پیامدهای فاصله در روابط زوجین و استراتژی های مواجهه با آن

The main purpose of this paper are the conditions of use and discourse functions of nominal forms of address (NFA) in dialogical interactions. The corpus includes Cervantes’s six Entremeses and two Novelas Ejemplares. In the first part, we analyse the sociopragmatic conditions for NFA selection. We highlight the relevance of adding a third variable, status, to the classic ones: power and distance, in order to adequately explain the selection of forms in both asymmetric or hierarchical relationships and symmetric ones in different social groups. This variable is associated to the acknowledgement of social identity and position, which lies at the foundation of social rganization of European modern societies. It also advocates for the convenience of including discursive factors such as genre constraints and interaction dynamical development. In the second part, we analyse the functioning of NFA at two discourse levels: conversational organization and turn management and rapport management and linguistic politeness.

This Afterword to the Current Sociology Monograph on ‘The Value Turn in Childhood Sociology’ reflects on how this issue adds fundamental insights to our understanding not only of children’s social positions, the roles they play and their life experiences from the perspectives of various stakeholders in a variety of Southern societies, but also of the heterogeneous, hybrid and complex trajectories of modernization in these societies. The articles contribute to existing scholarship in at least three ways. First, they illustrate the productivity of the value turn in childhood sociology by linking children’s social roles, experiences and positions in society with multi-level social mechanisms (inclusive of family, educational institutions, social groups and organizations, and the state) in culturally and socially contextualized analyses. Second, the value turn proposed in this monograph attempts a critical intervention to de-center the previous Western-centric knowledge production in childhood sociology. The articles have contributed towards this objective by foregrounding Southern empirical realities and spearheading grounded theorization based on Southern experiences. Finally, the articles showcase a plethora of research methods and techniques in a variety of research paradigms, including critical discourse analysis, in-depth interviews, ethnographic research, historical analysis and mixed-methods research, which yield rich, profound and nuanced findings about the valuation of children in different contexts. I conclude this closing article by deliberating on future directions for the research agenda on the value of children in sociology.

Introduction:Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women.This complication can negatively affect the physical health, psychological health, and marital relationship of women with their husbands, leading to serious problems.The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused couples therapy (CFCT) on marital conflicts and emotional intimacy in couples with a spouse suffering from breast cancer.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest/posttest design and follow-up, with a control group.The statistical population consisted of all women with breast cancer in Tabriz and their spouses who had been referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, during five months from May to the end of September 2024.In total, 16 couples were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups.The intervention group received eight 1.5-hour CFCT sessions (two months, one session per week), according to the treatment plan of Kazemi et al.On the other hand, the control group did not receive any treatment.Both groups responded to the 54-item revised Marital Conflict Questionnaire of Bustanipour and Sanaei Zakir (2016) and the 36-item Intimacy in Relationships Questionnaire of Schaefer and Olson (1981) before, after, and at a 4-month follow-up.Findings were analyzed through repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS software (version 24).Results: At the pretest, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of marital conflicts and emotional intimacy (P>0.05).According to the results, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in marital conflicts (mean difference = -8.25)and a significant increase in emotional intimacy (mean difference = +8.50)(P < 0.001) after implementing CFCT.At the 4-month follow-up phase, the effect of CFCT on marital conflicts and emotional intimacy of couples was permanent (P<0.001). Conclusion:Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that CFCT can reduce marital conflicts and increase emotional intimacy among couples with a spouse suffering from breast cancer.These results support the integration of CFCT into psychooncology care programs to enhance relational resilience and overall family well-being during the cancer treatment process.

Background: Domestic violence, including child abuse, spousal abuse, elder abuse, and parent abuse, is a common issue in the modern world. Parent abuse is one of the phenomena that has been the focus of attention in recent decades due to its negative effects on the family system. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the predictors of parent abuse in boy students. Methods: This present study was a correlational study. The statistical population was all second-grade boy high school students and their mothers in Kuhdasht-Iran in 2020. In this regard, 380 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Instruments were the parent abuse scale (boy version), child exposure to domestic violence (CEDV), parent marital conflict, parenting style inventory (PSI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Samani Family Cohesion Questionnaire. The students and their mothers completed the instruments. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and regression. Results: The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between domestic violence, marital conflict, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles with parent abuse, and there was a significant negative relationship between family coherence, authoritative parenting style, and students' self-esteem with parent abuse. The results from stepwise regression showed that domestic violence, authoritative and permissive parenting styles, and self-esteem were the strongest predictors of parent abuse. Conclusions: According to our findings, the negative interactions and the children’s exposure to violence within the family are basic triggers for the occurrence of mother abuse.

