بررسی تأثیر جلوههاي ويژه¬ي فیلم¬های آموزشی بر میزان یادگیری

The effectiveness of e-learning program is teaching advanced picture and video production is an art that requires great sensitivity to the process of providing constructive knowledge that helps students to learn and grow. Some students experience difficulty in developing narrative sequences or determinants of motion picture and video. But when students learn to work jointly through the revision process as part of an advanced video production course in senior higher secondary school, they tend to develop higher expectations for the quality of their academic work and apply a more rigorous framework of analysis to the media messages they encounter, including fiction motion pictures documentary films, story-based interactive games, and short-form platforms such as commercials or music videos of the chemistry subjects. The researcher desires that more number of educational institutions should teach the topic Chemistry by using on-line method and make the process of teaching and learning more effective based on the quality of picture and video to maintain the effectiveness of E-learning in teaching chemistry.

(1995). Eigenpictures: Picturing the Eigenvector Problem. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 316-319.

This study was to explore the effect of a computer educational game of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction (ESCR) on students learning about related concept and the growth of environmental awareness. Participants were students of five classes in an elementary school in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. Four of these were assigned as experimental group; one class was assigned as contrast group. The experimental group was taught with a self-developed ESCR 3D computer educational game. An instrument, “Concept Achievement Test of ESCR,” was developed and used for pre- and post- tests for observing the growth of concept learning. The “New Ecological Paradigm” and the “Questionnaire of Students’ Experience of the Computer Educational Game Learning” were used as post-tests for examining the effect of the effect of the computer educational game learning. Statistics methods included paired t-test, ANOVA and independent sample one-factor ANCOVA, were used for data analysis. Students’ responses related to the computer educational game were also collected and described. The findings of this study are as follows. 1. After children learned with the computer educational game, their concept of ESCR was significantly improved. 2. Gender effect was significant on how well students learned with the computer learning games. When, the pre-test score “Concept Achievement Test of ESCR” for boy and girl were between 16.31 and 23.42, there was no significant different of gender. However, when score was higher than 23.42, the concept learning outcome for girl was better than boy. On the contrast, if pre-test score was lower than 16.31, the learning concept of outcome for boy was better than girl. 3. When grouping students according to their pretest scores of “Concept Achievement Test of ESCR,” students’ learning on ESCR showed low score group learned better than those in middle and high scoring groups significantly. 4. When grouping students according to their scores in report card and used these scores as the covariate, students’ learning on ESCR showed middle and high score groups learned better than those in low scoring groups significantly. 5. The posttests of the “New Ecological Paradigm” of experimental and contrast groups, showed a significantly positive effect when students learned with the ESCR computer educational game. 6. No gender difference of learning was found when observed with the “New Ecological Paradigm” after learning with the ESCR computer educational game.

In this study, the opinions of the secondary school students on digital games were examined. The research is a screening model research and has a descriptive feature. It was carried out with 521 secondary school students in ElazA±AŸ (a province in eastern part of Turkey) [MSS1] in 2013. Almost all of the participants use computer. More than half of them have computers and internet connection in their houses. It was found that 83.3 % of the participants use computer 0-2 h a day. It has been found out that the secondary school students use the internet to do research, play games, watch videos or movies and communicate with their friends. Most of the students stated that they like playing computer games, feel happy when they complete the game stages successfully. However, there are also some negative aspects, such as addiction as a result of immense gaming motive, [MSS2] some games which involve violence affect individuals adversely, and is considered a waste of time. The findings showed that male students like playing computer games, become happier when they succeed; want to play games more than the female ones and they believe playing computer games contributes to their effort to tranquilise. On the other hand, the female students primarily believe that playing computer games is a waste of time, affects their social life in a negative way and the violent elements in these games are more dominant on the individuals. Key words: Computer games, digital games, secondary school students. [MSS1]A°s it a name for a place, town or what? Need to be specified for the readers. [MSS2]The stylistic of phrase is suggested to be rephased and improved.

