Беспилотная техника для целей лесного комплекса и мониторинга состояния водных объектов

With the development of technologies related to unmanned vehicles, including unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned surface vehicle, unmanned vehicles play a pivotal role in maritime management and cruise activities. Meanwhile, lots of evidence shows that a single unmanned vehicle is not qualified for operation under complex environment, whereas the unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle formation consists of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned surface vehicles, which can enhance the performance of the single unmanned vehicle significantly. However, the cooperative operation performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle formation is constrained by its communication capacity. Consequently, a cooperative communication framework is designed for the unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle formation. A distributed dynamic network topology is constructed for fulfilling effective communication for the unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle formation based on ad hoc network. Experiments are carried out by employing the built unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle formation platform. Results verify the superiority of the designed cooperative communication framework for the unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle formation.

The use of unmanned vehicles - both civilian and military - is clearly a technological trend today. It is reasonable to assume that this trend will continue in the future. Especially in the military field, an unmanned vehicle can be considered a benefit, especially in applications where the use of "standard" equipment is difficult or impossible. This is especially true of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The flight itself represents a number of different types of stress affecting the design of the unmanned aircraft. Therefore, the design of such a device must be subjected in the first step to a computational strength analysis and subsequently to a real stress test. Our paper deals with the strength analysis of the most exposed structural element - the wing connector. Proper sizing of the wing connector is therefore crucial for the successful operation of the UAV.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the construction industry is swiftly growing worldwide. UAVs are changing the way construction companies do business. Contractors are increasingly using camera-mounted UAVs to monitor the full range of activities. Rapid advances in camera, sensing, aeronautics, battery and autopilot navigation technologies have helped make UAVs affordable, reliable and easy to operate. The US Federal Aviation Administration predicts that UAVs hold tremendous promise and commercial drone sales could increase from 600,000 to 2.7 million over the next four years. On the one hand, UAVs are extremely cost-effective in conducting aerial surveys, worksite surveillance, real-time inspections, and monitoring jobsite safety. On the other hand, with UAV ownership rapidly rising, the number of reported UAV safety, risk, and liability incidents is increasing. With this new technology use in the construction industry, construction companies must be aware of all regulations, legislations, privacy liability, and risks for construction related businesses. Operating a drone or hiring a subcontractor to operate it is not something to do on the spur of the moment. Emphasis and effort should be placed on safety, risk control, training and education. The goal of this paper is to provide construction professionals with timely and pertinent information on UAV use with a focus on risk management based on current industry practice, experience and literature review.

Designing and building of the unmanned aircraft, especially light and ultra light vehicles, is mainly performed using the experience gained when constructing the flying models. There have not been uniform principles of building and exploiting of the mini and micro UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in the form of regulations similar to those for manned airplanes. The unmanned vehicles of these classes in terms of their abilities and attractive price are more frequently exploited using the same air area as manned airplanes performing missions over the inhabited areas. An urgent necessity arises to work out the norms of flight suitability of the mini and micro unmanned aerial vehicles. The work contains the analysis of suitability of the current aviation regulations to determine the requirements for the mini unmanned vehicles. The work concentrates on the phenomenon of determining the symmetrical loads from the maneuvers and the turbulence atmosphere. The result of this analysis is the Limit Maneuver Envelope, Limit Gust Envelope and Limit Combined Envelope for mini UAV. The analyzed flight states allowed selecting the so called design cases which can become a basis for determining the norms of loading of mini unmanned aerial vehicles which can constitute the beginning of the regulations for building of the unmanned aerial vehicles of this class.

Operations and maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) are challenging, with manual operators constantly exposed to hazardous environments. Due to the high task complexity associated with the OWT, the transition to unmanned solutions remains stagnant. Efforts toward unmanned operations have been observed using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) but are limited mostly to visual inspections only. Collaboration strategies between unmanned vehicles have introduced several opportunities that would enable unmanned operations for the OWT maintenance and repair activities. There have been many papers and reviews on collaborative UVs. However, most of the past papers reviewed collaborative UVs for surveillance purposes, search and rescue missions, and agricultural activities. This review aims to present the current capabilities of Unmanned Vehicles (UVs) used in OWT for Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair (IMR) operations. Strategies to implement collaborative UVs for complex tasks and their associated challenges are discussed together with the strategies to solve localization and navigation issues, prolong operation time, and establish effective communication within the OWT IMR operations. This paper also briefly discusses the potential failure modes for collaborative approaches and possible redundancy strategies to manage them. The collaborative strategies discussed herein will be of use to researchers and technology providers in identifying significant gaps that have hindered the implementation of full unmanned systems which have significant impacts towards the net zero strategy.

