선박 운항 시뮬레이션 가시화를 위한 그래픽 렌더링 엔진 기술의 개선 방향

As increasing numbers of people with insulin-managed diabetes use automated insulin delivery (AID) systems or seek such technologies, healthcare providers are faced with a steep learning curve. Healthcare providers need to understand how to support these technologies to help inform shared decision making, discussing available options, implementing them in the clinical setting, and guiding users in special situations. At the same time, there is a growing diversity of commercial and open source automated insulin delivery systems that are evolving at a rapid pace. This practical guide seeks to provide a conversational framework for healthcare providers to first understand and then jointly assess AID system options with users and caregivers. Using this framework will help HCPs in learning how to evaluate potential new commercial or open source AID systems, while also providing a guide for conversations to help HCPs to assess the readiness and understanding of users for AID systems. The choice of an AID system is not as simple as whether the system is open source or commercially developed, and indeed there are multiple criteria to assess when choosing an AID system. Most importantly, the choices and preferences of the person living with diabetes should be at the center of any decision around the ideal automated insulin delivery system or any other diabetes technology. This framework highlights issues with AID use that may lead to burnout or perceived failures or may otherwise cause users to abandon the use of AID. It discusses the troubleshooting of basic AID system operation and discusses more advanced topics regarding how to maximize the time spent on AID systems, including how to optimize settings and behaviors for the best possible outcomes with AID technology for people with insulin-requiring diabetes. This practical approach article demonstrates how healthcare providers will benefit from assessing and better understanding all available AID system options to enable them to best support each individual.

With forensics playing such a crucial role in today's data-driven world, this paper addresses the need to explore the different mobile device forensic tools available. Open Source and Commercial tools are two domains in close contention, with contrasting considerations such as accessibility and security. This paper aims at performing a comparative analysis of the various commercial and open source mobile device forensic tools, with respect to predefined software parameters and by employing a cross-device and test-driven approach. The test scenarios are structured to assess whether the selected tools possess the capabilities of a holistic one, while responding to threats and scenarios pertaining to the digital realm. The Commercial Tools under consideration are MOBILedit! Forensic (including Phone Forensics Express) and Cellebrite's UFED Physical Analyzer, while the Open Source Tools are — The Sleuth Kit (including Autopsy) and SANS SIFT. The result of this paper is a comparison matrix, which could help in identifying the best-fit solution as per the need of the investigation. It could also indicate the degree to which open source tools are comparable to (or better than) their commercial counterparts, and answer questions like — Can open source tools be a suitable replacement for the proprietary tools? Can this in reality, be a feasible shift for the forensic industry?

We study how a commercial firm competes with a free open source product. The market consists of two customer segments with different preferences and is characterized by positive network effects. The commercial firm makes product and pricing decisions to maximize its profit. The open source developers make product decisions to maximize the weighted sum of the segments' consumer surplus, in addition to their intrinsic motivation. The more importance open source developers attach to consumer surplus, the more effort they put into developing software features. Even if consumers do not end up adopting the open source product, it can act as a credible threat to the commercial firm, forcing the firm to lower its prices. If the open source developers' intrinsic motivation is high enough, they will develop software regardless of eventual market dynamics. If the open source product is available first, all participants are better off when the commercial and open source products are compatible. However, if the commercial firm can enter the market first, it can increase its profits and gain market share by being incompatible with its open source competitor, even if customers can later switch at zero cost. This first‐mover advantage does not arise because users are “locked in,” but because the commercial firm deploys a “divide and conquer” strategy to attract early adopters and exploit late adopters. To capitalize on its first‐mover advantage, the commercial firm must increase its development investment to improve its product features.

Centrifuges are commonly required devices in medical diagnostics facilities as well as scientific laboratories. Although there are commercial and open source centrifuges, the costs of the former and the required electricity to operate the latter limit accessibility in resource-constrained settings. There is a need for low-cost, human-powered, verified, and reliable lab-scale centrifuges. This study provides the designs for a low-cost 100% 3-D printed centrifuge, which can be fabricated on any low-cost RepRap-class (self-replicating rapid prototyper) fused filament fabrication (FFF)- or fused particle fabrication (FPF)-based 3-D printer. In addition, validation procedures are provided using a web camera and free and open source software. This paper provides the complete open source plans, including instructions for the fabrication and operation of a hand-powered centrifuge. This study successfully tested and validated the instrument, which can be operated anywhere in the world with no electricity inputs, obtaining a radial velocity of over 1750 rpm and over 50 N of relative centrifugal force. Using commercial filament, the instrument costs about U.S. $25, which is less than half of all commercially available systems. However, the costs can be dropped further using recycled plastics on open source systems for over 99% savings. The results are discussed in the context of resource-constrained medical and scientific facilities.

