ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ МОДЕЛІ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО РОЗВИТКУ ПУБЛІЧНОЇ СЛУЖБИ В УКРАЇНІ

This article describes assistance that is being provided as part of an institution building project with a view to making a lasting impact on the development of a democratic public service of Ukraine. It explains the nature of the project and the strategies adopted to overcome difficulties. It compares and contrasts approaches adopted by technical assistance projects in assisting administrative reform. It also examines the special nature of the Ukraine project that arises out of the distinctive context and needs of Ukraine. The article continues by examining the role of external assistance in validating the Ukrainian Institute of Public Administration and Local Government's Masters in Public Administration and the contribution made to the development and delivery of the Masters programme. A special feature of the project is the series of one‐month internships when IPALG students visit London. The internship programme allows students to identify aspects of UK experience relevant to changes that Ukraine wishes to make in its administrative culture. As part of this programme, students are placed in government organizations and NGOs. The placements are complemented by a series of change management seminars that enable students to evaluate options for change, to assess their own role in the change process and recognize the key stages in the change process. The project team has undertaken a full evaluation of the first presentation of the programme and the article presents the findings.

The article substantiates the conceptual foundations of the transformation of the public service of Ukraine into the institution of social interaction as one of the most important conditions for overcoming the socio-economic crisis and effective implementation of social reforms. The paper analyzes the current state of crisis in which society and the institution of public service, as the main subject of formation and implementation of public development strategy. It is emphasized that the systemic crisis may well be the factor that changes the social system in the direction of reducing entropy and contributes to the restructuring of the format of the relationship between public service and society. Favorable factors have been identified that accelerate the achievement of a new qualitative state of organization and functioning of the public service in the process of overcoming the crisis. The necessity of cardinal institutional changes at the highest levels of state power, namely in the triangle "Verkhovna Rada – President – Cabinet of Ministers" is substantiated. Based on research conducted by the Razumkov Centre's sociological service from February 13 to 17, 2020, as well as from April 24 to 29, 2020 (by telephone interview), there is a significant decrease in the professionalism and quality of government institutions, which leads to a decline in public confidence. public service. Emphasis is placed on the need to amend the relevant laws of Ukraine, which will be the first step towards the preparation of a single integrated bill "On Public Service in Ukraine", which should introduce fundamental principles for the functioning of public service as an institution of public interaction. It is proved that the process of transformation of the public service of Ukraine into an institution of social interaction should take place at all levels of public power through constructive social self-organization and broad involvement of citizens in the management process. The role of leaders of territorial communities is highlighted, who on the basis of constant social dialogue and partnership with the community should ensure constructive social self-organization and minimize the consequences of the crisis.

The concept of “administrative services” in Ukraine began to be widely used during the period of administrative reform, while in many foreign countries it is one of the usual forms of relations between citizens and the state, where the state is understood as a “service provider”. Finally, this concept entered into scientifi c and practical circulation in the fi eld of public administration in 2012 with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Administrative Services”. The study of the practice of decentralization in public administration in developed countries is dictated by the objective need to fi nd measures to improve the effi ciency of management structures and eliminate administrative barriers to the institution of administrative services. The study was based on the experience of countries such as Great Britain, France, USA, Germany, Canada, Poland and others. One of the main concepts of this reform was the separation of “strategic” and “executive” functions and the transfer of some powers of central government to the local level, aimed at improving the effi ciency of budget spending through sound management. The development of administrative services in Ukraine is in line with European and global trends. This is confi rmed by the adoption on November 3, 2020 by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Optimizing the Network and Functioning of Administrative Service Centers and Improving Access to Electronic Services Provided in Electronic Form”. This Law provides for the gradual development of a network of centers for the provision of administrative services of local governments in Ukraine until 2024. The process of reforming public administration in the fi eld of administrative services in Ukraine is carried out comprehensively, in several areas simultaneously. The study of foreign experience allows to determine what trends in the development of the system of administrative services are used in domestic practice, as well as to identify the main areas of further reform of the system of administrative services in modern Ukraine.

