ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ МОДУЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ПРОГРАММЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ МОБИЛЬНОСТИ В УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ

As a major aspect of internationalization, international academic mobility has been among the most discussed issues in higher education worldwide in recent years. However, while more and more institutions in many countries show substantial interest in implementing international academic mobility programs, the practices seem to be surprisingly in slow progress in Vietnam higher education . The current study, therefore, aims to fill up the gap by exploring the reality of implementing international academic mobility programs and surveying students’ readiness as well as expectations for international academic mobility programs in the setting of the faculty of English Linguistics and Literature, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University- HCM city. Using data from a semi-structured interview with the faculty dean, a semi-structured interview with 5 students having just coming back from an international academic mobility program to the Philippines in early 2020 and a questionnaire among 78 students coming from 4 continuous cohorts, the findings evidence that (1) Intra-national mobility programs outperform the international ones, (2) Students expect more orientational activities and support from the faculty, (3) Students show high level of readiness for international academic mobility programs, (4) Students are more open-minded in choosing where to go and what to do during international academic mobility programs. Recommendations are well elaborated at the latter part of the study as references for institutions that are considering internationalizing their curricular. The study hopefully sheds light on the feasibility of implementing international academic mobility programs in the setting of Vietnam higher education.

The article presents the results of a research project on the international mobility of the young Russian scientists. This study is focused on the impact of education or work experience abroad on their future scientific careers, namely their publication activity. The project attempts to consider academic mobility not from the traditional point of view of “brain drain”, but from the perspective of “brain circulation” which sees mobility as a mechanism for the transfer of knowledge and a valuable source of innovation as well as a necessary element of training and development of human resources in science. The participation of the young Russian researchers in international mobility was shown with the help of data from several nationally representative sociological surveys. The original feature of this project consists is combining two different methodological approaches: both objective and subjective assessments were brought together in order to evaluate the impact of international mobility on the future publication activity of young researchers. The case study of one large Russian university was examined: a unique database combining both biographical data (open information from CV and publication activity indicators (data from Scopus)) of employees of this university was collected. In addition, the in-depth interviews were conducted to complement the analysis. According to the study, the involvement of young Russian scientists in international academic mobility over the past years has been low in comparison with other countries participating in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A positive relationship between the international mobility and scientific productivity of Russian scientists was revealed. As was shown, young researchers involved in international mobility not only publish more scientific article on average, but their papers are in fact published in higher ranking journals and are cited more often. Based on the materials of in-depth interviews, the specific mechanisms pushing a young researchers to upgrade their publication activity after or during their academic mobility were identified.

The impact of the academic leaders on the university’s entrepreneurial orientation has received only anecdotal attention, though they are recognized to be important for the flow and transfer of knowledge as they have a pivotal role in setting the strategic goals of their institutions. Our study addresses this gap by investigating the role of university leaders in fostering the creation of academic spinoffs. Particularly we focus on the impact of university leader’s international mobility. Through a longitudinal study of 1176 spinoffs from 59 Italian state universities over the period 2001 and 2015, we find that the mobility of university leaders positively affects the rate of establishment of academic spinoffs. Rectors that experienced international mobility in their career develop networks and collaborations that facilitate the business involvement of their institutions. These positive externalities are larger in internationalized universities as well as in international-oriented regions. The research contributions on human capital theory, social network literature, international academic mobility, and knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship are discussed.

ABSTRACTHigher education is one of the social fields where inequalities are produced and reproduced. Nevertheless, we still know very little about the ways in which heterogeneities and inequalities have been experienced and interpreted by those involved in international academic mobility. In this introductory editorial, we consider some of the crucial conceptual issues involved in the study of the nexus between inequalities and international academic mobility. First, we argue that it is important to take manifold inequalities into account when examining this nexus. After all, inequalities can be detected at different levels, and the mobility process is structured around multiple heterogeneities rather than by a single one. Second, we discuss how international academic mobility and inequalities attached to it go beyond nation-state borders. Third, we argue it is beneficial to extend the scope of to the mobility process as a whole, as inequalities in opportunities and outcomes are intrinsically connected.