The paper presents the analysis on stability of digital control system for unmanned vehicle with numerical analysis. The objective of this study is mainly emphasized on the fulfillment of the advanced control techniques according to the fundamental concepts of digital control system approaches for unmanned aerial vehicle system design. The targeted unmanned aerial vehicle system was designed based on the simple construction under the idea of fixed wing flight system approaches. The stability analyses on unmanned aerial vehicle are vital role to enhance the real world applications. The background concepts on digital control system for stability analysis on dynamic control system like unmanned aerial vehicle system. The appropriate controller design for dynamic control system of unmanned aerial vehicle is vital role to analyze the accurate stability condition for reality. The implementation of numerical analysis on compensator design has been developed by using MATLAB. The physical parameters in these analyses are based on the experimental outcomes from the recent research works in dynamical system implementations. The mathematical approaches are very helpful for numerical analysis on compensator design for the unmanned aerial vehicles schemes. The simulation results confirm that the high performance stability test on unmanned aerial vehicle system has been met with the theoretical works.

The article deals with issues related to the use of unmanned vehicles as part of transport convoys for military cargo delivery and offers a new way to manage the intelligent transport system when controlling the convoy’s movement. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the use of the proposed method and system for its implementation can improve the efficiency, reliability, pace and stability of transport communication. Key words Method, hierarchical control, manned vehicle, unmanned vehicle, convoy, logistics, automated control system, un-manned aerial vehicle, UAV, repeater.

Over the past few decades, the usage of unmanned vehicles has grown exponentially, expanding into applications such as the automation of industrial processes and automobiles. However, their utility has often been limited by operational concerns. Fully controlled unmanned vehicles require multiple human operators, while their fully autonomous counterparts lack the ability to handle the complex maneuvers necessary in natural disaster relief and/or search and rescue situations. Semi-autonomous UAVs offer a feasible compromise between the two extremes. In this scenario, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sends birds-eye images of the terrain beneath it to a computing cluster, which will identify easily traversable terrain and generate a path of least risk to an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). If the path's risk is below a certain threshold, then the UGV will be permitted to proceed on its own. Otherwise, a human operator will be notified, so that he or she may control the UGV directly until it exits the most dangerous terrain. This paradigm allows a single operator to manage several UAVs simultaneously.

Heterogeneous unmanned ground vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle (UGV-UAV) collaborative systems offer clear advantages for field exploration. However, when tethered unmanned aerial vehicles (TUAVs) are introduced to extend mission capability, a major compatibility gap emerges for small and highly maneuverable UGVs: existing industrial tethered ground stations are generally too heavy and bulky to be carried by such platforms. In addition, on unstructured ground, residual station tilt can significantly complicate UAV launch and recovery. To address these issues, this paper develops an ultralight vehicle-mounted tethered ground station for micro unmanned aerial vehicles (micro-UAVs) that can be integrated directly with small UGVs. Through co-design of a 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) self-leveling launch platform and a passive tether-assisted recovery scheme without visual fiducials, in which a customized UAV flight-control loop is coordinated with the state transitions of the ground tether-management system, the proposed system achieves practical tether-assisted recovery. Experiments show that the complete platform weighs only 4.1 kg and that the self-leveling mechanism compensates for ground inclinations over a total range of 24 degrees. Repeated passive-landing tests further demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed recovery scheme and its tolerance to moderate bay tilt and terminal off-axis activation. System-level flight validation confirms practical tether-assisted recovery without visual fiducials. In addition, we conduct a simplified exploratory simulation of tether-based ground-anchor localization under the proposed system architecture. Overall, these results establish a lightweight and low-cost hardware design and a practically viable recovery strategy for multimodal micro air-ground robotic systems.

This paper addresses the problem of controlling a heterogeneous system composed of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for formation and containment maintenance. The proposed approach considers actuator time delay and, in addition to formation and containment, considers obstacle avoidance, and offers a robust navigation algorithm and uses a reliable middleware for data transmission and exchange. The methodology followed uses both flocking technique and modified L1 adaptive control to ensure the proper navigation and coordination while avoiding obstacles. The data exchange between all the agents is provided through the data distribution services (DDS) middleware, which solves the interoperability issue when dealing with heterogeneous multiagent systems. The modified L1 controller is a local controller for stabilizing the dynamic model of each UAV and AUV, and the flocking approach is used to coordinate the followers around the leader or within the space delimited by their leaders. Potential Field (PF) allows obstacle avoidance during the agents’ movement. The performance of the proposed approach under the considerations mentioned above are verified and demonstrated using simulations.