Introduction. Educational services in Ukraine play an important role in the formation of social and human capital, and the quality and level of education outline the acquired professional skills, characterize the ability to learn throughout life, promote innovative development of society, knowledge economy, increase competitiveness of graduates in the labour market their individual incomes and increase the welfare of the population of the state. That is, today the most important thing is that the society realizes that the provision of educational services is the key to the future of our state and the foundation of the development of the nation, society and individual. We believe that the progressive development of educational services in Ukraine is possible only if they are properly funded, effective, efficient and sound combination of financial and educational policies of the state. Methods. General scientific techniques and methods of economic research were used in the process of writing the article. The theoretical and methodological basis of intelligence was the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the study of financial support of educational services in Ukraine, Internet resources. The study used general and special research methods, in particular: general and special – to ensure this goal; dialectical, abstract and logical – to substantiate theoretical positions and conclusions. Results. The article examined the state of financial support of educational services in Ukraine in recent years. The dynamics of consolidated budget expenditures on educational services in Ukraine, as well as in terms of state and local budgets was analysed. It was emphasized that the progressive development of educational services in Ukraine is possible provided they are properly funded. Discussion. Further research will focus on finding the optimal mechanism for financing educational services in Ukraine. Keywords: financial support, educational services, educational subvention, sources of financial support.

Resolving conflict of interest in public service is one of the key mechanisms for combating corruption. Its principles are defined in international legal documents. The United Nations (UN) Convention Against Corruption states that each State Party should strive, in accordance with the fundamental principles of its domestic law, to establish, maintain and strengthen systems that promote transparency and prevent the appearance of conflict of interest. All State Parties shall endeavour to establish, maintain and strengthen measures that promote transparency and prevent conflicts of interest, in accordance with the fundamental principles of their domestic law. The article raises the problem that the confusing legal regulation and the variety of situations that arise in public service result in public servants not always correctly identifying conflicts of interest, not avoiding conflicts of public and private interests, and persons who have ceased to work in the public service not complying with restrictions on work, restrictions on concluding contracts or using individual benefits, and restrictions on representation. The aim of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of the legal regulation of conflict of interest, to analyse means of resolving conflicts of interest in the public service and restrictions for post-public servants in Ukraine and Lithuania. The authors set out a number of tasks in the article: (i) to define the concept of conflict of interest in the public service; (ii) to identify means of resolving conflicts of interest in the public service in Ukraine and Lithuania; (iii) to compare the restrictions (limitations) for post-public servants in each country. The research methods employed included: (i) comparative method, comparing the regulations on conflict of interest in each country; (ii) generalisation method, to formulate conclusions; (iii) document analysis method, focusing on the legal acts and documents of Ukraine and Lithuania; (iv) statistical method, to reveal the number of investigation identifying conflicts of interest in public officials' activities. Keywords: Conflict of Interest, Public Service, Post-public Servants, Withdrawal from Decision-making, Restrictions, Limitations, Liability.

Adnotacja.Badanie poświęcono gruntownej analizie paradygmatycznych problemów polityki płci w służbie publicznej w Ukrainie.Na podstawie licznych statystyk udowodniono obecność i podkreślono złożoność problemu nierówności płci w sektorze służby publicznej Ukrainy.W pracy postawiono hipotezę, że nierówność płci w Ukrainie jest związana z jej postsowieckim paradygmatem regulacji prawnej.Ten stan rzeczy doprowadził do dalszego wektora badań: na podstawie badań analitycznych naukowców krajowych i zagranicznych przeprowadzono krytyczną analizę europejskich i radzieckich modeli polityki płci w służbie publicznej.Podkreślono podstawowe przepisy (zasady) każdego z modeli, porównano je i zidentyfikowano główne wady koncepcji radzieckiej