Using the SCL-90, a self-administered symptom inventory, the authors evaluated 48 sexually asymptomatic male and female partners (invested partners) of sexually dysfunctional men and women. They found that the male invested partners showed significantly more psychological symptoms than the female invested partners but about the same symptom distress levels as sexually dysfunctional men. The authors hypothesize that the reason for this gender-specific difference in distress levels of invested partners is society's definition of the male's role as the responsibe partner regarding satisfaction in sexual relationships.

The pandemic that occurred in Indonesia in general to the eastern part of Indonesia had devastated the children's future. Schools were closed; children will study from home with limited facilities. The availability of learning devices at home, including laptops, computers, cellphones, and internet quotas, are daily food for every student studying during the pandemic. Parents and families also experience pressure due to changes in children's learning patterns at home during the pandemic. Parents are required to assist when the child goes through the learning process at school until completing the teacher's assignments. As a result, the parents experience pressure due to the school's large number of tasks. The study aimed to determine parents' role in children's learning process at home during the pandemic period by taking samples from several regions in eastern Indonesia. The method used was a case study to reveal the situation of the object being analyzed. Subjects in the study were 75 parents who had elementary school-age children. 25 people were from North Maluku, 25 people were from Maluku and 25 people were from West Papua in February - April 2020 through telephone interview techniques and online questionnaire filling and analysis. The data used thematic data, analysis techniques that emphasize coding by referring to predetermined research questions. Secondary data get from documents, books, research results in the form of reports. Result of study show that implementation of education is the responsibility of parents. Family education is an option that students must undertake when a pandemic hits the country. Family education is an education in family life called the immediate environment or the first environment. Family is the first social group and plays a vital role in children's education. Family is the first and foremost place for children. Children spend more time with family than others. Parents and teachers' roles in the three provinces show that students' and teachers' teaching and learning processes during the pandemic period in Maluku were better than those taken from North Maluku and West Papua. This condition is affected by the ability to master information technology, the use of applications that make it more accessible and useful communication that can ensure optimal interaction between teachers, students, and parents because the process of interaction between parents and children is much more intense and open in Maluku by involving parents in school education during a pandemic.

This study examined forms, risk factors and health hazards of domestic violence among married secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Four research questions and four hypothesis guided the study. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 2600 married teachers (male and female) in all secondary schools owned by Anambra State. The sample consisted of 1080 married teachers in secondary schools in Anambra State. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled Domestic Violence Questionnaire (DVQ). The DVQ was validated by experts in measurement and evaluation as health education. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was 0.947. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions. T-test and ANOVA were used to test null hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The findings revealed among others that forms of domestic violence such as physical injuries, depression, abortion and others exist among married secondary school teachers in Anambra State. Risk factors of domestic violence such as low self-esteem, economic stress, unhealthy family relationship, distrust, sexual dissatisfaction and others exist among married teachers in secondary schools in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that, health educators should provide a platform to educate married teachers in various secondary schools on the need to avoid domestic violence so as to have a peaceful environment at home. Married teachers should endeavour to learn and understand each other as this will enable them avoid any form of violence at home. Keywords: Domestic violence, risk factors, health hazards, married secondary school teachers, Anambra State.

This paper aims to examine government policies related to marriage guidance in order to establish family resilience with an Islamic legal philosophy approach. This study used a philosophical approach to Islamic law. The data were collected through literature studies and in-depth interviews. The results of the study indicate that government policy has created a marriage guidance program to increase family resilience. The implementation of marriage guidance in Aceh still faces obstacles from the formulation of the implementation model, the preparation of operational standards, methods, techniques, materials, and time allocation, as well as synergies with other related agencies. Marriage guidance is not an absolute requirement for marriage. Both the provincial Ministry of Religion and the City Regency Ministry of Religion do not periodically evaluate the marriage guidance program. The budget from the government is still minimal, and the need for cooperation between institutions causes the implementation of marriage guidance not to run optimally. However, marriage guidance from the perspective of Islamic legal philosophy aims for the benefit of prospective husband and wife, their families and communities, and even the state, therefore, this program is quite essential. Moreover, it is associated with family resilience, meaning that marriage guidance will strongly influence family resilience.