Designing 3D prosthetic templates for maxillofacial defect rehabilitation: A comparative analysis of different virtual workflows

Open source and closed software security has been debated for decades, vulnerabilities reported for both types of software has been under scrutiny for years. In this study, a descriptive and correlation study for two selected systems is conducted using SPSS 19. The results show that the severity score average of Linux kernel vulnerabilities is lower by %30 than the severity score average of vulnerabilities of windows server 2008, and the time required to patch published vulnerabilities is relatively faster for commercial than open source software. However, a positive correlation between Windows server 2008's variables reveal the irony that severity scores and patch delays are moving in the same direction. The contribution of this article is to shed light on the perception about the security divide between open source and closed software under study that is, although the commercial companies respond faster, however, not according to the severity of vulnerabilities disclosed.

We aim to compare the potentialities of four remote sensing/image processing software: PCI Geomatica V8.2, ENVI 4.7, SPRING 5.1.8, and ORFEO toolbox integrated in Monteverdi 1.11. We listed and assessed the performance of several classification algorithms. PCI Geomatica and ENVI are commercial/proprietary software and SPRING and ORFEO are open source software. We listed the main classification algorithms available in these four software, and divided them by the different types/approaches of classification (e.g., pixel-based, object-oriented, and data mining algorithms). We classified using these algorithms two images covering the same area (Porto-Vila Nova de Gaia, Northern Portugal): one Landsat TM image from October 2011 and one IKONOS image from September 2005. We compared time of performance and classification results using the confusion matrix (overall accuracy) and Kappa statistics. The algorithms tested presented different classification results according to the software used. In Landsat image, differences are greater than IKONOS image. This work could be very important for other researchers as it provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of different image processing algorithms available in commercial and open source software.

The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) protocol is nowadays the leading standard for capture, exchange and storage of image data in medical applications. A broad range of commercial, free, and open source software tools supporting a variety of DICOM functionality exists. However, different from patient's care in hospital, DICOM has not yet arrived in electronic data capture systems (EDCS) for clinical trials. Due to missing integration, even just the visualization of patient's image data in electronic case report forms (eCRFs) is impossible. Four increasing levels for integration of DICOM components into EDCS are conceivable, raising functionality but also demands on interfaces with each level. Hence, in this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of 27 DICOM viewer software projects is performed, investigating viewing functionality as well as interfaces for integration. Concerning general, integration, and viewing requirements the survey involves the criteria (i) license, (ii) support, (iii) platform, (iv) interfaces, (v) two-dimensional (2D) and (vi) three-dimensional (3D) image viewing functionality. Optimal viewers are suggested for applications in clinical trials for 3D imaging, hospital communication, and workflow. Focusing on open source solutions, the viewers ImageJ and MicroView are superior for 3D visualization, whereas GingkoCADx is advantageous for hospital integration. Concerning workflow optimization in multi-centered clinical trials, we suggest the open source viewer Weasis. Covering most use cases, an EDCS and PACS interconnection with Weasis is suggested.

Biometric identification systems must be able to distinguish between individuals in various conditions. This paper presents a review paper on face matchers between commercial and open source SDK and techniques available for face recognition. This paper also presents experiments done in performance comparisons between a commercial face matcher, VeriLook 5.6 and an open source matcher OpenBR 0.5 from a set of images collected from those who work in the offices in various situations including the different poses, and various illuminants. The experiment results taken from those officers in NECTEC have shown that a commercial face matcher performs better but this requires proper set up of face extraction parameters to ensure the optimal results. Further improvements would require other face detection algorithms to enhance the performance of both free and commercial face matchers according to their own particular shortcomings.