У статті аналізуються нормативно-правові акти, що визначають основні вимоги до етичної поведінки державних службовців в Україні. Зазначено, що самого лише визнання вагомості професійної етики недостатньо. Одним з дієвих заходів підвищення авторитету державної служби в суспільстві, протидії корупції та підвищення культури управління є законодавче врегулювання питань професійної етики державної служби. Визначено, що етичні засади державної служби України закріплюються в багатьох нормативно-правових актах України, зокрема, значну увагу в статті приділено розгляду Закону України «Про державну службу», «Про запобігання корупції», Постанові Кабінету Міністрів України «Про затвердження правил етичної поведінки державних службовців» та Наказу Національного агентства України з питань державної служби «Про затвердження Загальних правил етичної поведінки державних службовців та посадових осіб місцевого самоврядування». На основі аналізу визначено, що на рівні нормативно-правових документів практично неможливо скласти вичерпний перелік правил поведінки державних службовців. Отже, найкращою гарантією запобігання зловживанням владою, корупції й іншим службово-етичним порушенням є особисті достоїнства та високі моральні якості службовця і, насамперед, професійна честь та обов’язок.

В. Россіхін, доктор юридичних наук, професор, дійсний член -академік Європейської академії природничих наук, Заслужений працівник освіти України, проректор з інноваційно-корпоративної роботи та адміністрування Харківського національного університету радіоелектроніки Г. Россіхіна, докторка юридичних наук, професорка, дійсна членкиня -академік Європейської академії природничих наук, професорка кафедри державно-правових дисциплін Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна Т. Хабарова, кандидатка юридичних наук, доцентка кафедри державно-правових дисциплін Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна С. Надобко, кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, декан факультету аудіовізуальне мистецтво та заочне навчання Харківської державної академії дизайну та мистецтв

Considering the processes of deinstitutionalisation and the development of social services in the community accessible for children and families, the use of Internet technologies in social work is extremely relevant. The purpose of this publication is to describe the results of research on the use of Internet technologies as a tool for the development of social services for children with disabilities and their families. In the course of the study, which was carried out between October 2016 and June 2018, we used such research methods as: theoretical research methods, document analysis, as well as individual and focused group interviews. The first objective of the research was to explore the varieties and features of services for children with disabilities in the community as an alternative to institutional care and analyze the process of services development. The formed list of services for children with disabilities and their families, which are possible in Ukraine according to the current legislation, the following groups of services were defined: (a) correction and development services; (b) educational services; (c) care services; (d) support services for families with children with disabilities. We revealed that the development of the service includes a number of practical tasks that cover the following stages: (1) determining the community's need in the service, (2) planning the implementation of the service, (3) selecting and training the specialists who will implement the service, (4) building communications with clients and developing an affiliate network, (5) monitoring the results of service implementation. The second stage of the study was conducting a theoretical analysis of the specifics of various types of Internet technologies and their use for work on development of services in community. Based on this we have developed a model for the development of social services for children with disabilities and their families in the community using Internet technologies for the activities of both social work managers and specialists who directly provide services to clients. During the empirical part of the study, we analysed experience and perspectives of application of Internet technologies by heads and managers of social organizations, as well as specialists working with children with disabilities in the provision of services. The results of the study are the first step in verifying the proposed theoretical model; they confirm that the topic of using Internet technologies is extremely relevant for the development and provision of services in Ukraine and in Europe. Domestic and foreign experts who took park in the study named the following potential Internet technologies in providing services: organization of day-care for palliative children; long-distance social support for families and children; transfer of certain elements of correctional lessons to the Internet platforms; organization of online peer support groups for parents of children; Internet technologies of virtual and augmented (mixing reality and artificial effects) reality for the correction and therapy of people with mental disorders. Comparing the responses of domestic and foreign specialists working with children with disabilities and their families, it is possible to conclude that foreign colleagues more actively use Internet technologies to perform professional tasks, both for working with clients, and for organizing and providing services, while Ukrainian specialists are limited to their use mainly for informational purposes. The study determines the peculiarities of using Internet technologies, which need to be considered, integrating such technologies into the process of providing services to children with disabilities and their families in Ukraine.