Background: It is well evidenced that people with learning disabilities are exposed to multiple disadvantages including stigma and discrimination; however, few interventions have been developed to tackle this. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention called 'imagined contact' as a way to improve attitudes and reduce intergroup anxieties towards people with learning disabilities. This was the first time imagined contact had been delivered as a face-to-face intervention for this target group. Method: University students (N = 107) were randomised to four experimental conditions (imagined contact condition; imagined contact control condition; educational film condition; and education delivered as text condition). Participants attitudes, anxiety and desire for social distance towards people with learning disabilities were measured post-intervention and at one-month followup. Results: Imagined contact did not improve attitudes, reduce intergroup anxiety, or reduce participants’ desire for social distance towards people with learning disabilities, compared to the other experimental conditions. Instead results indicated that imagined contact significantly increased participants’ intergroup anxiety towards people with learning disabilities. However, at one-month followup it was found that imagined contact reduced intergroup anxiety and desire for social distance. Conclusions: More exploration of the mechanisms of imagined contact are needed, particularly for highly stigmatised groups, such as people with learning disabilities, in order for it to be shown to be effective, above and beyond educational interventions. Due to the small sample size and convenience sample utilised, the findings in the present study should be viewed primarily as pointers for recommendations for future research.

Heterogeneous Distributed Computing (HDC) system consists of Workstations (WSs) and Personal Computers (PCs). In HDC system, each WS/PC may have different processor and performance. In order to take advantage of this diversity of processing power of a system, an effective task partitioning, scheduling, and load balancing are needed to get the optimum performance. This paper examines the effectiveness of task partitioning and scheduling strategies for image (raytracing) processing application on HDC system. The static and dynamic/Run-time Task Scheduling (RTS) strategies are shown inadequate for balancing the load of HDC system. Two adaptive tasks scheduling strategies are proposed for HDC image computing system. These adaptive strategies are: i) Master Initiate Sub-task size (MIS) strategy (based on centralized resources management approach), and ii) Worker Initiated Sub-task size (WIS) strategy (based on semi-decentralized resources management approach). The measured results show that the adaptive (MIS & WIS) strategies dramatically improve the performance of HDC raytracing system and remedy the defects of static and RTS strategies. Performances of the all investigated strategies are evaluated on manager/master and workers model of HDC system. In performance comparisons of MIS and WIS strategies, the WIS strategy shows a slightly better speedup and scalability over MIS strategy.

In recent years, product placement is a growing practice in various media vehicles, such as motion pictures, television shows, music videos, novels, and video games. Even though several studies have focused on the effects of product placement within motion pictures and television shows, there is little research related to Taiwanese television series. Therefore, this article takes Taiwanese television series as an example to research into the effects of product placement on brand recall, brand recognition, brand attitude and purchase intent. This research first examines how story content, broadcasting placed products'ads and end sponsor credits influence brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude. A 2*(story content: comedy/tragedy)*2 (broadcasting placed products'ads: yes/no)*2 (end sponsor credits: yes/no) factorial design was used to test the hypotheses. By editing the original Taiwanese television series, we produced eight editions of experimental films. In addition, this research tests the extent consumers’ perception of product placement is positively correlated with brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude. Finally, it examines how brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude will impact purchase intent during product placement within Taiwanese television series. Results of this study show that consumers who watch comedy have more positive attitude towards placed products than those who watch tragedy. Broadcasting placed products' ads partly increases brand recall and indeed increases brand recognition. Furthermore, consumers' perception of product placement has a positive influence on brand recall, brand recognition and brand attitude. Purchase intent is slightly influenced by brand recognition but mostly decided by brand attitude.

Background Both accommodative abnormality and higher order wavefront aberrations associated with near work are interrelated with blurry retinal image.It is very important to investigate the higher order wavefront aberrations in stable and progressive myopic eyes before and after near work. Objective The present study was to observe the high order aberration change of myopic eyes before and after computer work upon near work stimulation as well as the relationship of high order aberration changes to types of myopia. Methods The case-controlled design was used in this clinical study.Sixty right eyes of 60 subjects were enrolled,including 30 progressive myopias and 30 stable myopias with matched age and gender.Refractive errors of the subjects were completely corrected by the wearing of spectacles.The subjects remained the work for 1 hour in front of a computer monitor with 40 cm distance under the dark environment and nature pupil size,and the height of the eye and monitor center kept the same level.The changes of wavefront aberration in test eyes were measured with Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System before and after 1 hour of continuous computer work.The influences of computer-work and myopia types on wavefront aberration were analyzed in 3,4,5 mm pupil size.Root-mean-square (RMS) of aberrations was calculated as the index of higher order wavefront aberrations. Results There were no significant differences in the higher order wavefront aberrations before and after computer work for the two types of myopic eyes under the 3,4,5 mm pupil.The RMS of higher order wavefront aberrations were similar between progressive myopia and stable myopia under the 3 mm pupil condition.Total higher order RMS,6th-order,5th-order and 3rd-order RMS were significantly higher in progressive myopic group compared with stable myopic group under the 4 mm pupil size ( RMS3:F =5.985,P =0.016 ; RMS5:F =3.975,p=0.049;RMS6:F=8.130,P=0.005:RMST:F=6.493,P=0.012) and 5mm pupil size(RMS3:F=13.132,P=0.000;RMS5:F =4.032,P=0.047 ; RMS6:F =4.393,P=0.038:RMST:F=10.508,P=0.002 ).The spherical aberrations were higher in progressive myopic group under the 3,4,5 mm pupil conditions in comparison with stable myopic group,but these alterations were insignificant between two types of myopias ( P＞0.05 ). Conclusions Higher order wavefront aberrations of progressive myopic eyes is comparable higher than the stable myopic eyes.Computer reading task dose not significantly impact the higher order wavefront aberrations on myopic eyes. Key words: Myopia/progressive, stable; Wavefront aberration; Computer work