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical approach, in which abdominal surgical procedures are performed through trocars via small incisions. Patients benefit by reduced postoperative pain, shortened hospital stays, improved cosmetic results, and faster recovery times. Optimal port placement can improve surgeon dexterity and avoid the need to move the trocars, which would cause unnecessary trauma to the patient. We are building an intuitive open source visualization system to help surgeons identify ports. Our methodology is based on an intuitive port placement visualization module and atlas-based registration algorithm to transfer port locations to individual patients. The methodology follows three steps:1) Use a port placement visualization module to manually place ports in an abdominal organ atlas. This step generates port-augmented abdominal atlas. This is done only once for a given patient population. 2) Register the atlas data with the patient CT data, to transfer the prescribed ports to the individual patient 3) Review and adjust the transferred port locations using the port placement visualization module. Tool maneuverability and target reachability can be tested using the visualization system. Our methodology would decrease the amount of physician input necessary to optimize port placement for each patient case. In a follow up work, we plan to use the transferred ports as starting point for further optimization of the port locations by formulating a cost function that will take into account factors such as tool dexterity and likelihood of collision between instruments.

Two networked embedded systems for existent power equipment are designed in this paper to achieve the goal of remote control and monitoring. Since the basic requirement of industrial control and monitoring systems is the response time; therefore, time constraint is the first consideration in designing networked embedded systems. Telnet and Web server are the commonly used Internet functions for embedded systems. The embedded Web server based system is definitely the better choice for power equipment control and monitoring. However, due to the response time constraint, memory capacity and processing power of embedded systems, a Telnet based system is also presented in this paper. Since RS232 is the most popular communication media for existent power equipment; the developed embedded system is deigned to communicate with the existent power equipment by RS232. After the data retrieved from the power equipment, the designed system can transmit those data to remote control center via the Internet. The experimental platform shown in this paper is a Samsung S3C4510-based embedded system. The embedded system features uCLinux operating system; therefore, the design and implementation of these proposed networked systems could be more effective. Experimental results show that the designed networked embedded systems can be integrated into power equipment effectively.

The ability to display and inspect powder diffraction data quickly and efficiently is a central part of the data analysis process. Whilst many computer programs are capable of displaying powder data, their focus is typically on advanced operations such as structure solution or Rietveld refinement. This article describes a lightweight software package,Jpowder, whose focus is fast and convenient visualization and comparison of powder data sets in a variety of formats from computers with network access.Jpowderis written in Java and uses its associated Web Start technology to allow `single-click deployment' from a web page, http://www.jpowder.org.Jpowderis open source, free and available for use by anyone.

PremiseBiodiversity researchers often need to answer the question: “Which species of taxon X have been documented in (or near) spatial polygon Y?” Online databases with billions of occurrence records, including vouchered specimens and citizen science records, can provide the answer; however, quick spatial processing of huge biodiversity datasets can be difficult, and many general‐purpose tools are constrained by dataset size.Methods and Resultsinfinitylists is a Shiny application and R package that allows users to generate species checklists for a user‐specified taxon and area. It downloads taxon–country datasets (e.g., Madagascan geckos) from biodiversity data providers and uses an open source, column‐oriented data file for fast retrieval and visualization. Available as a mobile‐friendly web tool with preloaded data, it can also be run locally in R for very flexible applications.Conclusionsinfinitylists is an easy‐to‐use tool with applications including supplementing survey data, planning collecting expeditions, and informing gap‐filling. infinitylists is a complementary tool to existing databases to help field ecologists and naturalists globally.

Numerical analysis of a steady-state and transient performance using a tube-in-tube heat exchanger unit for cryogenic process simulator

Computational Approaches in Physics reviews computational schemes which are used in the simulations of physical systems. These range from very accurate ab initio techniques up to coarse-grained and mesoscopic schemes. The choice of the method is based on the desired accuracy and computational efficiency. A bottom-up approach is used to present the various simulation methods used in Physics, starting from the lower level and the most accurate methods, up to particle-based ones. The book outlines the basic theory underlying each technique and its complexity, addresses the computational implications and issues in the implementation, as well as present representative examples. A link to the most common computational codes, commercial or open source is listed in each chapter. The strengths and deficiencies of the variety of techniques discussed in this book are presented in detail and visualization tools commonly used to make the simulation data more comprehensive are also discussed. In the end, specific techniques are used as bridges across different disciplines. To this end, examples of different systems tackled with the same methods are presented. The appendices include elements of physical theory which are prerequisites in understanding the simulation methods.