The article shows some problems of improving the effi ciency of public administration and the impact on it of the professional activity of civil servants. The main reasons for restraining the development of the public civil service due to the lack or insuffi cient scientifi c and economic justifi cation of the necessary socioeconomic mechanisms for the rational regulation of the creation of the necessary conditions for this are identifi ed. Based on the analysis of the results of the implementation of the Concept of reforming the civil service system, the article notes that along with the successful solution of a number of problems in this area, key tasks on these issues have not been solved so far. These include: the absence to date of the Federal state body for civil service management, since 2014 suspended the development and implementation of programs for the development of the public civil service; the principle of interaction between the state and citizens — “de-bureaucratization”, which was defi ned in the above-mentioned Concept in 2001, etc., is completely ignored in the system of public administration. the article off ers some recommendations for solving these problems, as well as for improving the system and structure of Federal Executive bodies.

This paper focuses on the preparation of graduate-level students in the field of public governance and healthcare system management at Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University. It outlines the distinctive features of the academic and vocational program, particularly its key study areas, which include the foundational principles and operational dynamics of the public administration framework. This structure encompasses institutions of state authority, municipal governance, and civil society, all functioning according to their designated roles and competencies. The article discloses the characteristics of the educational and professional program, namely, objects of study: principles and patterns of functioning of the public administration and administration system as a set of institutions of state administration, local self-government, civil society in accordance with the functions and powers assigned to them; relations, phenomena, processes, models and mechanisms that characterize the manifestations of public administration and administration at the higher, central, regional and local levels, taking into account the healthcare sector. Learning objectives: training of specialists in public administration and administration, capable of solving complex tasks and problems in public administration and administration in healthcare. Theoretical content of the subject area: scientific concepts (theories) of public management and administration, in particular at the highest, central, regional and local levels of management; mechanisms of management and administration in the healthcare system to ensure stable development, effective overcoming of crisis situations and consequences. Methods, techniques and technologies: scientific knowledge, management and decision-making, analytical information processing, institutional, instrumental, functional, organizational-technological and legal support, electronic governance (eHealth), systems analysis, modeling, forecasting and design of healthcare systems. Tools and equipment: information and analytical tools, systems to support the adoption and implementation of management decisions, specialized software. Based on the analysis, it is observed that this educational and professional program is designed to prepare specialists for employment in executive authorities, local self-government bodies, and public organizations. These professionals will be capable of ensuring a socially acceptable standard of medical and administrative services, guided by principles of openness, transparency, accountability, and professionalism, both in current circumstances and in the post-war period. The program also highlights the opportunity for students to create an individualized educational pathway. This is realized, in particular, through the freedom to choose the types and forms of education, the educational institutions and programs they offer, the educational components (EC) and their level of complexity, as well as the methods and tools of learning.

The methodological grounds of the democratic governance process based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific experience of public administration science are considered in the article. The study aims to analyze and investigate the nature of the origin and use of the latest terminology of public administration, to offer their own approaches to adapting English definitions to existing terminology. Thus, for a long time since the accreditation of the science of public administration, some domestic researchers have implemented the experience of advanced European and American theories of public administration, doing so superficially, without taking into account the peculiarities of management processes. In a relatively short time, a large number of literally adapted concepts have appeared in the theory of public administration. In some places, some studies contain a significant number of English terms without translation into Ukrainian, simply with an explanation of what is meant by this or that concept. Since domestic public administration was based on the experience of authoritarian traditions, the methodological approaches to the terminology of key concepts differ significantly from the public administration practices of democracies in Europe and North America. In our country, for example, the state power – manages, hence the concept – management, respectively, in democratic countries, the state power is rather a service for providing administrative services to its citizens, or carries out administration. To understand the concept of "management", the most suitable English equivalent – "management", which in domestic economics is not even translated. Public administration of foreign interpretation is no longer management but administration, very often this term is used with the term "public". At the beginning of the XXI century in foreign theory another concept of public administration – "governance" is firmly entrenched, which has become a destroyer of peace in the terminology and methodology of domestic science of public administration. The concept of "governance" which in the domestic terminology of public administration science borders on the definition of two concepts of "governance" carries out a "revolution" of modern domestic theory of public administration and requires significant modernization of its methodology and conceptual apparatus.

