Средства «умного регулирования», влияющие на выбор потребителями полезных для здоровья продуктов

This article examines historical, contemporary, andemerging form of governmental regulation in various contexts and jurisdictions, and applies that information comparatively in undertaking descriptive and prescriptive analyses in relation to regulation in Canada's energy sector. So-called "smart regulation " is the latest trend in regulatory (re)structuring. and the author attempts to probe the substance behind this catch-phrase to discover what its practical implications are to affected parties. The reader will contemplate how "smart regulation " differs, if at all from prescriptive regulation, goal-oriented regulation, performance-based regulation, and deregulation or whether it is some combination of several. "Smart regulation" necessarily imports inter- and intra-governmental cooperation and coordination to avoid regulatory duplication and multi-layering; in this regard Canada's regulatory regime appears to be in transition. Accurately measuring the degree of regulatory and industrial efficiency and effectiveness resulting from the "smart regulation" movement may ultimately require more credible evaluation methodology and increased research in the area.

Currently, a great number of people have an unhealthy dietary intake, leading to chronic diseases. Despite the high prevalence of obesity and people being overweight, only a few strategies to promote healthier food products have been proven effective. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the effect of the presence of health information and its integration into a fast food menu context on young adults’ healthy food choices. An experimental between-subjects design consisting of three conditions—subtle, explicit, and no health information—was conducted among 142 participants aged 18 to 24 (Mage: 21.49, SD = 1.77). The results showed that when health information about healthy products was provided, the level of integration of the information into the menu context had an effect. More specifically, participants exposed to explicit health information about healthy products provided on the fast food menu were more likely to choose a healthy food product compared to participants exposed to subtle integrated health information. No interaction effect for moderating factors was found. In line with the healthy food promotion model, the findings suggest that the provision of explicit health information on healthy products stimulates healthy food choices in a fast food environment.

Objective:To investigate to what extent promotions in Dutch supermarket sales flyers contribute to a healthy diet and whether there are differences between supermarket types.Design:A cross-sectional study investigating promotions on foods and beverages (n 7825) in supermarket sales flyers from thirteen Dutch supermarket chains (8-week period), including ten traditional, two discount and one organic supermarket chain(s). Promoted products were categorised by food group (e.g. bread), contribution to a healthy diet (yes/no), degree of processing (e.g. ultra-processed), promotion type (temporary reduction in price, volume-based promotions or advertised only) and percentage discount of price promotions. Differences between supermarket chains in the degree of healthiness and processing of products and the types of price promotions were investigated.Results:In total, 70·7 % of all promoted products in supermarket sales flyers did not contribute to a healthy diet and 56·6 % was ultra-processed. The average discount on less healthy products (28·7 %) was similar to that of healthy products (28·9 %). Less healthy products were more frequently promoted via volume-based promotions than healthy products (37·6 % v. 25·4 %, P < 0·001). Discount supermarket chains promoted less healthy (80·3 %) and ultra-processed (65·1 %) products more often than traditional supermarket chains (69·6 % and 56·6 %, respectively).Conclusions:The majority of promoted products via supermarket sales flyers do not contribute to a healthy diet. As promotions are an important determinant of food purchasing decisions, supermarkets do not support healthy choices. Future studies should identify barriers that withhold supermarket chains from promoting more healthy foods in supermarket sales flyers.

The article is devoted to determining the place of consumer law in the system of Russian law and in the system of Russian legislation. Having formed in Russian civil law initially as a functional institution of civil law protection of consumer rights, it later, together with the norms of branches of public law, forms an intersectoral institute of Russian law, and under the influence of codified civil legislation, especially due to the reform of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the improvement of legislation on consumer protection and the practice of its application, occupies the place of a functional sub-branch in the structure of modern civil law. For more than thirty years, consumer law has also been formed as a complex branch of legislation, including normative acts containing norms of various branches of Russian law. Consumer law (consumer protection legislation) is characterized by a number of features (it includes numerous regulations of various hierarchical levels and combines legal regulation contained in codified civil legislation and special acts on consumer protection). This, on the one hand, seems to be a very progressive phenomenon, since the civil law regulation of contractual relations with the participation of consumers is elevated to the level of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and, on the other hand, this is done in part two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as in certain federal laws, is often inconsistent or insufficiently successful.

The sphere of justice has also been affected by the global trend of universal digitalization. In view of a threat facing the world in the form of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, as well as restrictions on access to court buildings in 2020, the initiative to amend the procedural legislation is relevant and timely. These amendments concern equalizing the legal status of written documents and electronic documents, about the methods of notifying the persons involved in the case, about the use of systems that allow the court and the parties to participate in proceedings remotely, while observing all procedural norms. The article attempts to study the trends in the development of civil procedural legislation, guided by the draft law, which was submitted for discussion by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on October 19, 2020. Purpose: to analyze trends in the development of civil procedural legislation in the modern world. Methods: the author uses empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation and theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Special scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpreting legal norms. Results: the analysis of the draft law reveals some positive and some controversial points that are subject to clarification and more detailed disclosure if it were adopted. The position of researchers studying the issues of informatization of justice is reflected, the prospects for the development of the judiciary in the field of further digitalization are indicated.