The aim of the study was to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Among Adolescent Girls in Selected High Schools of Jabapur (M.P.)” Methods: Pre-experimental one group pre-test, post- test design and non-probability sampling technique was used in the present study. The sample consists of 30 adolescent girls of selected schools of Jabalpur selected through non-probability sampling technique. After review of published literature tool was developed to attain knowledge regarding PCOD. Results : Obtained data revealed that maximum (63.33%) knowledge score was at inadequate level in pre test where as in post test maximum (83.33%) respondents had Moderate knowledge The comparative results indicated significant difference among the group as the obtained ‘t’ value 14.33 (df=29) was much higher than the required level of significance. No significant association was seen with the demographic variables Conclusion : Since the results of the t test showed significant difference in pre and post test scores, it may be concluded that STP is an effective tool in enhancing knowledge regarding PCOD among adolescent girls.

The study, which was conducted at the high school RN campus of Liceo de Cagayan University, delved into the influence of gender and personality on computer game preferences, as measured by the Personality Type Inventory and computer game preference, as measured by a researcher-made questionnaire, for the 150 high school students of the said university. The researcher used the descriptive design. The survey method was also used to gather the data needed. The T-test was applied to determine the game preference of the respondents. The analyses yielded the following results: The senior high school students of Liceo de Cagayan University appeared to possess Type A personality. Moreover, it was also revealed that male high school students preferred the violent computer games, while their female counterparts preferred non-violent computer games. Lastly, the statistical test revealed that there was a significant difference between the variables. In conclusion, it can be said that the personality type of the respondents has an important influence in their computer game preferences. This is also true to computer game preferences and gender. While personality type and gender are based on a biological predisposition, it is noteworthy that the socialization process of a male or female individual is greatly influenced by culture. Keywords - Psychology, personality type, computer game preferences, descriptive design, Philippines.

To study the treatment method and effect of egg' s inner-film paste treatment for traumatic perforation of ear drum.Methods 165 cases of ear drum perforation injuries were randomly divided into two groups,namely treatment group with 82 ears which received egg' s inner-film paste treatment and control group with 86 ears which received traditional treatment.Two groups were orally dosed with antibiotics to avoid infection.Egg' s inner films were pasted on the injured ear drums and covered the holes.The pasted films should be taken off or re-pasted according othe sizes of holes in order to observe the effectiveness of the treatment.Results The cure rate of the treatment group was 95％ while that of the control group was 78％.The rates of the two groups ha.d significant difference statistically (P＜ 0.05).The average time for healing of the treatment group was (36 ± 23)days while that of the control group was(52 ± 26)days.The average time for healing of the two groups had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The treatment with egg' s inner film pastes for the traumatic perforation injury of ear drum can not only shorten the time of healing,but also significantly increase the cure rate. Key words: Traumatic; Perforation of ear drum; Paste treatment

Film festivals serve a variety of purposes. They provide a communal experience, foster meaningful conversation about world cultures, cinematic and social practices. In this essay I investigate how different types and levels of support, as well as geography, determines programming choices, financial outcomes and community engagement. I offer a brief overview of Italian film festivals in the U.S. and I focus on the analysis of three Italian film festivals that distinguish themselves amongst the others because, maintaining their differences, they share the common objective of using films as vehicles for “cultural formation as promotion of Italy abroad” as per the Franceschini Act. They integrate academic screening discussions, lectures, and presentations. However, the way in which they are financially supported as well as the area in which they operate, lead to different outcomes. The public spheres of these festivals create those social identities necessary to promote a cultural capital. I affirm that in the U.S.A., in lack of government funds, film festivalsshould count on enhancing their cultural capitals in order continue to attract the support of their patrons, mostly interested in obtaining the cultural capitals of educational film festivals.