The article is aimed at researching electronic services and proving the need to standardize their provision in the public administration system. It is found that despite the existence of a large number of studies in the field of implementation of efficient public e-governance, there is a need for detailed coverage of the problems of providing the population with electronic services through the total digitalization of public relations of different levels of interaction, as well as standardization of the provision of electronic services. To obtain the results, general scientific research methods were used. Methods of analysis and synthesis contributed to the detection of problems of excellence, consistency and certainty in the field of electronic administrative services provision, systematization of criteria for assessing the quality of electronic services, formation of principles of digitalization of the public administration system. The statistical method allowed to identify features and gaps in the provision of electronic services in Ukraine. The use of the scientific abstraction method contributed to the formation of certain recommendations for improving the system of electronic services in the context of social transformation, the introduction of standardization of the provision of electronic administrative services at different levels of social interaction, helped to outline the prospects for further research. The main results are reduced to: the need to standardize the provision of electronic administrative services on the basis of standard models of services; to determine the mechanism of providing services by public authorities; the procedure for receiving a response to the request of the administrative service; the presence of tools to measure the level of satisfaction of citizens’ expectations. The conclusion is made about the need for more in-depth study and implementation of foreign experience in transforming social relations and developing the information society in Ukraine.

The genesis of approaches to the theory of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection was examined. The theoretical and methodological foundations of public management and administration mechanisms in the sphere of civil protection were defined. Institutional-legal and organizational-economic mechanisms of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection have been identified. It is stated that an important aspect of the system of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection is the formation of a normative-legal and institutional framework. This framework should combine stability with timely adjustment of the interests of state policy subjects in accordance with societal changes, and it should facilitate the creation of truly operational mechanisms that ensure compliance with legislation in this sphere. Therefore, the institutional-legal mechanism of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection is identified. This mechanism is formed by the system of legislative and normative-legal acts of the state, which ensures the proper functioning of the civil protection sphere and harmonizes Ukrainian legislation in this sphere with international legislation, including European law. It is determined that the organizational-economic mechanism of public management and administration in the sphere of civil protection is a set of organizational, financial, and economic incentives, levers, and tools provided by law, through which the stable functioning of the civil protection sphere is ensured. It is outlined that emergencies are becoming more complex, diverse, and atypical, with severe consequences for both the population and territories. This complicates the possibility of quick and proper response due to an insufficiently developed algorithm of actions, both within the system of public management and administration in civil protection and among the population. Therefore, in modern conditions, it is necessary to form unified methodological foundations for the collection, processing, storage, and dissemination of data on environmental monitoring, critical infrastructure objects, and the risks of emergencies in general.

The article analyzes the possibilities of adapting foreign experience of Public Administration to the development of the e-government system in Ukraine. It is determined that the characteristic features in the development of information technology potential in improving public administration systems are the "quantum" approach to information management. We are talking about the widespread creation of systematized arrays of information, clearly structured according to various criteria and characteristics. It is concluded that the analysis of such arrays of information using information technologies gives a powerful potential in determining strategic directions of action, both in forecasting the state management system and in planning its activities. It is also proposed to use the experience of expanding access to information services; creating a system for training and training specialists in information and computer technologies; creating transparency of budget relations; creating electronic spheres of Public Administration in various directions; expand the service sector for businesses and create even greater conditions for mastering various business, statistical and other information. An important aspect of activity in the development of the public administration system is personnel support for the process of implementing the public administration paradigm. Foreign experience has shown the need to develop a human resources support system in two areas: external training and internal training. The first category should include the creation of state programs that focus on the experience of the world's best centers and scientific systems. The second direction should be based on the creation of a system of training specialists within the public administration system. Thus, the effectiveness of the implemented directions for improving the public administration system will significantly increase. The tasks of developing e-government should have their own ambitious goals and unique technologies that are unique to our management system.