Формирование системы безопасности персонала строительных фирм с использованием математического моделирования рисков

Introduction. The Russian aluminum industry is one of the world’s leading producers of aluminum. At the same time, the features of aluminum production technology contribute to the formation of unfavorable working conditions and increased risk to the health of workers. In this regard, an urgent but insufficiently studied issue in the production of aluminum is the assessment of occupational risks that establish the likelihood of health disorders in workers. Material and methods. The basis of the assessment of occupational risks was the existing regulatory documents (Guidelines) issued by the Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Russian Consumer Health and Epidemiology. Existing methodical recommendations and medical technologies were used to calculate occupational risks and allowable working time (experience) under the chemical factor. The values of the annual volume of the air inhaled by the individual of the production environment and the average annual concentrations of toxicants, determined in the air of the working zone of the employees of the main occupational groups, were used. Occupational risk calculations were carried out over a period of 25 years. The total risk assessment for individual occupational groups was conducted under the probability (risk) rule calculated for individual chemicals. Results. Studies have found the average annual concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area over the past 5 years to be significantly lower when using the upgraded electrolysis technology (UET) compared to the traditional technology of self-burning anodes (SBA). The exception was hydrofluoride, whose concentrations did not depend on the technologies used, exceeding the MPC by 1.7 - 3.0 times. The total health risk for employees of the main occupations over a period of 25 years was in the range of 7.2 to 22.1% when using SBA, which is almost 2 times higher than when using UET (from 3.7 to 11.6 %). The highest levels of risk were observed in the group of workers using SBA and operators of electrolysis baths with UET, and the lowest - in the crane operators using both technologies. Conclusion. The use of indices of occupational risk and acceptable working hours under the influence of adverse production factors allows identifying a contingent of employees with an increased level of exposure to occupational hazards. Based on the obtained data, it is possible to predict the levels of occupational morbidity and evaluate the effectiveness of measures to improve working conditions, which plays an important role in managing occupational risk.

Objective: Three occupational health risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risk of noise exposed posts in an automobile manufacturing enterprise. According to the results, the selection of risk assessment methods and risk management of such occupational noise enterprises were provided. Methods: Form April to November 2021, The occupational health field survey was carried out in an automobile manufacturing industry in Tianjin. The occupational health MES risk assessment method, occupational health risk index risk assessment method and Australian occupational hazard risk assessment method were used to evaluate the occupational health risk of noise-exposed posts in this enterprise, and the evaluation results of different methods were analyzed and compared. Results: The average value of L(Aeq, 8 h) in the four workshops of automobile manufacturing industry was 82.95 dB (A) , and the noise detection exceeding rate was 22.41% (26/116) . The LAeq, 8h and exceeding rate noise of welding workshop were higher than those of other workshops (χ(2)=23.56, 32.94, P<0.01) . The three occupational health risk assessment methods have the same risk assessment results for the four major workshops. The assembly and painting workshops are level 4 risk (possible risk) , and the stamping and welding workshops are level 3 risk (significant risk) . Conclusion: Occupational noise has certain potential hazards to workers in automobile manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, in the future work, corresponding organizational management measures should be taken to improve the working environment and reduce the actual exposure level of workers in order to protect the health of occupational workers.

