing constitutional visions that confront Canadian courts in this area. The chapter presents the historical context and legislative history of the Canadian Charter as a source of socio-economic rights protection. It describes the Supreme Court’s approach to the Charter in light of Canada’s international human rights obligations and considers sections 7 and 15 with specific reference to the positive versus negative rights debate to which social and economic rights claims have frequently given rise. The chapter discusses recent challenges in two of the most active areas of current socio-economic rights litigation in Canada: housing and health. The chapter concludes by referring to the recommendations of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights for resolving the opposing paradigms that characterize this important area of constitutional rights.

In order to attain significative advance in almost any area in modern-day scientific research, it is often necessary to think out-of-the-box. That is, if we want to catch something fresh and new, we need to abandon traditional paradigms and preconceived ways of reasoning. In this sense, the paper by Bisson et al. (2012) in this special issue results quite enlightening, for it seems that, their way of thinking out of the box is based on their ability to think inside many boxes at a time. In this paper, the authors discuss about group formation in leeches, and the way that extrasynaptic neuromodulation affects this phenomenon. Group formation is shown to be facilitated by body injection of serotonin (5-HT). It is also mentioned how the level of endogenous 5-HT is elevated in leeches belonging to a large group. To test the role of 5-HT neuromodulation in group formation, leeches were injected with 5-HT antagonists that prevented them from joining a large group. Sensilla ablation and supraesophageal ganglion disconnection also prevented group formation. It is discussed the role that neurochemicals may have on social decision making in leeches, resembling the case in human interactions. Interesting parallels were thus sketched between social group formation in leeches and in humans. For instance, the authors revealed the presence of social reinforcement dynamics as a feature of group formation. Social reinforcement is known to play an important role in human social interactions (Cattuto et al., 2009; Stehle et al., 2010). It is also shown that before socializing on a permanent basis, leeches first “get acquainted with each other” as the authors argue in the beginning of the subsection Properties of group formation, recalling that groups formed in the first hour are not stable. The findings and conclusions of this paper are thus very appealing and intriguing. However, no less riveting result the methods used to reach such conclusions. Apart from the obvious display of ability in the methods of experimental neurobiology; the group, headed by Professor Vincent Torre, embarked upon a research project that combines ethology (by studying leech behavior), social network dynamics (e.g., reinforcement dynamics), imaging and image processing (image acquisition, discretization techniques), computational geometry (contour-tracing and polygon-filling algorithms), mathematical optimization (constrained quadratic programming), and an overall view from the standpoint of complex systems science; all of this, without abandoning their neurobiological foundations. The scope of studies of this kind, as well as their outreach possibilities, is large. Such disparate areas of research as social network epidemiology (Christakis and Fowler, 2008, 2012), flocking and swarming (Miramontes and De Souza, 2008; Aldana et al., 2009; Nagy et al., 2010), collective neural computation (Hopfield, 1982; Colorni et al., 1992), and of course, physiology and neuroscience, may be influenced by the ideas and methods combined in this study. Last but not least we may mention another feature of this paper that, while it should be a rule on scientific inquiry, it results somehow dismissed in many instances nowadays, likely due to publication pressure. We refer to the role that alternative hypothesis testing should have in research. In order to prove their point about the role that 5-HT may have in the dynamics of group formation in leeches, the authors injected leeches with both, the neurotransmitter and its antagonists, tested the medium for chemotaxis, ablated the Sensilla and disconnected the supraesophageal ganglion to physically block the effects of 5-HT. They also probed about the influence of illumination and seasonal variability for the possible impact on their results. Overall: a gripping, novel – yet somehow risky-analysis, on a quite outstanding series of experimental results that seem to suggest a non-trivial relation between extrasynaptic signaling and social behavior.

Perceiving biological motion (BM) is crucial for human survival and social interaction. Many studies have reported impaired BM perception in autism spectrum disorder, which is characterised by deficits in social interaction. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit similar difficulties in social interaction. However, few studies have investigated BM perception in children with ADHD. Here, we compared differences in the ability to process local kinematic and global configurational cues, two fundamental abilities of BM perception, between typically developing and ADHD children. We further investigated the relationship between BM perception and social interaction skills measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and examined the contributions of latent factors (e.g., sex, age, attention, and intelligence) to BM perception. The results revealed that children with ADHD exhibited atypical BM perception. Local and global BM processing showed distinct features. Local BM processing ability was related to social interaction skills, whereas global BM processing ability significantly improved with age. Critically, general BM perception (i.e., both local and global BM processing) may be affected by sustained attentional ability in children with ADHD. This relationship was primarily mediated by reasoning intelligence. These findings elucidate atypical BM perception in ADHD and the latent factors related to BM perception. Moreover, this study provides new evidence that BM perception is a hallmark of social cognition and advances our understanding of the potential roles of local and global processing in BM perception and social cognitive disorders.

Understanding observed interpersonal touch, particularly the so-called affective touch targeting the CT fibers, is essential for social interactions. Research has documented that observing other people being touched activates the same cortical areas involved in direct tactile experiences. However, observing interpersonal touch also activates an inner simulation of the movements in the observer's motor system. Given the social and affective significance of CT-optimal touch, the present study tested the hypothesis that observing stroking touches targeting or not targeting the CT fibers system might distinctly influence motor resonance to vicarious touch. With this aim, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and motor-evoked potentials recording while participants observed video clips of interpersonal touch events at different stroking velocities. We found a modulation of motor system activity, particularly a decrease in corticospinal excitability, when observing CT-optimal touch as opposed to non-CT-optimal velocities, a mechanism that might aid in understanding the touchee's feelings during vicarious interpersonal touch. Moreover, participants with higher reliance on bodily cues to be emotionally aware showed greater motor suppression for CT-optimal compared to non-CT-optimal velocities. These results shed light on the complex interplay between motor and somatosensory systems in social touch perception and emphasize the importance of affective touch in human social interactions.