This study replicates Coleman and Straus’s 1990 U.S. research, analyzing the relationships between marital power, conflict, norm consensus, and domestic violence in a national random sample of the population of South Korea. There were about 1,500 participants. Using the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure domestic violence between husbands and wives, the study found that, as in the United States, all three variables are correlated with domestic violence. Marital power and conflict in particular were strongly correlated with violence. Because a male dominant marital power structure was highly correlated with husband-to-wife violence, the study concludes that all possible efforts must be made to encourage and induce the formation of egalitarian marital organization, which is negatively correlated with violence.

This study examines the role of the church in addressing Domestic Violence (DV) behavior from a theological perspective. DV encompasses physical, sexual, psychological abuse, and neglect within the household, which often occurs in Christian families where women frequently become victims. Although DV cases continue to increase, the church’s role in addressing this issue remains limited. This study employs a literature review method to analyze Biblical perspectives and various research findings on the church’s role in addressing DV. The findings indicate that DV constitutes a violation of human rights and individual dignity, contrary to Christian teachings on love, respect, and responsibility. The church plays a crucial role in providing moral support and counseling for families facing DV. The church can take proactive steps through premarital counseling, marriage counseling, and family recovery seminars to prevent and address DV within the Christian community, underscoring the importance of protection for victims and church support in the recovery process for families affected by DV.

Although the assessment and treatment of marital and family disorders from a psychological perspective have been conducted in one form or another for the past 40 years, the progression toward a view of these disorders as involving both intrapersonal as well interpersonal and broader systemic factors has been an arduous and uneven one. Early theoretical views of marital dysfunction in the 1940s were primarily intrapersonal in nature, with relationship distress seen as the culmination of unresolved conflicts; intrapersonal dysfunction was viewed as both a necessary and sufficient source of interpersonal distress. The promulgation of family systems views in the 1950s and 1960s reflected at least in part a rejection of narrow psychodynamic formulations and drew attention both to socioecological factors in individuals' personal and relationship functioning and to nonlinear, reciprocal patterns of influence. Although systemic formulations were intuitively appealing on a conceptual level, they presented difficulty in generating specific, operationalized predictions. Consequently, a strong impetus existed for the development of marital and family treatment programs from a behavioral or social-learning perspective in the late 1960s and 1970s. Unfortunately, although they offered both theory driven and testable predictions regarding relationship functioning, early sociallearning models suffered from a naive exclusion of intrapersonal or cognitive mediators of interpersonal exchange. The rapprochement of intrapersonal and interpersonal models has been confined primarily to the last decade, drawing heavily on research from other subdisciplines within psychology on attention, attribution, expectancies, and subjective values. Despite the absence of a dominant, coherent theoretical model, both clinical practice and research in marital and family therapy have demonstrated exponential growth in the last two decades, as reflected by an increase in scholarly journals devoted to this area, by both the number and size of professional associations representing marital and family practitioners and researchers, and (as recently as 1985) by the designation of family psychology as a separate division within the American Psychological Association. To what should such growth be attributed? Traditionally, explanations have emphasized the high incidence of marital dissolution or the prevalence of marital and other family concerns in those individuals who seek mental health services. More recently, attention has turned to the role of marital and family dynamics not only in psychological difficulties in children or domestic violence but also in such individual disorders as depression, schizophrenia, and substance abuse. The series begins with three articles examining the role of marital and family dysfunction in more traditional psychiatric disorders. Jacobson, Holtzworth-Munroe, and Schmaling review both theoretical models and empirical data relating marital therapy to the treatment of depression, agoraphobia, and alcoholism. Hahlweg et al. examine previous research on expressed emotion in families of psychiatric patients and on relapse following hospitalization to present data relating interactional patterns in the families of schizophrenics to expressed emotion in patients' relatives; both base-rate and sequential analyses demonstrate strong effects of negative interactions and suggest the potential utility of family interaction patterns as indicators of relapse proneness. Alexander, Waldron, Barton, and Mas examine the effects of relabeling and of positive versus negative interactions in altering attributions in families of delinquent adolescents; their results suggest that initial, negative exchanges in these highly conflicted families may generate negative artributional schemata highly resistant to clinical intervention. Kazak extends the conceptual framework beyond emotional or behavioral disorders in arguing for the importance of a systems and social-ecological perspective in serving families of chronically ill children. Three articles examine considerations in marital therapy from both conceptual and empirical perspectives. Baucom, Epstein, Sayers, and Sher discuss the role of cognitions in marital This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