The effective mitigation of landslide risk requires analytical approaches. In qualitative risk assessment, the components of risk, which are hazard, elements at risk and vulnerability, are expressed verbally and the final result is in terms of ranked or verbal risk levels (IUGS 1997). Qualitative risk assessment is subjective in nature. Quantitative risk assessment involves quantification of risk components and computation of risk. The purpose of quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is to calculate a value for the risk to enable improved risk communication and decision-making (Lee & Jones 2004). For landslides, the use of quantitative risk assessment procedures is recommended. Several frameworks for QRA have been proposed by many experts and organizations (e.g. Varnes 1984, Whitman 1984, Einstein 1988, Fell 1994, Wu et al. 1996, Morgenstern 1997, Fell & Hartford 1997, Einstein 1997, Aleotti & Chowdhury 1999, Ho et al. 2000, Roberds 2001, Dai et al. 2002, Nadim & Lacasse 2003, Lee & Jones 2004, IUGS 1997, AGS 2000, NRC Transportation Research Board 1996, GEO 1998). The QRA frameworks have common intention to find answers to the following questions (Ho et al. 2000, Lee & Jones 2004):1 What are the probable dangers/problems? [Danger Identification]2 What would be the magnitude of dangers/problems? [Hazard Assessment]3 What are the possible consequences and/or elements at risk? [Consequence/Elements at Risk Identification]4 What might be the degree of damage in elements at risk [Vulnerability Assessment]5 What is the probability of damage? [Risk Quantification/Estimation]6 What is the significance of estimated risk? [Risk Evaluation]7 What should be done? [Risk Management]Depending on the characteristics of a landslide, available data, scale of investigation and nature of consequences, the QRA frameworks may differ. Hazard assessment for a specific slope usually involves probabilistic analysis of the given slope, while hazard assessment for a region generally requires the computation of frequency of the landslides in the region. The probabilistic models used for a specific slope depend on the failure mechanism (flows, falls or slides) and slope material (soil or rock). Furthermore, the characteristics of a landslide and scale of investigation influence the consequence/elements at risk, vulnerability, risk quantification/assessment, risk evaluation and risk management. Two important aspects of QRA for landslides are the lack of wellestablished acceptable risk criteria and methods forABSTRACT: Two important aspects of quantitative landslide risk assessment, vulnerability and acceptable risk, are studied as part of a new Integrated Risk Assessment Framework (IRAF). IRAF consists of four steps: data collection, hazard assessment, vulnerability assessment, and risk assessment. Data collection involves obtaining the appropriate data for the hazard, vulnerability and risk assessments. The hazard component integrates the numerical and probabilistic analyses to exploit the added knowledge from the two approaches. A new 3-dimensional framework for quantification of vulnerability is proposed. The fourth component of IRAF is risk assessment, with the computation and evaluation of the risk based on some acceptability criteria. IRAF is implemented for rock slopes. To define an acceptability criterion, published data were collected. Various terminology relating to acceptable risk used in the literature, such as acceptable vs. tolerable, specific vs. total, voluntary vs. involuntary and individual vs. societal, are discussed.

This study proposes a methodical apparatus for risk assessment when making decisions on combating illegal migration at the state border of Ukraine. This apparatus includes a risk assessment methodology, a set of risk assessment indicators and criteria for combating illegal migration, a model of illegal migration risk assessment and a model for choosing the processing method. The goal that was set during the methodology development involves the following main stages: forming a set of indicators and criteria for risk assessment, assessment of the threat impact level (assessment of the threat probability level and the level of the threat’s negative consequences), vulnerability assessment, determining the risk level and the processing method. An expert survey of analysts from the Ukrainian Border Guard Agency was carried out to develop this set of risk assessment indicators and criteria. The proposed set includes new indicators, mathematical assessment models, quantitative values of assessment criteria and considers the influence weight of the main factors on the threat and vulnerability levels. This provides an opportunity to bring the qualitative characteristics of the risk level indicator to the provisions of modern risk management theory to obtain the quantitative value of the risk level, to exclude a subjective factor in assessment and to determine the risk level more accurately. The improved methodical apparatus allows developing of an action strategy aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of risk when making management decisions to combat illegal migration to assess a risk management result using an economic effect indicator.

Objective To apply GBZ/T298-2017 Guidelines for occupational health risk assessment of chemicals in the to conduct an occupational health risk assessment of 2-butoxyethanol exposure in a printing enterprise, in order to protect the laborers' health. Methods Conducted a worksite survey of occupational health include data collection, site investigation, determination 2-butoxyethanol in workplace air and raw and auxiliary material, determination 2-butoxyacetic acid in urine after shift from May 17 to 24, 2017, using the above results, conducting 2-butoxyethanol occupational health risk assessment. Results Concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol in the workplace air ranged from 1.2-30.8 mg/m3. Concentrations of 2-butoxyaceticacid in urine ranged from 35.5 mg/L to 563.3 mg/L. The printing shop with the highest concentration of air in the workplace in the enterprise was a medium risk for 2-butoxyethanol occupational health risks, and the binding workshop printer was a low risk for 2-butoxyethanol occupational health risks. The occupational health risk of 2-butoxyethanol in the print shop was medium. Conclusion Occupational health risks of 2-butoxyethanol for companies is medium, which should be included in the evaluation of routine occupational hazards and provide more targeted recommendations based on the action levels. Key words: 2-butoxyethanol; Monitoring; Risk assessment

