ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ОЦІНКИ ДІЙ ЧЛЕНІВ ЕКІПАЖУ В ОСОБЛИВИХ ВИПАДКАХ В ПОЛЬОТІ

Custom tailors working in the informal sector in Nairobi, Kenya, mainly acquire technical skills through undertaking traditional apprenticeships (TAs). However, most of these tailors are semi-skilled, produce low-quality products and are often poorer than their formally trained counterparts. This qualitative case study explores the aspects of technical skills and knowledge which tailoring apprentices develop, and the factors which influence these outcomes. The findings show that apprentices do acquire basic technical skills for immediate application to ongoing tailoring activities (such as how to take body measurements, draft patterns, and cut, sew and finish constructed garments). However, apprentices do not acquire the technical knowledge that underpins the trade. Most master tailors who have completed TAs lack technical knowledge and have no access to technical skills upgrading. This perpetuates the cycle of basic and limited technical skills transfer to apprentices, poor performance and poverty among tailors. Both apprentices and master tailors expressed concern over knowledge limitations in TAs and a need to access further training to improve skills and acquire knowledge of the trade. The authors of this article argue that, technically and pedagogically, skilled master tailors are critical to improving training quality. Complementary training in theoretical knowledge is also important in improving apprentices’ technical skills and understanding of the trade. Inclusion of TAs in government policy may help ensure sustainable improvement of skills.

Summary To enhance our career development program, our Denver E and P Div. undertook a project that defined both the tasks and the personal characteristics needed to be a fully productive engineer. This paper describes the project's definitional process and the resultant implementation steps. Scope In the early 1980's, our Denver E and P Div. undertook a project to design a 5- to 7-year integrated development project to design a 5- to 7-year integrated development program to help new graduates become fully productive program to help new graduates become fully productive engineers. This paper outlines the reasons for undertaking the project; describes the methodology, recommendations, and project; describes the methodology, recommendations, and results; and discusses some implications for the development of engineers. The project was undertaken to consider the questions management was asking in the early 1980's. How do we ensure that we have sufficient experienced engineers to run the business? Is it possible to develop a fully contributing engineer in 5 to 7 years? How do we let recently graduated engineers know that they are not fully qualified after 2 or 3 years of experience? Is it possible to define engineering "experience" and "maturity" ? Although today's business conditions are radically different from those of the early 1980's, these questions remain relevant. The concerns then centered on high levels of turnover, the bimodal age distribution, and the number of senior engineers expected to retire within 5 to 7 years. Today, many senior engineers have retired, and a relatively young (by historical standards) engineering work force must cope with ever-changing business conditions in times when capital is scarce and inflation will not hide mistakes. So the challenge became one of testing whether it is possible to integrate the process of developing engineers possible to integrate the process of developing engineers in such a way that productivity is improved and mistakes are reduced. This testing also had to be done in an industry full of unknowns, and where risk and high stakes are taken for granted. Structure In structuring the project, attempts were made to build from the "folk" wisdom of what is represented by way of "experience" and "maturity" by the engineers who are frequently asked the tough questions. Every organization has engineers who are respected by peers, managers, and new engineers for knowing what to do the people presidents call when they want a fast, accurate answer. If several of these experts were studied and a definition reached on the profile of the expert/superior performer, then one would know how to direct the development performer, then one would know how to direct the development process. The object was to streamline the development process. The object was to streamline the development process rather than to develop "clones." This point is process rather than to develop "clones." This point is important, because the result should be additional productivity through faster, directed growth rather than a group productivity through faster, directed growth rather than a group of identical engineers. Methodology The cornerstone of the project's methodology was to compare the superior performer with the average performer. From this knowledge, a conclusion could be drawn on where development dollars would be allocated. The second major part of the methodology was to examine not only the technical skills and knowledge of the superior performer but how the person used them. The assumption was that technical knowledge was not the primary difference between the superior performer and primary difference between the superior performer and the average performer. Rather, the big difference was the personal characteristics that the individual brought to the personal characteristics that the individual brought to the job. Such important qualities as being well prepared, looking at a project from a cost/benefit viewpoint, forward thinking, knowing where the industry experts are, thinking conceptually as well as systematically, and enthusiasm were all significant. Grouped together, these personal characteristics represent the intangibles of an excellent engineer. By looking at these intangible qualities, we could define "experience" and "maturity." A consulting group was used to develop and to implement the project. This group specializes in training-needs analyses that examine not only the job and the associated technical skills and knowledge, but also personal characteristics. The first steps were to distribute two questionnaires to all the engineers-one covering technical skills and knowledge, the other personal characteristics. Next, a statistically chosen sample of experienced engineers was interviewed in-depth. During these interviews, each engineer was asked to describe in detail specific on-the-job engineering experiences. We were not interested in perceptions, but in actual events. The consultants analyzed perceptions, but in actual events. The consultants analyzed the interview transcripts, looking for themes that differentiated between superior and average performers.