Introduction. Due to their unique properties, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in the civil and military sectors. Due to the growing demand for specialist UAV operators, there is an increasing need to assess the working conditions at the workplaces of UAV operators. At the same time, special attention is paid to the sanitary and hygienic control of microbial contamination of the controls of unmanned vehicles. The study aims to execute a microbiological assessment of the qualitative and quantitative composition of microorganisms polluting the controls of unmanned aerial vehicles in order to further develop preventive measures aimed at preventing the spread of infectious diseases among operators of unmanned aerial vehicles. Materials and methods. The study assessed the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms on control panels, keyboards, video cameras and video helmets of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles using both personal and multi-user equipment. Results. As a result of the study of microbial contamination of control panels, keyboards, video glasses and video helmets of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles, it was found that when operating equipment in multiuser access mode, the level of microbial contamination increases 2.9 times compared with personal use. In the course of the study, experts identified and ranked the main types of microorganisms living on the surfaces of video glasses, video helmets, keyboards and control panels of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles, with the aim of further developing and improving measures to preserve and promote the health of the aforementioned specialists. Limitations. It is necessary to study the effectiveness and safety of various disinfection methods for materials (plastic, glass, rubber, etc.) used to create UAV controls. To date, the impact of the use of glasses and helmets on the visual organ of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles in the long term of their use in the professional activities of specialists has not been fully studied, which does not allow fully assess the risks to their health. It is necessary to develop new solutions to minimize the impact of adverse factors on the organ of vision, including microbiological ones, as well as to minimize the manifestations of conjunctival symptoms. Conclusion. Multiuser equipment is most susceptible to microbial contamination, which increases the risk of infectious and inflammatory diseases among UAV operators. When using glasses and helmets, there are more pronounced manifestations of conjunctival symptoms due to their closer location to the organ of vision and the presence of additional fans in their design. The spectral composition of microorganisms contaminating UAV controls is mainly represented by representatives of opportunistic flora. The leading reason for contamination of equipment by opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms is the limitation of the ability of UAV operators to comply with personal hygiene rules and insufficient treatment of equipment with disinfectant solutions. Ethics. The study was approved at a meeting of the Independent Ethics Committee at the Kirov Military Medical Academy on December 17, 2024 (Protocol No. 297 dated December 17, 2024). The study was conducted in compliance with ethical principles and the voluntary consent of the participants.

With the advancement of artificial intelligence technology, unmanned vehicle (UV) systems, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), have been appearing in many scenarios with wide-ranging applications. It is a crucial factor for enhancing human-computer collaboration efficiency to analyze the impact of unmanned vehicle system combinations on operators. The research in this paper presents the effects of different combinations of UAVs and UGVs (1UAV + 1UGV, 1UAV + 2UGVs, 2UAVs + 1UGV, 2UAVs + 2UGVs) on searching performance and operator’s mental workload for accomplishing search tasks. Completion times for tasks and subjective data with operators (N=16) were collected by using Psychopy and questionnaires, respectively. The results in this research indicate that binary growth of controllable unmanned vehicles doesn’t improve the UV utilization rate, but costing longer completion time and increasing operator’s mental workload. Since an excessive number of unmanned vehicles could have a negative impact on task performance, the insights in the paper are helpful for the design of unmanned vehicle systems and the research of human-computer collaboration.

Methods for landing unmanned aerial vehicles on the platform of a moving unmanned vehicle are considered. On the basis of the made analysis, as the most promising type of unmanned aerial vehicle for joint operation with an unmanned vehicle the tiltrotor is indicated. A mathematical model of a tiltrotor is presented, which is advisable to use when developing algorithms for landing on a car platform. Keywords unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned vehicle, tiltrotor, landing on the platform, tiltrotor model

The article discusses about the system of information support for unmanned ground vehicle and un-manned aerial vehicles with an increased degree of autonomy, arising application difficulties, is considered. Some methodological approaches to calculating the requirements of electronic protection for the data transmission systems of unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicles with an increased degree of autonomy are given.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming very important platforms for conducting combat operations in the russian-ukrainian war, as they significantly reduce the risk of human life during special and combat missions. The UAV group can be used to perform a wide range of military tasks: destruction of enemy equipment, reconnaissance (monitoring) of the area, construction of aerial networks, etc. In the conditions of a change in the tactical situation, countermeasures by the enemy, effective management of the UAV group is impossible without an appropriate management system. The UAV group can include both unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned ground vehicles (UAVs). The following main tasks are assigned to the management system: determination and coordination of the order of joint actions of autonomous UAV groups; formation of flight (ground) tasks and flight (movement) trajectories of the UAV group; dynamic adjustment of the flight task and the role of each UAV during its use; organization of the communication network between the control center and between UAV groups, etc. The tasks and target functions of management of each of their subsystems are determined. The features of the UAV group control cycle are described. The main stages of the synthesis of the control system are considered: the choice of the control method (centralized, hierarchical, decentralized and mixed); selection of algorithms (protocols) and organization of the process of data exchange between UAVs. A functional model of the UAV group management system is proposed. Tasks and main management functions of each of the subsystems are defined. Features of the UAV group management cycle are described. The main stages of the synthesis of the control system are considered: the selection of algorithms (protocols) and the organized process of information exchange between UAVs; variants of formation and swarm models of UAV movement in groups; multi-agent decision-making models for the organization of task performance by the UAV group.