Особенности проектирования автоматизированной системы управления зданиями жилого комплекса на цифровой платформе

The algorithm of structural and parametric synthesis of automatic control systems for limitedly uncertain non-linear objects with unstable balance status and right own values in their exit matrix is proposed. The pecu-liarity of the structural synthesis algorithm is that synthesized automatic control systems use differential com-pensating connection with two components. The signal of one of them is proportional to the signal of disa-greement between the required and measured values of the state vector of the system. A signal of another com-ponent is formed by the sign-operated integral feedback on the module of the control influence. The algorithm of parametric synthesis is reduced to solving the problem at a conditional minimum of integral regulatory error when limiting the characteristic frequency multi-member module to an algorithmically linearized system.

Analysis and Synthesis of Automatic Control Systems with Controlled Converters

The problem of structural-parametric synthesis of automatic control systems (ACS) of technological objects is deter-mined by the multi-dimensionality, multi-connectedness and nonlinearity of their mathematical models. Despite the indicated properties of such objects, traditional linear systems based on PID-algorithms are still used for process control. Since the synthesis of linear systems using input-output models does not take into account the multi-dimensionality and mutual influence of state coordinates, such systems increase the influence of parametric and signal perturbations on the quality of control processes. The increasing requirements for the quality and efficiency of technological processes control made it expedient to apply the control principle by the state vector based on the use of uninertial state regulators or combined state regulators including flexible feedback on the derivative state coordinates or state coordinate integrals. The research uses methods of system analysis of technological processes as control objects, methods of automatic control theory, methods of control systems synthesis on the state regulators basis, meth-ods of computer simulation. The linearized mathematical model of liquid-phase chemical reactor in the state space has been obtained. It has been established that the investigated object has the property of free movement stability and it is fully controlled in the state space. The problem of synthesis of a single-channel concentration vector control system in a chemical reactor using state regulator has been solved. The parameters of state regulator settings have been determined using the method of modal control. The efficiency of the automatic control system on the basis of the state regulator with an integral component has been shown using the method of computer simulation of the ‘nonlinear object – linear control subsystem’ complex. It has been demonstrated that the absence of an integral component in the control algorithm structure leads to a great static error of regulation. To eliminate the static error of control and ensure the robustness of the control system, it is recommended to introduce an integral component into the structure of state controller. This ensures the efficiency of the control system both for the case of complete measurement of the state vector and for the case of measurement of the output controlled variable only.

The article discusses a mathematical model of wind, taking into account its stochastic component and wind of a steady direction, presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effect of wind parameters on the total wind velocity vector acting on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The main non-line arities of the autopilot servo elements and their influence on the output signal are considered. The reaction of the contour of the UAV flight altitude stabilization to the wind is considered, taking into account the nonlinearity of the servo drive elements. Proved the need to take into account the wind in the synthesis of automatic control systems (ACS) and the contours of the angular stabilization of the drone at stages where the flight speed of the drone is less than 30 m / s.

Sub-optimal constant-volume control for open channel networks

The role of sensitivity analysis in engineering problems

The approach to the synthesis of fractional controllers for automatic control systems circuits by a particle swarm optimization method has been proposed. Novelty of this approach lies in the idea that one is supposed to choose the desired quality of the transition process by the parameters of one of the standard fractional Butterworth forms. The paper considers two variants of the controller parameters synthesis by a particle swarm optimization: using the transition function of desired standard fractional form; using the characteristic points of transition function of desired standard fractional form.

The issues of analytical synthesis of automatic control systems with a finite transient time of control in relation to a class of linear stationary systems are discussed. The control object is represented by a continuous vector-matrix model of arbitrary order, control unit is represented by a not-recursive discrete model in the form of the finite State Space regulator. The method of algebraic synthesis of finite and quasi-finite control, including optimal synthesis stages of free and forced system motion, is presented. An example of the synthesis of an electromechanical servo control system is considered. The results of the synthesis and simulation are given, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Synthesis of Automatic Control System by means of Compensation Formulas

A LAN-cable was considered as an object of research. A mathematical description of the mutual influence on the far and near ends in symmetrical communication cables is presented. Its assumed that the tightening of the tolerance for the diameter of the insulated core will ensure the guaranteed achievement of the required quality indicators of the symmetrical communication cable. An algorithm for calculating the mutual influence between two and four circuit is given. A mathematical description was obtained and a simulation model of the mutual influence on the near and far ends was constructed for two twisted pairs, taking into account the length of the chain and the frequency of the transmitted signal. Computer studies were performed when the diameters of isolated LAN-cable cores were varied, taking into account its length, the mutual influence on the near end of the coefficients of the capacitive coupling, and transient attenuation on the near end. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis and are the basis for the synthesis of automatic control systems for the LAN-cable manufacturing process.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the characteristics of heat exchangers methods for determining their mathematical models. The necessity of the availability of the mathematical model during the synthesis of automatic control systems with desired properties. The method of identification of the thermal control object by the testing control action is proposed. Since technological control objects always be an energy of interaction the energy efficiency criterion applied for automatic formation of the control action. Also the analytical self-adjusting system with a reference model in the form of an integrating link was applied. From the analytical researches it follows that the movement of the system along the optimal trajectory occurs at a constant speed and does not depend on the properties of the control object, and the optimal control depends on the properties of the control object, time, and technological requirements. It is shown that mathematical models of heat exchangers of the first and second orders are determined quite simply. The accuracy of the mathematical model parameters is limited only by the accuracy of the experimental data. The quality of control systems with desired properties, synthesized by experimental, and accurate models are virtually indistinguishable.