Background: Burns are the most severe trauma impact on both physical and psychological. With the limited types of advanced dressings are available in some hospitals, many alternatives were developed based treatment of burns moist (moisture balance dressings alternative) to accelerate wound healing. Non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of psychological stress with SEFT therapy, the patient›s with SEFT therapy will be relaxed and the mind becomes calm. Relaxation created very infl uential in the healing process. This study aim: To identify the physiological and psychological adaptation response of burn patients were given a combination of alternative SEFT moisture balance dressings and therapies. Methods: Action Research to determine the physiological and psychological adaptation response of burn patients were given a combination of alternative moisture balance and SEFT therapy The sample is the total population that met the inclusion criteria. Result : There were 8 respondents (March - June 2014). Most of the 75% of men, aged between 17-51 years, extensive of wound between 6-55% TBSA, 37.5% stage II, stage III 62.5%.Physiological adaptation response with an wound healing indicator average 42.37 (36-49) showed that physiological adaptation response is adaptive, long time recovering the second degree on average 17.6 days (7-36 days), the average grade III 28 , 8 days (20-40 days). Psychological adaptation response with an acceptance score average 44.5 (40-50) and supported by the results of interviews all indicate an adaptive response to psychological adaptation. Conclusion: Psychological and physiological adaptation response following administration of a combination of alternative moisture balance dressings and therapies SEFT are adaptive. Keywords: Alternative moisture balance dressings, SEFT therapy, physiological adaptation, psychological adaptation

An analysis of potential crew involvement in a highly automated vehicle for returning crew members from an orbiting Space Station is presented. The purpose of the analysis is to define a systematic process by which the various constraints of crew deconditioning, crew training, and operational environment could be balanced in designing the crew's response to automation failures. The results of the analysis include an automation taxonomy in which crew involvement in a given situation is bounded at one end by mission requirements and level of automation failure and at the other by crew capabilities, and a list of crew functions at each level of potential crew involvement. >

Scarcity accelerates decision makers' perceived perishability of an offer, limiting their freedom to delay the purchase decision and creating a sense of urgency for an immediate action. Despite the ubiquity of scarcity tactics in marketing, empirical explanations of the integrative psychological mechanism underlying the scarcity effect have been scant. This study examines consumers' affective, cognitive, and conative responses to scarce offerings. Through an online experiment with 203 college consumers, this study revealed that the scarcity effects on consumers' affective response (arousal) and conative response (buying intent) were relatively robust across multiple products, suggesting the strong role of scarcity in leading to consumers' emotional decision making. However, scarcity effects on consumers' cognitive responses regarding the product benefit dimensions differed across products. Further research is needed to delve into the personal or situational factors that lead to differential scarcity effects on consumers' cognitive information processing of product benefits.

Surgical Practical Skills Learning Curriculum: Implementation and Interns' Confidence Perceptions

This study explores the competency skill expectations from management graduates in Bangalore, with a focus on both technical and soft skills. As the demand for job-ready graduates rises, a significant gap exists between the competencies taught in academic institutions and those required by employers. The research aims to evaluate the impact of technical skills and examine the influence of soft skills on the job readiness of graduates. A descriptive research design was used, with purposive sampling selecting 145 management graduates as respondents. Data was gathered through structured questionnaires and analyzed using tools like ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. The results indicate that soft skills, particularly teamwork and time management, play a more crucial role in job readiness compared to technical skills. Additionally, educational qualifications and work experience were found to have a notable effect on the development of soft skills and job readiness. While technical competencies are important, they have a lesser impact on job preparedness. The study recommends that educational institutions integrate soft skill development alongside technical training through practical experiences such as internships. Enhanced collaboration between academia and industry is also suggested to better align graduate skills with employer needs. Overall, the study highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach in preparing management graduates, ensuring a balance between technical knowledge and essential soft skills for greater job readiness and career success.

The limited land available has made the community less interested in farming. Even
 the small amount of household vegetable needs is obtained from markets and stalls. For this reason, the community needs to be given knowledge of vegetable farming by utilizing existing land so that at least it is able to meet the family's vegetable needs and if possible can increase household income. The output plan for this activity is: (1) Participants have technical skills in cultivating several types of vegetables; (2) Participants have technical knowledge and skills of hydroponic system vegetable cultivation; (3) Participants are able to produce several types of fresh vegetables; (4) Participants receive additional income; and (5) The local area can become a demonstration plot for similar activities. Methods and outcomes of activities: extension (100%), hydroponic vegetable cultivation practice (100%), sales (25%), and promotion activities (25%). The results and outcomes obtained in the community service activities carried out include increased public understanding of vegetable cultivation and hydroponic systems, vegetable self-sufficiency, utilization of empty space in the yard.