This research aims to understand the factors influencing international academic mobility within the Chinese higher education context. The inventory of University Students’ Perceptions of Influencing Factors for International Academic Mobility was developed and tested to enquire about Chinese university students’ perceptions of factors influencing their decisions on international academic mobility. The findings reveal that ‘mobility cost’, ‘quality of host institutions’, ‘future career prospects’, ‘financial aid and employment rate and income in host country’ play leading roles in international academic mobility. Important differences were identified in ‘gender’, ‘major‐ and family‐education background’. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to predict the interest in mobility from the external factors. The results indicated that ‘future career prospects’, ‘quality of host institutions’, ‘mobility cost’ and ‘climate environment in host country’ emerged as significant favourable pull factors for Chinese university students' interest in mobility. ‘Geographical distance’ emerged as a significant unfavourable pull factor. ‘Impact from parents’ and ‘language and intercultural training of home institutions’ emerged as favourable push factors. ‘Economic situation of home country’ emerged as an unfavorable push factor.

Commentary: COVID‐19 Pandemic and Higher Education: International Mobility and Students’ Social Protection

The paper deals with the topic of international academic mobility in Ukraine. It overviews the literature by both national and international researchers on the issue under the investigation and provides a case study of the accomplishments made and pitfalls Ukrainian universities encounter on their integration into the common European educational area. Inconsistent educational legislations between contracting countries, as well as the absence of the uniform legal regulations are stated to be the basic instruments that prevent successful implementing of the programs on academic mobility and factors of major concern that exacerbate the process of students’ or teaching staff’s exchanges, when addressing the topic of academic mobility in Ukraine. A critical study of the analytical data made it possible to spot an array of administrative, managerial, financial, educational proper, and socio-cultural roadblocks that hamper Ukrainian transition into the common European educational area. The authors provide statistics on the top rates countries for Ukrainian outcoming academic mobility, and on the top-rated Ukrainian universities for incoming academic mobility. The research reveals outcoming academic mobility to overweigh incoming one in Ukraine owing to the fact the procedures of transferring a Ukrainian student to a university abroad are less complicated than those of a foreign student to Ukrainian higher education establishments. Finally, there are given suggestions on how it might be possible to align educational curricula with the European principles of higher education to foster international academic mobility in Ukraine.

Анотація. Проаналізовано проблему професійної підготовки фахівців у сфері освітнього менеджменту. Виявлено, що поява зазначеної спеціальності зумовлена метаморфозами в суспільно-економічному житті та гострою конкуренцією між освітніми установами. З огляду на чисельність полівекторних наукових публікацій зазначена проблема актуальна і динамічна, відтак поле для її розкриття дає нові дослідницькі напрями. Огляд літератури дозволив окреслити такі ключові проблеми освітнього менеджменту: практична діяльність керівника, упровадження інновацій; процес підготовки фахівців; моніторинг ефективності та оцінка якості освітнього менеджменту. Через ознайомлення та аналіз із ними ми зробили спробу розкрити сучасні тенденції та актуальні проблеми підготовки менеджерів освіти. З’ясовано, що освітній менеджмент — міждисциплінарна категорія, котра перебуває на периферії теорії і практики освітньої галузі та економіки. І якщо в першому варіанті зв’язок очевидний, то у другому — на перший погляд латентний, проте саме суспільно-економічні процеси детермінують діяльність керівника, завдання якого полягає у вивченні тенденцій ринку праці та побудові ефективної стратегії загального розвитку закладу освіти. Актуальним питанням є висвітлення базових для керівника особистісних якостей, психологічних характеристик і практичних умінь. Так, чільне місце займає вивчення когнітивної сфери, творчого потенціалу та готовності до інноваційної діяльності. Злободенною залишається і проблема організації освітнього процесу. Зокрема, компетентнісного підходу і розкриття творчих можливостей студентів як ресурсу для майбутньої професійної діяльності. Глибше розуміння професійної підготовки забезпечив фрагментарний аналіз окремих аспектів діяльності закладів вищої освіти в Україні, Великій Британії та Сполучених Штатах Америки (по одному закладу із кожного регіону). Установлено, що загальні тенденції підготовки аналогічні, проте європейські ЗВО акцентують увагу на міжнародній академічній мобільності; США — на практичній компоненті; України — теоретичній базі. На основі вищезазначеного матеріалу ми розробили ієрархічну модель факторів-детермінантів освітнього процесу підготовки освітніх менеджерів. Визначили, що їхній вплив, залежно від масштабності дії — лише на освіту чи на суспільство в цілому, може бути явний або латентний. Така модель дає чітке уявлення про місце освітнього менеджменту в суспільному житті. Перспективи дальших досліджень убачаємо в розробленні конкретних рекомендацій, що стосуються розв’язання актуальних проблем підготовки менеджерів освіти. Ключові слова: заклад вищої освіти, професійна підготовка, керівник, освітній менеджмент, лідерство, освітній процес, інновації, мислення зростання. Формул: 0; рис.: 2; табл.: 0; бібл.: 13.