Conflict exists everywhere. People experience conflicts in their jobs, families, schools and even in the church. Conflict can neither be avoided nor ignored. Conflict that is not managed correctly diminishes happiness and has the potential to destroy people, it leaves them broken and burnt out. Marital conflict is a part of everyday life and how couples handle conflict in their relationship affects the strength and type of relationship a couple may have. Conflict may have the power to destroy or build a marriage. The study on marital conflict management among couples in Ainamoi Division was conducted through randomly interviewing forty married individuals in Ainamoi Division of Kericho County. The researchers employed a descriptive approach to analyse the data which was displayed through tables, charts, and graphs. The research has shown the following factors causing conflict in marriage in their order of priority: communication problems, financial management conflicts, issues surrounding children, in-laws, sexual issues, and finally, behaviour problems. Therefore, there is a need to counsel and teach married couples skills such as communication, financial management and relational skills in order for them to know how to manage marital conflict. This study concludes that marital counselling is in dire need in the society, and so counsellors, pastors and church leaders should come out and make awareness of it in the society

Seeing domestic violence and abuse through a psychological lens can entail considering violence as a trauma and being concerned with its potential effect on mental health. As a traumatic event, domestic violence can be described as severe. It commonly persists over time, contains multiple types of violence, and takes place within a significant relationship, which may limit the possibility to escape and involve betrayal. Mental health consequences of domestic violence can be severe and complex, sometimes including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or substance abuse disorders. For children, an additional problem is that domestic violence may interfere with their development and attachment. Cross-cultural research may elucidate the role of culture in domestic violence prevalence, mental health risk and coping. Not all survivors struggle with symptoms of mental health problems, and certain risk and protective factors may increase or decrease the risk. One potent risk factor for mental health problems is shame. As a social emotion, shame relates to negative beliefs and assumptions about violence and victims held by their social surroundings. Shame is thus not only a characteristic of the individual victim, but also of her/his social group, and society at large. The severity of potential mental health problems after experiences with violence means that many survivors may need psychological treatment. Various trauma-treatment models are effective in reducing symptoms. However, treatment is not available for all. New innovations, including online modules, show promise in making treatment more available for victims.

Introduction: Infertility is not only a gynecological illness but also a bio-psycho-social health problem including a lower Quality of Life (QOL), psychiatric problems, marital conflicts and sexual dissatisfaction. Women in India are facing the burden of infertility treatment because of cultural and social stress, lack of knowledge and which can lead to other mental health problems. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the psychological status including the anxiety and depression, level of social support by family spouse and peer, and to assess the level of health system support by doctors, nurses and any health care provider to the women who are diagnosed with primary infertility. Methodology: Quantitative (non-experimental) approach was used. The data was collected from select 80 women who were undergoing infertility treatment at National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi. A standardized scale (BAI and BDI) was used to assess the psychological status and structured questionnaire to assess the social support and health system support among the women in view of getting infertility treatment support for data collection and later data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result: The findings revealed that 28.75% were normal and 28.75% had moderate level and10% had severe level of depression, 93.75% had low level of anxiety, 5% had moderate level of anxiety and 1.25% had extreme level of anxiety, the 80% were getting average, 11.25% getting poor and 8.75% were getting good social support. 96.25% women were getting good support, 1.25% were getting average support and 2.5% were getting poor support from the health system. Conclusion: The study concluded that women who are undergoing infertility treatment had faced moderate mood disturbances as well less support from the family and spouse in their life. Further research must be undertaken to investigate better management for psychological and emotional support techniques to surpass their problem and you are valuable with or without a baby.

Marriage and family are central aspects of life for women in Sri Lanka. The failure to marry or the absence of a family is considered a ‘lack’ in a woman’s life. As a result, we have come to notice how women put up with domestic violence and protect the perpetrator as he is her ‘husband’. Although legal statutes to deal with domestic violence exist, in practice they have limited effect. In attempting to understand the life of women after marriage in rural Sri Lanka, I engaged in an ethnographic study. In the course of the study, I have explored the suffering women undergo and the avenues that they take to resolve the suffering caused by marital conflict. Sorcery is a key tool they use to alleviate their suffering. In this article, using a case study of a marital dispute that spanned a period of fourteen-months in a rural Sinhala village in Sri Lanka, I highlight how women build their capacity to cope with marital conflict and alleviate suffering.