The object of this study is a mathematical model of a synchronous electric motor, obtained on the basis of experimental data, which takes into account the temperature mode and uses artificial features to increase the accuracy of its operation. A characteristic feature of this work is that the model takes into account the temperature mode as a component of the technical-operational state of the object. The resulting mathematical model could make it possible to synthesize an optimal automatic control system in terms of the operational state of the object. The problem addressed was to increase the accuracy of the identified mathematical models by applying the approach of feature engineering. The results showed that the identification of mathematical models by the initial data leads to a low level of accuracy of the obtained models, namely 65–70 % for the first output channel, 80–85 % for the second, and 75–80 % for the third, fourth, and fifth output channels. Accordingly, building models with a higher threshold of accuracy requires the use of other, more significant data for identification. This paper reports a method for reformatting the original data into artificial features and provides results of their effectiveness in relation to the original channels. The resulting artificial features and the original features were used for further identification; the resulting mathematical model has on average higher accuracy thresholds, namely 82 %, 93 %, 88 %, 85 % for the corresponding output channels. The results prove the effectiveness of applying the principle of feature engineering since the accuracy of the resulting model is 5–10 % higher compared to the baseline. The scope of practical application of the results includes the synthesis of automatic control systems based on mathematical models of control objects obtained as a result of identification.

The complexity of problems facing society continues to grow, and decision-makers and problem-solvers are finding many of today's emerging problems to be beyond their capability to adequately address. There is agreement in the literature that problems of this nature are complex system problems, inextricably linked to some highly complex system of systems. Establishing a clear understanding of the specific complex system context is fundamental to the process of understanding and analyzing complex systems and complex system problems across all of the different systems-based disciplines. While complex system context is widely referred to in systems literature, there is no clear characterization of exactly what system context is, making this foundational system concept ambiguous. This research addressed this gap in the systems body of knowledge by providing the needed detail and clarity to the concept of complex system context. A rigorous research methodology, employing the grounded theory method, was used to analyze data collected through a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with individuals reflecting a wide range of systems education and practical experience. Two research questions were identified as integral to increasing the understanding of context within complex systems. (1) What are the constituent elements of complex system context, and what attributes and dimensions characterize these elements? (2) What systems-based framework can be developed for constructing and articulating complex system context? Using the grounded theory method, a theory of system context was constructed, adding to the systems body of knowledge and substantiating a comprehensive and unambiguous theoretical construct for system context within complex systems. Then, based on this theory, a conceptual model to articulate and capture system-specific complex system context was developed---the Complex System Contextual Framework (CSCF). The CSCF shows significant promise for contribution to systems practitioners by supporting the future development of tools to help practitioners capture system context as a part of complex system problem formulation. The research also made a contribution in the area of research methodologies by furthering the use of the grounded theory method in the engineering management and systems engineering domain, an area where its application has been very limited.

Integrated distributed energy evaluation software (IDEAS): Simulation of a micro-turbine based CHP system

Complex systems abound on this planet, in the composition of the human body, in ecosystems, in social interaction, in political decision-making, and more. Analytical methods allowing us to better understand how these systems operate and, consequently, to have a chance to intervene and change the undesirable behavior of some of the more pernicious systems have developed and continue to be enhanced via quickly changing technology. Some of these analytical methods are accessible by pre-college students, but have not been widely used at that level of education. Jay Forrester, the founder of one of the methodologies, System Dynamics (SD), used to study complex system behavior involving feedback, laments the lack of understanding of complex systems evident in short-sited decisions made by legislators -- global climate change and fiscal policies being cases in point. In order to better prepare future decision makers with tools that could allow them to make more informed decisions about issues involving complex systems efforts have been underway to increase pre-college teacher understanding of the SD method. The research described in this dissertation introduces the mathematics education community to the value of System Dynamics modeling in pre-college algebra classes, indicates a path by which a traditional mathematics curriculum could be enhanced to include small SD models as a new representation for elementary functions studied in algebra classes, and provides an empirical study regarding conceptual understanding of functions by students. Chapter 2 indicates the numerous beneficial learning outcomes that empirical studies have shown accompany model-building activities. Chapter 3 indicates the need for students to become familiar with complex systems analysis, how SD modeling (one method of complex systems analysis) aligns with the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics, and the work that has transpired over the past two decades using SD in K-12. Chapter 4 focuses on the importance of the concept of function in high school mathematics, some limitations of exclusive reliance on the closed form equation representation for mathematizing problems and the SD stock/flow representations of some of the elementary functions that are studied in algebra classes. Chapter 5 looks at the issues affecting two traditional teachers and the challenges they faced when trying to reintroduce SD modeling into their algebra classes. Chapter 6 explains the student component of the classroom experiment that was conducted by the teachers who are highlighted in Chapter 5. The analysis of the results of student model-building activities in the two classroom