BackgroundOccupational hazards such as solvents and noise in the electronics industry are serious. Although various occupational health risk assessment models have been applied in the electronics industry, they have only been used to assess the risks of individual job positions. Few existing studies have focused on the total risk level of critical risk factors in enterprises.MethodsTen electronics enterprises were selected for this study. Information, air samples and physical factor measurements were collected from the selected enterprises through on-site investigation, and then the data were collated and samples were tested according to the requirements of Chinese standards. The Occupational Health Risk Classification and Assessment Model (referred to as the Classification Model), the Occupational Health Risk Grading and Assessment Model (referred to as the Grading Model), and the Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation Model were used to assess the risks of the enterprises. The correlations and differences between the three models were analyzed, and the results of the models were validated by the average risk level of all of the hazard factors.ResultsHazards with concentrations exceeding the Chinese occupational exposure limits (OELs) were methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, and noise. The exposure time of workers ranged from 1 to 11 h per day and the frequency of exposure ranged from 5 to 6 times per week. The risk ratios (RRs) of the Classification Model, the Grading Model and the Occupational Disease Hazard Evaluation Model were 0.70 ± 0.10, 0.34 ± 0.13, and 0.65 ± 0.21, respectively. The RRs for the three risk assessment models were statistically different (P < 0.001), and there were no correlations between them (P > 0.05). The average risk level of all of the hazard factors was 0.38 ± 0.18, which did not differ from the RRs of the Grading Model (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe hazards of organic solvents and noise in the electronics industry are not negligible. The Grading Model offers a good reflection of the actual risk level of the electronics industry and has strong practicability.

At the Department of Life Safety of the South Ural State University, a methodology for assessing occupational risk was developed, which uses an integral assessment of the working conditions based on the standard for lost working time from morbidity with temporary disability. Occupational risk assessment according to the proposed method considers the impact of all dangerous and harmful factors on the employees. The assessment has a relatively low labor intensity, and can be carried out in a short time at the enterprises (in the organizations) with any type of economic activity through the specially developed software. According to the developed methodology, an assessment of the occupational risk was carried out in the organization of IDGC of Urals — Chelyabenergo with the coverage of about 5,000 employees. The article presents the results of the conducted calculations and their analysis. Using the formulas given in the article, the indicators can be determined both for one employee and for a group of employees (a structural unit or an organization as a whole). As a result, it was established that, in general, there is a moderate occupational risk in the branch office of IDGC of Urals — Chelyabenergo. This is a good result for a production organization. By analogy, the calculations were carried out for the production departments of the organization and the structural divisions of each department. When calculating on the structural subdivisions, additional information is provided about the employees with increased occupational risk (medium, significant, and high). In the absence of such employees, no information is provided. The article shows a comparative diagram of the occupational risk of the employees of IDGC of Urals — Chelyabenergo, and the employees of its production departments. In the production departments of the organization, there is a low, medium, and moderate risk. There are no production departments with significant and high occupational risk. Recommendations are also given on the possible application of the results of the risk assessment.

Occupational exposure limits have traditionally focused on preventing morbidity and mortality arising from inhalation exposures to individual chemical stressors in the workplace. While central to occupational risk assessment, occupational exposure limits have limited application as a refined disease prevention tool because they do not account for all of the complexities of the work and non-occupational environments and are based on varying health endpoints. To be of greater utility, occupational exposure limits and other risk management tools could integrate broader consideration of risks from multiple exposure pathways and routes (aggregate risk) as well as the combined risk from exposure to both chemical and non-chemical stressors, within and beyond the workplace, including the possibility that such exposures may cause interactions or modify the toxic effects observed (cumulative risk). Although still at a rudimentary stage in many cases, a variety of methods and tools have been developed or are being used in allied risk assessment fields to incorporate such considerations in the risk assessment process. These approaches, which are collectively referred to as cumulative risk assessment, have potential to be adapted or modified for occupational scenarios and provide a tangible path forward for occupational risk assessment. Accounting for complex exposures in the workplace and the broader risks faced by the individual also requires a more complete consideration of the composite effects of occupational and non-occupational risk factors to fully assess and manage worker health problems. Barriers to integrating these different factors remain, but new and ongoing community-based and worker health-related initiatives may provide mechanisms for identifying and integrating risk from aggregate exposures and cumulative risks from all relevant sources, be they occupational or non-occupational.

