의료기관 근로자의 환자 개인정보 보호 인식에 대한 평가도구 개발 및 검증

The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) 2013 came into force in South Africa on 1 July 2020. It seeks to strengthen the processing of personal information, including health information. While POPIA is to be welcomed, there are concerns about the impact it will have on the processing of health information. To ensure that the National Health Laboratory Service [NHLS] is compliant with these new strict processing requirements and that compliance does not negatively impact upon its current screening, treatment, surveillance and research mandate, it was decided to consider the development of a NHLS POPIA Code of Conduct for Personal Health. As part of the process of developing such a Code and better understand the challenges faced in the processing of personal health information in South Africa, 19 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders were conducted between June and September 2020. Overall, respondents welcomed the introduction of POPIA. However, they felt that there are tensions between the strengthening of data protection and the use of personal information for individual patient care, treatment programmes, and research. Respondents reported a need to rethink the management of personal health information in South Africa and identified 5 issues needing to be addressed at a national and an institutional level: an understanding of the importance of personal information; an understanding of POPIA and data protection; improve data quality; improve transparency in data use; and improve accountability in data use. The application of POPIA to the processing of personal health information is challenging, complex, and likely costly. However, personal health information must be appropriately managed to ensure the privacy of the data subject is protected, but equally that it is used as a resource in the individual’s and wider public interest.

Increasing burden of institutional review in multicenter clinical trials of infertility: the Reproductive Medicine Network experience with the Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PPCOS) I and II studies

Protecting personal health information has long been a key ethical concern in healthcare. With the rise of digital health systems, privacy concerns have intensified. In least developed countries like Myanmar, where digital literacy is low, public and governmental awareness of privacy issues is limited, and data protection laws are lacking, the health information privacy area remains largely unaddressed and understudied. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the level of privacy concerns related to personal health information in Myanmar and identify the factors associated with these concerns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2024 among 424 participants recruited online and through two private clinics. A validated 21-item scale measuring six domains: Collection, Errors, Unauthorized Secondary Use, Improper Access, Control, and Awareness, was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the scale, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the concerns. Among the 424 participants, 77.83% reported high concerns. The highest concern was observed in the Awareness domain (mean 5.02, SD 1.65), while the Collection domain showed the lowest (mean 3.41, SD 1.44). Participants aged 45 years or older had significantly lower odds of high concerns compared to those aged 18-24 years, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.29 (95% CI 0.09-0.88). In contrast, those reporting good health (aOR 3.72, 95% CI 1.69-8.23) and high health concerns (aOR 5.26, 95% CI 3.02-9.45) had increased odds of high privacy concerns. These findings highlight the need for robust privacy safeguards, legal frameworks, and trust-building measures to support Myanmar's transition to digital health systems. Sampling via online channels and private clinics likely introduced an urban/educated bias, limiting generalizability. However, the findings may still provide insights relevant for other least developed countries facing similar challenges in balancing digital innovation with the protection of personal health information.

Privacy abuses at Veterans Affairs Canada[1][1] raise concerns about whether the Canadian Armed Forces offer sufficient protection of personal health information. In the absence of adequate safeguards, health professionals, including civilian and military physicians, may be forced to choose between

Databases are valuable tools allowing the collection and retrieval of relevant patient data. Clinical neuroscientists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists treating patients with intracerebral aneurysms can benefit from ad hoc designed tools for the collection and retrieval of clinical and radiological data. In fact, data need be collected to answer clinical questions which cannot be inferred from the literature, such as mortality and morbidity data of aneurysm patients for a specific hospital. Moreover, innumerable research questions cannot be properly addressed without the support of clinical and radiological data collected over time. Standards assuring information accuracy and easy access to the stored data must coexist with the standards that protect an individual’s identifiable health information, particularly with a growing number of patients and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This work, describes the design and application of a relational database by a multidisciplinary team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists, which can be utilized to manage data from patients with intracranial aneurysms. We discuss the efforts to balance simplicity of access and possibility to share and retrieve data with protection of personal health information (PHI) and the strategies employed to guarantee correctness and completeness of the inserted data.