The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying universities’ resources and competencies interrelated with their export activities, and at analyzing these interrelations. To achieve this purpose, the indicators of university activities over a four-year period and the dynamics of their changes are analysed. With the help of panel data analysis methods, the relationships between quantitative indicators characterizing the resources, universities’ competencies, and the results of their export activities are estimated. The annual performance indicators of 589 Russian universities are analyzed through four academic years – from the 2013/14 up to the 2016/17. Over the indicated period, 74 % of the universities included in the sample increased the number of foreign students, this growth in most cases being unstable if taken year by year. The universities with positive changes in the number of foreign students show the following resources and competencies: the development of incoming students’ international academic mobility; international teaching staff and a high level of their qualifications; partnership with enterprises for organizing student practice; international cooperation in research. The results of the study may be of interest for universities planning to develop the export of educational services and making decisions on the implementation of measures aimed at attracting foreign students. The paper analyzes the performance of universities having the necessary data for four years in open access. For further research, the list of analyzed indicators can be expanded, with the values of indicators considered for a longer period of time.

International academic mobility means the teaching or research activity of higher educational instructors or researchers, which spans a couple of days or a few months, during which individual professional growth, the establishment of international cooperation and networks, personal relations and friendships may develop. It is also considered to be a fundamental necessity for building capacity and an outstanding supremacy, even if a country’s academic resources are modest. Thus it is crucial to gain information about its current and actual state, quality, standards, struggles and the direction it is heading towards. As a part of a bigger research study, we wanted to know how international academic mobility, used for capacity building, changes over time, and whether country-specific features and patterns could be traced. In this present study we made an attempt to uncover the international activity based on the academic mobility of the full-time instructors at two Hungarian higher educational institutions. One of them is a large university that plays a leading role in internationalization. The other is a dynamically developing regional knowledge center. We examined the instructors of two faculties from the first, and everybody from the regional knowledge center, since it is smaller in size. Altogether 210 instructors responded to our 60 questions in the survey. The surveys were processed in the SPSS statistical analysis program. Concerning the examined discussions, categories and proposed topics, our research was built upon two previously carried out investigations – a Hungarian and a Norwegian one. We found that in Hungary in the given time period (2012-2014), the instructors with the strongest international activity were: 1. the men; 2. those who held higher academic positions; 3. those who were married or were in a relationship; and 4. who were from the field of social science.