The paper analyzes the patient's legal status as a key figure in the provision of health services, identifies and qualifies his rights and obligations, reveals the specifics of some legal opportunities for consumers of health services. The purpose of the paper is a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s rights and obligations under the contract for the provision of medical services. Methods: the authors use empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation and theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Special scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpreting legal norms. Results: the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop a clear and complete conceptual apparatus; they propose to expand and structure the list of rights by strengthening their informational component, to detail the set of patient's obligations, and to adjust the norms on the patient's voluntary informed consent to medical intervention. The role of insurers in the medical field in helping patients to realize their legal opportunities is highlighted.

The article is devoted to the analysis of VEB.RF's Methodological Recommendations for Green Finance published on July 13, 2020, named by many Russian experts as the National Green Finance Standard of Russia. This document was in-tended to define the criteria for green projects and financial instruments for enterprises and banks and, ultimately, describe the architecture of the national sys-tem of such financing. A similar document - Taxonomy Regulation - was adopted in the European Union on June 18, 2020. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the above issues is of particular importance. The purpose of the article is to form the idea of the national standard of green finance in Russia based on the analysis of regulations and scientific sources. The applied methods are empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation, and theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. The following private scientific methods were used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. The study showed that the main financial regulator in Russia is the Central Bank, and it is the regulatory documents of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation that should create a national standard for green financing. Without the approval of the Central Bank, VEB.RFs guidelines are turning into just another methodology of the rating agency.

The paper discusses the possibilities of digitalization of criminal procedure and its importance for optimizing prosecutorial supervision, including high-tech supervision. The development of digital technologies urgently requires not only legal changes, but also the rational use of artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings. Purpose: to determine the limits of the use of artificial intelligence in criminal proceedings and, in particular, prosecutorial supervision. Methods: the author uses empirical methods of comparison and description; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. A special scientific legal-technical method is also applied. Results: The prosecutor’s access to the materials of the criminal case will make it possible to ensure the continuity of prosecutorial supervision and will enhance its efficiency. The use of software will be a factor preventing the gathering of evidence in violation of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. It is proposed to use special methods of supporting public prosecution in specific types of criminal cases in the development of an artificial intelligence program. Digital technologies can be used to analyze crimes, its causes and conditions, and to develop effective means of preventing it when the prosecutor exercises the function of coordinating the activities of law enforcement agencies in combating crime.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;The following thesis shall provide an analysis of the unique challenges which have arisen from the growing phenomenon that is cybercrime. This thesis shall then provide insight into and discussion around how these challenges can be addressed. The technological landscape in which organised cybercriminals operate presents unique challenges to law makers, investigators, and prosecutors. A useful analogy to describe this environment is that of the ungoverned lawless Wild West. This is an environment in which traditional methods of law enforcement and regulation struggle to be implemented efficiently. This struggle calls for new methods of regulation to be explored.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Cybercrime creates a number of unique challenges. The key challenges can be summarised as follows. The first, is the loss of data and difficulty in recording and analysing data as evidence. This difficulty is aggravated by the challenge of uncovering whether a cybercrime has taken place. The second challenge is the loss of location, namely the difficulty in establishing where the perpetrator of a cybercrime is located. The third and one of the biggest challenges associated with cybercrime, that is transnationality. While states are limited by the entrenched principles of jurisdiction, cybercriminals are not. Cybercriminality occurs across borders, which brings into focus the challenge of international cooperation which is endemic to any attempt to address cybercrime. One of the final challenges to regulating this space is the dichotomy between private and public actors, and the role of private actors in regulating the technological space and preventing cybercrime from occurring.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The majority of law relating to cybercrime occurs at a national level. Most jurisdictions rely on an approach grounded in the criminalisation of cybercrime. This approach is limited by the inherent reactive and consequence focused nature of criminalisation and the limitations of traditional jurisdictional boundaries of states. Consequently, although criminal law can be used to address the underlying criminal act it is not effective at preventing cybercrime. The limitations of a criminal law based approach necessitates consideration of alternative methods which can proactively address cybercrime.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;A proactive regulatory approach is better suited to addressing the challenge posed by cybercrime. The boundaries between law, regulation, and social control are best described and viewed as a continuum. Along this continuum there are various options, configurations, and solutions which can be implemented. This spectrum includes options such as, government regulation, co-regulation, smart regulation, and self-regulation. These alternative approaches emphasis greater private sector responsibility. What is clear is that a solely criminal law focused response is not effective in isolation. It must be complimented by alternative effective forms of regulation which involve greater private sector involvement. Through being able to utilise all the instruments available it is proposed that the best possible solution to addressing cybercrime be achieved.&lt;/p&gt;