As mentioned above, with the continuous development of big data in the world, there are numerous incidents of using this technology to infringe on personal health information, and it has brought personal, property and spiritual damages to the subject of the information and even his/her family members. China's Personal Information Protection Law explicitly incorporates personal information protection into the statutory scope of prosecutorial public interest litigation, the procuratorate shoulders the burden of safeguarding the public interests of the state and society, and is actively exploring the path of protection related to personal health information.

This study aims to explore the structure of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Physical Education (PCK-PE), develop a scale, and verify its validity. This study was divided into primary and secondary preliminary surveys and one main survey. First, a scale was developed through the Delphi verification process after data were collected through an open questionnaire administered to 97 physical education teachers in January 2020. Second, a descriptive statistical analysis and an exploratory factor analysis was performed on data collected from 163 physical education teachers in February 2020. Finally, a questionnaire was administered to 265 physical education teachers in March 2020. The reliability of the scale was analyzed. Through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent, nomological, and discriminant validity were verified. A correlation analysis was conducted to verify criterion-related validity. Based upon the analysis, a PCK-PE scale was developed with 21 questions and five factors: knowledge of curriculum, pedagogy, educational philosophy, education evaluation, and class environment. The reliability and validity of the developed scale were verified.

The aim of this research is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of The Work and Meaning Inventory (WAMI). The participants of this study consisted of 352 teachers. The validity and reliability of scale was investigated by test re-test, Cronbach alpha, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion related validity methods. The Job Crafting Scale (JCS) was used for the criterion related validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that 10 items loaded on three factors (positive meaning, meaning making through work, and greater good motivations): x²/df= 2,15, RMSEA= .087, CFI= .98, IFI= .98, NFI= .94, NNFI= .96, SRMR= .057. In the concurrent validity significant relationship (r= .41) was found between total WAMI and the Job Crafting Scale. The internal consistency coefficients of three subscales were .68, .64, and .73, respectively. The overall internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .86. Test-retest reliability coefficient was .69. The corrected item-total correlations of WAMI ranged from .30 to .62. Overall findings demonstrated that this scale had high validity and reliability scores and that it may be used as a valid and reliable instrument in order to measure diverse ideas of individual about meaningful work. Nevertheless, further studies that will use WAMI are important for its measurement force.

This is Part I of a two-part article that provides a broad overview of the new health sector privacy legislation in Ontario, and compares this legislation to personal health legislation in other provinces. In Part I, we discuss the objectives, structure and scope of, as well as the substantive rights and obligations created by, the Ontario Act. In Part II, which will appear in the Fall 2004 issue, we will discuss the administrative obligations under the Ontario Act, as well as the provisions relating to enforcement and remedies. We will also discuss the approach to the protection of personal health information taken by other provinces, including Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, which have already enacted legislation that is similar in many respects to the Ontario Act.