The objective of this article is to analyze the impact of university education on professional achievement, observed from different subfactors and dimensions, and in particular, on career mobility and socioeconomic status in contexts of profound change and uncertainty. The results of two studies conducted at different times with university students are presented: the first was quantitative-explanatory/predictive; the second, focused on International Academic Mobility (IAM) in relation to current professional mobility, was qualitative-comprehensive. The populations consisted of university graduates in the first case and, in the second, exchange students who participated in international academic mobility programs (Argentine students and students from other countries). The techniques used were semi-structured surveys, semi-structured interviews, hierarchical recall, and short life stories. A comparison of the findings reveals a decline in the importance and appreciation of excellent higher education as a means to professional/economic advancement and quality of life, as argued by human capital theorists. Likewise, a devaluation of the “tool” or policy of internationalization of higher education is observed with respect to professional mobility and employability (the Bologna Process). The observed disconnect between training and the labor market, mediated by the problem of "missing" skills, places institutions and individuals before the challenge of professionalization and the need for retraining and updating of skills.

The global academic system is hierarchically structured between a center, a semi-periphery and a periphery. We analyze to what extent the position of a country and a university within this hierarchy of scientific reputation shapes doctoral students’ chances of international mobility. We conducted an exploratory experimental study using fake applications of international doctoral students sent to German sociology professors, who were asked to serve as supervisors during a planned research visit. Our fake applicants come from the core and periphery of the global academic system: Yale, Pennsylvania State University, National University Singapore, and Vietnam National University Hanoi. The results show that applicants from both US institutions get more positive and more personal feedback than the other applicants. This points to the importance of national scientific reputation. Moreover, we can show that universities’ symbolic capital seems to be more important than the quality of a department.

Very few studies analyse the political economy of programs that OECD states have adopted to recruit and attract temporarily international highly skilled workers and professionals. These programs situated outside of traditional temporary foreign workers schemes, are not solely determined by economic globalisation and the liberalisation of trade in services. The role of the state in constructing the conditions of international mobility, and the relation between international mobility programs and labour market management need to be examined. This article provides an initial foray into the political economy of international mobility programs. As the Canadian case demonstrates, the state is actively involved through international mobility programs in the facilitation of economic liberalisation and competitiveness, in shaping the international mobility of highly skilled foreign workers, as well as promoting labour market flexibility in the knowledge economy.

To date, much of the research on international science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) doctoral students has focused either on international academic mobility or on students' acculturation and adjustment challenges and coping mechanisms in foreign academic contexts. In comparison, very little attention has been paid to Asian doctoral students and their personal experiences from a life course perspective.Based on a qualitative literature review, this article sheds light on the experiences of Asian doctoral students in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) disciplines within a life-course theoretical approach, paying particular attention to their agency, socialisation, and educational trajectories and transitions. The process of migration/mobility and transition between academic institutions requires a reassessment of cognitive patterns, behaviours, learning mechanisms, and the exercise of agency and response. The findings highlight how the complex dynamics between agency, socialisation, cultural norms and values, economic factors, academic performance, and institutional parameters influence the educational trajectories and transitions of Asian STEM doctoral students abroad. The result contributes to a synthesis of research findings that could inform doctoral education policy.

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of educational tourism based on the analysis of international academic mobility. International academic mobility is considered as a component of the development of the scientific and educational industry, which also has a significant impact on the general socio-economic progress. International educational tourism is one of the manifestations of academic mobility. In the process of research, the main trends in the development of educational tourism in the context of the internationalization of education were determined. This article also analyzes different approaches to the definition of educational tourism and examines the essence of this phenomenon. Educational tourism is defined as trips with an educational purpose lasting from overnight stay to one year, which may be accompanied by recreational activities. A classification of educational tourism by objectives, age of travelers, and stages of their career development is proposed. Educational tourism is considered as a complex, interdisciplinary phenomenon, which is demonstrated with the help of the graphic model "MET: Mobility, Education, Tourism". The proposed approach to the classification of types of educational mobility according to the objectives and duration of stay in the host country made it possible to distinguish between day visits, tourism, other types of educational mobility, temporary educational migration, and migration. The prerequisites and factors of the development of educational tourism are also analyzed, and the main principles of stimulating its development are highlighted, in particular, the application of the concept of the lifetime value of the client, i.e., taking into account the value of each visitor in the long term.