Currently, the main factor in assessing the flight safety level in Russia is the number of aviation occurrences—incidents and accidents, while other multiple parameters directly affecting or powerful to affect flight safety are not taken into consideration and remain in the shadows. The research article proposes a variant of developing a methodology for a multi-factor assessment of the flight safety ensuring effectiveness applicable to operators acting in different segments of civil aviation and incorporating a variety of performance indicators. Use of multifactorial flight safety level assessment methodology with account of all operators’ features make it possible to create a comparative assessment of flight safety level for various operators, which will make it possible to take the necessary measures to improve the civil aviation flight safety level.KeywordsFlight safetyAviation accidentAviation incidentCivil aviationCivil aviation operator

Modern commercial aircraft use extremely complex and sophisticated flight instrumentation systems that present training concerns for the aviation industry and collegiate aviation programs. The authors sampled 42 four-year collegiate flight-training programs to determine their current program emphasis on "glass cockpit" training and plans for curriculum enhancements in that area. Although nearly fifty percent of sampled program administrators believe instruction in flight automation is critical to the success of their graduates, most cite cost of materials and competing curriculum priorities as reasons to defer such instruction to future employers. The authors suggest that program enhancements are within the reach of modern college aviation programs and offer suggestions for three different levels of glass cockpit training.

Cadets, in order to become pilots, apart from successfully passing their flight training program, need to also complete their academic education, where many technical subjects, such as aeronautics, exist. Cadets often face difficulties in comprehending certain concepts in the subject “aeronautics” as well as the applied link between aeronautics and flight safety. To this end, at the Hellenic Air Force Academy, an innovative educational tool is under development so as to facilitate students' understanding of the practical use of aeronautics and its impact on aircraft safety. An important aspect of the proposed educational tool is that it can be easily adopted into the pilots' flight training program and offer a complimentary training experience regarding mid-air crisis scenarios. The new educational tool is based on introducing in-class simulation and problem-based learning, thus combining theory and practice. The aim of this chapter is to describe the development of this educational tool and to demonstrate the way that it can be employed for academic and flight training purposes.

SummaryForecasting migration intensity can improve flight safety and reduce the operational costs of collisions between aircraft and migrating birds. This is particularly true for military training flights, which can be rescheduled if necessary and often take place at low altitudes and during the night. Migration intensity depends strongly on weather conditions but reported effects of weather differ among studies. It is therefore unclear to what extent existing predictive models can be extrapolated to new situations.We used radar measurements of bird densities in the Netherlands to analyse the relationship between weather and nocturnal migration. Using our data, we tested the performance of three regression models that have been developed for other locations in Europe. We developed and validated new models for different combinations of years to test whether regression models can be used to predict migration intensity in independent years. Model performance was assessed by comparing model predictions against benchmark predictions based on measured migration intensity of the previous night and predictions based on a 6‐year average trend. We also investigated the effect of the size of the calibration data set on model robustness.All models performed better than the benchmarks, but the mismatch between measurements and predictions was large for existing models. Model performance was best for newly developed regression models. The performance of all models was best at intermediate migration intensities. The performance of our models clearly increased with sample size, up to about 90 nocturnal migration measurements. Significant input variables included seasonal migration trend, wind profit, 24‐h trend in barometric pressure and rain.Synthesis and applications. Migration intensities can be forecast with a regression model based on meteorological data. This and other existing models are only valid locally and cannot be extrapolated to new locations. Model development for new locations requires data sets with representative inter‐ and intraseasonal variability so that cross‐validation can be applied effectively. The Royal Netherlands Air Force currently uses the regression model developed in this study to predict migration intensities 3 days ahead. This improves the reliability of migration intensity warnings and allows rescheduling of training flights if needed.

Annually, a million hours are flown by helicopters for the international petroleum industry. About 90% of this flying is offshore, and involves around 10 million passengers. Each year some 25–35 accidents are recorded, an average of 22 passengers and crew lose their lives, and a higher number are injured. Some 45% of these accidents stem from technical causes, a similar number are pilot related, and the remainder are linked to other causes. Helicopter accident rates are 10 times higher than those of airline travel.Strategies to tackle both technical failures and pilot related accidents have emerged, although application of these strategies around the world is inconsistent.One way in which helicopter technical issues have been addressed is by the introduction of Health and Usage Monitoring (HUMS) equipment. To tackle the pilot related accidents, lessons have been drawn from the airline industry’s use of Flight Data Management (FDM) programs, which allow pilots to learn from deviations from pre-defined normal parameters during routine flying. The helicopter version of FDM is the Helicopter Operations Monitoring Program (HOMP). Another important training tool is flight simulator training to allow simulated emergencies to be flown and practiced.Petroleum companies have the opportunity through their own aviation policy and standards to stipulate flight crew experience and training, the technical specifications for their contracted helicopters and the application of advanced safety programs, such as HUMS, and HOMP. Compliance and continuous improvement in line with these standards can be verified and facilitated through operational and technical audit. Only with such active involvement can helicopter risk be managed downwards.

The Phenomenon of M. Glinka’s Vocal School through the Prism of Italian Bel Canto Shao Chen Independent researcher, Saint Petersburg, Russia christscccccc@gmail.com Abstract. The article examines the pedagogy of M. Glinka’s vocal school and the composer’s contribution to innovative methods of 19th-century vocal teaching in Imperial Russia. It highlights the fundamental affinities and the distinctions between the tenets of the Russian vocal school and the traditions of Italian bel canto. It argues that a new methodology of training in operatic singing was taking shape, leading to higher performance standards. The improvement of performers’ technical skills, combined with their acting skills and deep immersion in the work, leads to the creation of virtuosic vocal music.

Editor’s introduction: building and deploying scientific and technical human capital