DECREASED SOUND TOLERANCE (DST): PREVALENCE, CLINICAL CORRELATES, AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DST ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT By Therese Verkerke Cash, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015 Major Director: Scott R. Vrana Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology Decreased sound tolerance (DST) conditions, including misophonia and hyperacusis, are emerging clinical conditions in behavioral medicine. Misophonia involves an extreme emotional response (often anger, disgust, or annoyance) to specific sounds (such as people chewing, swallowing, tapping their foot on the floor, etc.), while hyperacusis is defined by high sensitivity to sounds below normal sound sensitivity thresholds. Although research on these DST conditions is increasing, clearly defined prevalence rates, associations with other mental health conditions, and development of assessment tools that can identify and differentiate DST symptoms are needed. Research and clinical reports also suggest that DST problems are more likely to occur in individuals affected by tinnitus, and that drawing upon a bio-psychosocial conceptualization of tinnitus and other behavioral medicine conditions may be useful in understanding and treating DST conditions. This cross-sectional survey study was administered to college student (N=451) and community adult (N=375) samples and investigated DST prevalence rates, clinical correlates, and risk factors and mechanisms of action for misophonia and hyperacusis. In addition, the study developed and validated a new scale to identify misophonia and hyperacusis type sound sensitivity. Nearly 35% of individuals surveyed reported some degree of general auditory sensitivity, with 15-63% endorsing misophonia symptoms, and 17-26% endorsing hyperacusis symptoms, with rates depending on assessment method. Moderate to strong correlations were found between DST conditions and other mental and physical health conditions, including obsessive compulsive disorder, autism-spectrum traits, anxiety, depression, social phobia, medical conditions, and somatic and neurobehavioral symptoms. Mediation models revealed that the process by which misophonia symptoms become clinically significant and functionally impairing is partially mediated by amplification of bodily sensations and anxiety sensitivity. Risk factors for functional impairment related to misophonia symptoms were identified in moderation analyses and included neuroticism, synesthesia, and sensory sensitivity. An assessment instrument, the DST-10, and its subscales the Loudness Sensitivity Scale and Human Sounds Scale, was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and initial evidence for construct validity was demonstrated. This study was the first to assess hyperacusis, misophonia, and tinnitus rates in large general population samples and provides initial support for conceptualizing DST problems as behavioral medicine conditions.

The thesis titled antecedents and enablers of green supply chain practices focuses on one of the most contemporary issues in supply chain management. The literature review explores the existing literature and research work on green supply chain practices and develops a framework for the research. The research is qualitative in nature and data was collected from the three automobile component-manufacturing companies in India. Semi structured interviews were conducted over a period of 18 months. There were three objectives for this thesis: 1. Describing the current state of green supply chain practices? 2. What are the antecedents and enablers for green supply chain practices? 3. What are the underlying mechanisms, if any? The research work concludes by answering all the above three questions and also gives the future direction for research. The research work started by finding a gap for the empirical research in the context of green supply chain practices. The objective of the research was to focus on antecedents and enablers of green supply chain practices. Some contextual factors, inhibitors and consequences are also emerged during the pilot case study. The research work is rigor and to ensure the rigor of the research design, five-stage process was used to structure the methodology. As a final check author assessed his research against the four basic tests commonly used in empirical research; construct validity, internal validity, external validity and reliability. The research study has contributed both to the development and testing of theory relating to the antecedents and enablers of green supply chain practices. The review of literature provided a synthesis of the underpinning bodies of literature that has not previously been conducted in this way. This resulted in the identification of ten core green supply chain practices for the development of antecedents and enablers that created the foundation for author’s empirical investigation. It was found that previous studies have been largely theoretical. The empirical studies that do exist have focused on one particular dyadic relationship with in green supply chain practices. A double contribution has been made to testing the theory of green supply chain practices from a process and output perspective. As process perspective, a contribution has been made to methodology by developing a robust approach for conducting supply chain research beyond the dyad. From output perspective, the author has the empirical results from the three individual case studies and their cross-case comparison for dissemination to an academic audience. Specific contribution of this research to theory development include: 1. Development of macro model of green supply chain practices with the inputs from literature. 2. The synthesis of ten core green supply chain practices with antecedents and enablers from existing body of literature enriched through empirical testing 3. Empirical derivation of three contextual factors. Although the research work is new and contribute to the theory and practices, there are still some limitations of this research. Two minor limitations have been identified: 1. Generalizability of result to practice to practice: Due to the limited size of the case study approach, the results can only be generalized to theory and not to practice. 2. Variation in quality of information: The scope of data collection for all three case studies was same still the quality of information gathered was different. As good quality cross-case analysis was still possible but the relative strengths of the three cases varied. Overall the research work is original, rigor, and contributes to the existing theory and also paves the path for future research work in the area of green supply chain practices.