Comparative occupational risk assessment to support the substitution of Substances of Very High Concern: Alternatives assessment for diarsenic trioxide in Murano artistic glass production

The practice of industrial hygiene and toxicology both involve recognition, as well as anticipation of the potential for occupational health problems. In the anticipation and/or recognition phase, an assessment of the risk to health or well‐being resulting from exposure to an agent (chemical, physical, or biological) is made. This phase usually involves identifying the agents to which workers are or might be exposed; assessing the agents' properties, including toxicity; and understanding the conditions surrounding the use of, or interaction with, the agents. This information allows occupational health and safety professionals to make a preliminary assessment of occupational health risk based on the inherent properties of chemical, physical, or biological agents combined with the potential for contact or exposure under actual use conditions, including environmental level and in‐use exposure control measures. The two basic applications of the anticipation/recognition process can be classified as either individual or aggregate. The individual process is used by occupational health and safety practitioners who apply anticipation and recognition techniques to the exposure and conditions of exposure prevalent in a single facility or group of facilities under his or her professional jurisdiction. In that process, the individual professional needs an understanding of the toxic properties of those agents associated with these specific workplaces or processes and an understanding of the conditions of exposure existing in those situations. The data necessary for the individual process have been available to the practitioner for quite some time, either through the scientific literature or through investigation in the workplaces under his or her jurisdiction, with the possible historical exception of accurate information regarding the formulation of trade‐named products. The broader aggregate process of anticipation and recognition is applicable to definable industrial or occupational populations, and is an assessment of the potential risk of these populations for adverse health effects due to occupational exposure to chemical, physical, or biological agents in the workplace. The aggregate approach is common to occupational health and safety researchers, regulatory bodies, and others interested in the extent of exposure to a specific agent or list of agents with known adverse health effects. For example, in the initial stages of an epidemiologic study, researchers might wish to identify populations of workers who are exposed to a specific agent or group of agents. Government agencies need a measure of the potential impact of research or regulatory efforts based on the number of industries and workers impacted when they decide on the priorities to assign to research or regulatory efforts or the development of occupational health standards. This type of data was not available until after the implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, and required several efforts by the federal government. This aggregate approach to the identification of worker populations at risk due to their occupational exposures to specific individual or grouped chemical agents also serves the general occupational health community by profiling the industries in which exposure may occur, thereby permitting an assessment of the relative potential for specific adverse health effects in selected industries. This type of broad overview is not normally available to the individual occupational health practitioner, and has the potential for improving the practitioner's initial assessment of occupational risk in his or her area of responsibility.

The levels of trace metals (Pb, Cu, Ni and Cd) were determined in soils from a major automobile repair workshop located in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This was carried out to evaluate the potential occupational risk to operators working in and around the site. The mean of trace metal levels were: lead (14.52 mg/kg); copper (0.50 mg/kg); nickel (0.17 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.67 mg/kg). These values were within the acceptable levels for unpolluted soils according to the Dutch standard. The trace metal levels were subjected to risk assessment model to estimate toxic risks due to occupational exposures by incidental oral ingestion of soil particles. The results obtained revealed higher risk quotients for exposed workers at the main automobile workshop area than those occupants farther away. Amongst the metals studied, lead was predicted to pose higher health risk although the hazard quotients for all trace metals were less than one. This indicates that there is little or no significant occupational health risk associated with the presence of these levels of trace metals in the soils. The physicochemical measurements gave the following mean values: pH 6.01; total organic carbon 4.05 %, while the mean particle size distributions were: sand 95.15%; clay 0.7% and silt 4.25%.&nbsp; The pH value of the soil under study showed slight acidity which implies that the trace metals are less likely to be solubilized. The elements are also capable of binding to the organics present in the soil; while the high sand content of the soil implies that the trace elements can be easily leached, thus being more bioavailable for uptake by plants. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp; Trace metals, occupational risk assessment, automobile shop, soils, physicochemical parameters.

The development and implementation of an observational video-based risk assessment is described. Occupational risk assessment is one of the most important yet also challenging tasks for employers. Most assessment tools to date use questionnaires, expert interviews, and similar tools. Video analysis is a promising tool for risk assessment, but it needs an objective basis. A video of a plastering worker was recorded using a 360° camera. The recording was then analyzed using the developed observational matrix concerning Work Characteristics, Work Activities as well as potential risks. Risk factors present during the video of the work included lifting, fall from ladder, hazardous substances as well as occasionally bad posture. The worker had no or just one risk factor present during most of the time of the video recording, while only 16 s with more than one risk factor present according to the observational matrix. The paper presents a promising practical method to assess occupational risks on a case-by-case basis. It can help with the risk assessment process in companies which is required by law in some industrialized countries. The matrix in combination with video analysis is a first step toward digital observational risk assessment. It can also be the basis of an automated risk assessment process.