The purpose of this study, was studying the effectiveness Of Positive Thinking training On Stress and Self-efficacy of Students, according to the purpose and nature, this study was functional and was used to do semi-empirical method. The statistical society included all girl students of elementary school in Jahrom, was studying in 2015-2016 by the number of 5250 person that was selected 60 persons as statistical sample by Multistage-cluster random sampling. In order to collect data, it was used Sherer General Self-Efficacy and stress questionnaire that validity of questionnaire was by method of content and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha, respectively determined 0.81 and 0.97. Data analyzed by using the statistical method of single-variable analysis of co-variance and variance the result and anova were that, in the post-test in both groups, there was no significant difference in term of self-Efficacy rate and positive thinking training, had a direct and positive impact to increase the rate of self-efficacy in test group students, but in post-test stage, there was no significant difference between two groups of stress.

Physical Education is one of the compulsory subjects in primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. The primary goal of Physical Education is to develop students in the aspects of cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. Teaching and learning of Physical Education should provide more opportunities for students to improve the efficiency of motor skills, movement, and maintaining physical fitness. The teaching and learning process must focus on students' learning to generate understanding, learning, and ' satisfaction. The failure to attract students toward Physical Education may affect the goals of the subject. Enjoyment is a crucial factor underlying exercise motivation and positive participation in both physical activity and Physical Education. 'Students' attitudes toward Physical Education are likely to be linked with their enjoyment in classes. Therefore, to achieve the goals of the subject, it is imperative to create enjoyment in the teaching and learning process. Hence this study to determine the effectiveness of teaching games for understanding to promote enjoyment in teaching games of Physical Education lesson. Eighty students from form Vocational College in Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, and one Physical Education teacher agreed to participate in this study. They were divided into two groups in order to compare two instructional approaches. The experimental group (A), 42 students, experienced Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU), while the control group (B), 38 students, and experienced a technical-traditional approach. The study design was a quasi-non-equivalent group pre-test and post-test design. A pre- and post-test were performed on each group to assess the influence of the methodology used on students' enjoyment in Physical Education. ANCOVA analysis was conducted to determine the effectiveness of teaching methods toward student enjoyment in Physical Education. Results revealed that group A showed greater enjoyment in the class than group B. Significant differences were found in enjoyment.

Objective To explore the specific lethal effectiveness of treating hepatoma carcinoma in vitro using ultrasound-targeted microbubble (UM) destruction mediated by HSV1-TK/GCV suicide gene system,and indentify the effects of UM destruction treatment on the cell viability.Methods HepG2 cells were seeded in the 24-well plates,and randomly divided into 5 groups:(A) blank control group; (B)HSV1-TK:pIRES2-EGFP-TK only; (C) HSV1-TK + UM:gene and ultrasound contrast agent; (D)HSV1-TK + US:gene and UM + pulsed-ultrasound; (E) HSV1-TK + UM + US:gene + US + pIRES2-EGFP-TK + pulsed-ultrasound.After 24 h,the expression of EGFP was observed under the fluorescent microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry.Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of TK protein.Twenty-four h after transfection,different concentrations of GCV (0,0.1,1.0,10.0,50.0,100.0,500.0,1000.0 mg/L) were added into the culture medium,then cells were cultured for another 72 h.The viability of HepG2 cells was measured by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Results Gene fluorescence intensity and tansfection efficiency in group E were higher than other groups.The gene transfection efficiency in groups A,B,C,D and E was 0％,0.39％,0.61％,1.10％ and 36.00％ respectively.TK protein in group E was higher than other groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The cell viability had no significant difference among group before addition of GCV.Almost all HepG2 cells in group E were killed when the concentration of GCV was above 50 mg/L,but almost no killing effect was observed in other groups after addition of different concentrations of GCV.Conclusion Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction can enhance the efficiency of gene transfection without obvious damage to cell viability in HepG2 cells.The method can also enhance the killing effect of HSV1-TK/GCV suicide gene system in vitro. Key words: Carcinoma,hepatocellular; Ultrasound; Contrast agent; HSV1-TK/GCV; Gene therapy