The people of West Jakarta City, particularly in South Meruya, faces various complex health and nutrition problems, similar to those found in other major urban areas. These include issues such as undernutrition and stunting, overnutrition (obesity), and unhealthy eating habits. Although South Meruya is known for its abundance of culinary options, unfortunately, many of these food and beverage choices are unhealthy, often containing high levels of sugar, salt, trans fats, and harmful food additives. On the other hand, healthy food options remain limited, leading people to prefer fast food or easily accessible snacks. Additionally, many business owners still lack an understanding of the principles of healthy and balanced food, resulting in a low availability and limited choices of healthy food circulating in South Meruya. One of the root causes of these nutritional problems is the lack of public knowledge about nutrition science and the principles of a balanced diet as outlined in the Balanced Nutrition Guidelines (Pedoman Gizi Seimbang or PGS). The purpose of this Community Service Program is to increase public understanding of the importance of PGS principles and their application in daily life as well as in starting a healthy food business. The main targets of this activity are PKK women, posyandu cadres, and small business owners (MSMEs). Through seminars, training, and mentoring, participants received education on PGS and how to create opportunities in the healthy food business and strategies for marketing them. The program was successfully held on April 24, 2025, at RPTA Menara, South Meruya, with over 30 participants. The attendees were attentive and enthusiastic throughout the event. MSME participants also expressed their intention to develop new or alternative healthy food products. Evaluation results showed that 90% of participants stated the material was highly relevant to their daily lives and easy to understand. Additionally, 78% felt motivated to start or improve their healthy culinary business, and 80% reported gaining new awareness about applying balanced nutrition in their households.

Street stall economy in China in the post-COVID-19 era: Dilemmas and regulatory suggestions

Vulnerable, single and living in poverty: Women’s challenges to accessing food in the Australian Capital Territory

The authors of the article start from the idea that anime is a special product of the mass media space, which can have a strong and often destructive effect on the psyche of adolescents, becoming a potential or real factor in suicidal behavior in adolescents. In such cases, anime is subject to legal qualification, for the purpose of which various expert studies are carried out – more often psychological, less often linguistic. However, according to the authors of the article, linguistic-cultural examination is called upon to become the optimal tool for an objective study of anime. Within the framework of such a comprehensive study, it is possible not only to establish what exactly is said about the subject of speech, about the attitude towards it, about the purposes of communicating information to the addressee and why something is actually said, but also to explore anime plots from the point of view of social significance, as well as ideological and ideological aspects. Purpose: reveal the possibilities of linguistic-cultural examination for an objective study of anime products. Methods: empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results: 1) an idea of linguistic-cultural examination and its methods is proposed for scientific discussion; 2) the need for linguistic-cultural examination in identifying the destructive mechanisms of influence of anime products is emphasized and illustrated.

Finding an optimal balance of public and private interests in taxation is a task that must be addressed by the state, which seeks not only to increase tax revenues to the budget, but also to create optimal tax conditions for business and production development. Therefore, the analysis of the problems of legal regulation of mineral extraction tax (MET) in the extraction of multi-component complex ores, including the determination of the item and rate of taxation, and the search for their optimal solutions is aimed at improving tax legislation in the context of tax reform. Purpose: to analyse the problems of legal regulation of MET payment for the extraction of multi-component complex ores, including in determining the item and rate of taxation. Methods: empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study reveals that there is no definition of the concept of «multi-component complex ore» in the provisions of the legislation on taxes and levies, as well as in sectoral regulations, therefore, it cannot be considered that such an item of taxation is defined and established by the legislator. The letters received by the tax authority from the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use (Rosnedra) are not regulatory acts and cannot be used as a basis for the regulatory authorities’ conclusions during tax audits. The analysis of the law enforcement (judicial) practice since 2002, as well as certain provisions of regulatory legal acts show that polymetallic ores containing non-ferrous and/or precious metals have historically been qualified as complex multi-component ores. Therefore, the authors propose to amend the tax legislation, taking into account the additional characteristics of multi-component complex ores when they are mined.

The introduction of legal novelties related to the dissemination of false (fake) information raises the question of the role of an expert linguist in such cases, since we are talking about speech offences. Based on the methodological materials of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, as well as on her own expert practice, the author of the article determines the limits of the competence of an expert linguist, but at the same time demonstrates the possibility of expanding them communicatively and legally. Purpose is to determine the limits of competence of an expert linguist in cases related to the dissemination of false (fake) information, to point out the communicatively and legally justified possibility of their expansion. Methods include empirical methods of description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Results: 1) the limits of competence of an expert-linguist in cases related to the dissemination of false (fake) information are determined; 2) possibilities for expanding the limits of the competence of an expert linguist demonstrated communicative and legal justification.