As a critical activity in occupational risk management, the occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHSRA) aims at assessing occupational hazards in the workplace and prioritizing them to ensure employees’ safety and reduce occupational risk to an acceptable level. In this paper, we develop a new integrated OHSRA model for the risk evaluation and prioritization of occupational hazards based on probabilistic linguistic information and social network consensus analysis. The probabilistic linguistic term sets are applied to handle the hesitant risk evaluations of occupational hazards provided by experts. A combinative distance-based assessment technique is introduced for determining the risk priority of the identified occupational hazards. Additionally, the social network consensus analysis with minimum adjustment distance is used to help individual experts reach consensus. Finally, a healthcare case study is implemented for illustrating the developed OHSRA model and its effectiveness is validated with a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis.

Optimizing the work accident and/or occupational disease prevention activity has as its starting point the assessment of occupational injury and disease risks. The notion of risk is defined in specialized literature by the probability with which an accident or an occupational illness occurs in a work process with a certain frequency and severity of consequences. The purpose of assessing the level of risk is to offer the possibility of knowing the real situation at each workplace, from the point of view of work security, in order to take the most suitable preventive measures for the given situation. The basis of the risk assessment principle consists in taking into account two parameters: the frequency of accidents and the severity of the maximum foreseeable consequence (principles also included in European standards)

Occupational health and safety is a critical multidisciplinary and multifaceted component of the oil and gas industry. Evaluation of job-specific occupational health and assessment of the risks associated with each job profile are conducted across the globe. Nevertheless, healthcare providers have adopted a highly synchronized system for the classification of occupational health hazards with reference to the Oil and Gas UK's (OGUK) Medical Aspects of Fitness for Offshore Work: Guidance for Examining Physicians which aids international consensus in occupational health identification and risk assessment modules. Human wellness is commonly perceived as an optimal state of well-being wherein the physical, mental, social, and emotional dimensions of the human persona are in harmony. Health performance indicators are used to determine an employee's health and wellness quotient. Such indicators are productivity tools in conveniently designed systems offering a broad spectrum of services; using modern technology, equipment, and expertise in the field of industrial medicine; and helping provide preventive health care. Certain lifestyle-disorder symptoms can be dealt with in an evidence-based scientific program by using physical activity, intervention, and lifestyle modification. Quantitative and qualitative risk assessment and health performance indicators of various occupational health hazards assist in the following: Identifying and evaluating based on the occupational health hazard and risk matrix.Prehiring selection of candidates who are physically fit for specific jobs based on individual evaluation criteria.Identifying high-risk candidates who could be more susceptible or liable to occupational injuries for a particular job offered.Assisting companies in reducing Lost Time Injury (LTI) rates.Lowering employee healthcare costs and other hidden costs of unwell employees.Reducing the cost of hiring and training new personnel as a result of reduced sickness absenteeism and employee turnover.Improving workplace morale.Screening individuals using these health performance tools to help identify potentially unwell prospects.Conducting industry-specific screening checks for specific occupational diseases.Reducing the number of work-related and non-work-related cases.Reducing sickness absenteeism by: ∘Identifying common hazards and reducing or eliminating them.∘Monitoring absences and identifying any common trends, with occupational health specialists assisting by suggesting interventions to address trends.∘Conducting workplace surveys to identify sources of ill health and identifying and implementing measures to reduce these sources.∘Educating employees about healthier lifestyle choices and supporting employees in making changes to a healthier approach.Focusing on the health of employees and designing interventions to improve health to reduce absence levels, which has the following benefits: ∘Reduced costs to the organization.∘Less disruption as the result of employee absenteeism.∘Greater engagement and motivation of employees because they feel valued by the employer.Lowering healthcare costs and mitigating financial liability.Facilitating quick and safe return to work.Supporting a positive company culture that promotes wellness, fitness, and team building. An oilfield services company has evaluated and implemented a qualitative and quantitative process of ranking individuals during prehiring and for periodic evaluation based on significant criteria specific to a job. This ranking allows the company to select and employ individuals that best fit its stewardship goals and provides scientifically sound tools for better research and selection.