Giriş: Hasta düşmelerine neden olan risk faktörlerinin belirlenebilmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir risk değerlendirme araçlarına ihtiyaç vardır. Amaç: Bu araştırma ile HARİZMİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği'nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma retrospektif desende vaka-kontrol korelasyonel psikometrik bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini bir üniversite ve bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde yatarak sağlık hizmeti alan 16 yaş ve altı 480 hasta oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği Cronbach alpha katsayısı ve madde toplam puan korelasyonu, geçerliği ise ROC eğrisi, duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif öngörü değeri ve negatif öngörü değerleri hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ölçeğin Cronbach alpha katsayısı .35 olarak hesaplanmış ve ölçekte yer alan maddelerin hepsinin toplam puan ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyona sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. HARİZMİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin duyarlılık değeri .43, özgüllük değeri .62, pozitif öngörü değeri .37, negatif öngörü değeri ise .68 olarak hesaplanmıştır. ROC analizi sonucunda ROC Eğrisi Altında Kalan .61 bulunmuştur (p = .031; %95 Güven Aralığı = .51 - .69). Sonuç: Araştırma kapsamında HARİZMİ Düşme Riski Ölçeği’nin güvenirliğinin ve hastaları ayırım gücünün düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonraki araştırmalarda ölçeğin revize edilerek daha geniş bir örneklemde uygulanması önerilir.

Emotional and personality related career decision making difficulties basically result from emotional and personality related factors and include stronger a more intense indecisiveness that an individual experiences in decision making. In this respect, the purpose of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the short form of Emotional and Personality related Career Decision Making Scale. The scale was applied with a high school student group of 428 for the reliability and validity study. The structural validity of the scale was tested with a confirmatory factor analysis and the goodness of fit coefficients obtained at the end of the analysis was found to be at acceptable levels. The scale was also applied with a high school student group of 145 along with the Personal Indecisiveness Scale for similar scales validity and a positively significant relationship was found between the two scales. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was .88 and test-retest correlation coefficient obtained when the scale was reapplied after three weeks was .70. It was concluded that findings obtained regarding the psychometric characteristics of the scale were at a sufficient level and had useful structure and properties to be used in research related with career decision making difficulties. It is expected that the scale the validity of which was tested would fill a significant gap in research regarding career indecisiveness of high school students

The motivation for learning mathematics is an essential factor in predicting the performance of secondary school students. Students who are intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to learn mathematics generally demonstrate higher performance than others who are not motivated. However, a properly designed instrument for the measurement of this construct has been sparsely reported in the literature. The present study is carried out to develop an instrument of high psychometric properties for measuring the construct. The study involved 439 students randomly selected across secondary schools using a survey research design. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the factor structure and distribution of items in each of the mathematics motivation subscales. The factors are extracted using principal component analysis, and the extracted factors are rotated using varimax. The analysis results in a final 24-item mathematics motivation scale, which contained five subscales with around half of the total variance explained of 48.99% explained variance. A high-reliability coefficient was found for the whole instrument with some empirical evidence of construct validity. The concise instrument is recommended for assessing the motivation of secondary school students, and further studies are recommended for its confirmation of factor structures in independent samples.

Background & Objective: Physicians require to develop some abilities such as self-assessment, critical thinking, self-regulatory learning, and lifelong learning. Reflection is one of the essential educational concepts that make it possible to cultivate and create such abilities in medical students and health professionals. The aim of this study was translation and psychometric evaluation of Kember reflective thinking questionnaire in Iranian physicians. Materials & Methods: First, the Kember reflective thinking questionnaire was translated according to backward-forward translation procedure. Then, face validity was evaluated by examining the opinion of experts. Next, content validity was assessed by calculating content validity index and content validity ratio. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis was studied among 280 specialist and general physicians. Then, reliability was examined by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient and investigating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.849 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.714. Content validity index was 0.849 and content validity ratio was 0.825. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a four-factors model including habitual action, understanding, reflection and critical reflection in the Iranian medical community. Conclusion: The Persian version of Kember reflective thinking questionnaire with four factors has the desired reliability and validity in the Iranian medical community. Due to the appropriate psychometric properties, and ease of implementation, it can be used to evaluate the level of reflection of doctors.