직업계고 학생의 디지털 역량 구명 및 중요도-실행도 차이 분석(IPGA)

BackgroundRapid advances in mobile technologies and applications and the continued growth in digital network coverage have the potential to transform data collection in low- and middle-income countries. A common perception is that digital data collection (DDC) is faster and quickly adaptable.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test whether DDC is faster and more adaptable in a roadside environment. We conducted a reliability study comparing digital versus paper data collection in 3 cities in Ghana, Vietnam, and Indonesia observing road safety risk factors in real time.MethodsRoadside observation of helmet use among motorcycle passengers, seat belt use among 4-wheeler passengers, and speeding was conducted in Accra, Ghana; Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam; and Bandung, Indonesia. Two independent data collection teams were deployed to the same sites on the same dates and times, one using a paper-based data collection tool and the other using a digital tool. All research assistants were trained on paper-based data collection and DDC. A head-to-head analysis was conducted to compare the volume of observations, as well as the prevalence of each risk factor. Correlations (r) for continuous variables and kappa for categorical variables are reported with their level of statistical significance.ResultsIn Accra, there were 119 observation periods (90-min each) identical by date, time, and location during the helmet and seat belt use risk factor data collection and 118 identical periods observing speeding prevalence. In Bandung, there were 150 observation periods common to digital and paper data collection methods, whereas in HCMC, there were 77 matching observation periods for helmet use, 82 for seat belt use, and 84 for speeding. Data collectors using paper tools were more productive than their DDC counterparts during the study. The highest mean volume per session was recorded for speeding, with Bandung recording over 1000 vehicles on paper (paper: mean 1092 [SD 435]; digital: mean 807 [SD 261]); whereas the lowest volume per session was from HCMC for seat belts (paper: mean 52 [SD 28]; digital: mean 62 [SD 30]). Accra and Bandung showed good-to-high correlation for all 3 risk factors (r=0.52 to 0.96), with higher reliability in speeding and helmet use over seat belt use; HCMC showed high reliability for speeding (r=0.99) but lower reliability for helmet and seat belt use (r=0.08 to 0.32). The reported prevalence of risk factors was comparable in all cities regardless of the data collection method.ConclusionsDDC was convenient and reliable during roadside observational data collection. There was some site-related variability in implementing DDC methods, and generally the productivity was higher using the more familiar paper-based method. Even with low correlations between digital and paper data collection methods, the overall reported population prevalence was similar for all risk factors.

Graduates who are superior, competitive, and ready to work are the goals of vocational education. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Teaching Factory (TEFA) implementation with the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model and student work readiness on the Occupational Future Time Perspective (OFTP). Indeed, nowadays, professional/vocational graduates must be ready to enter the industrial world after graduation. This research involved 456 respondents of Vocational High School (VHS) students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, who were determined using a proportional random sampling technique. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with data analysis using SEM AMOS. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the implementation of TEFA and the level of work readiness up to 57%, while the actual contribution of teaching and work readiness factors to future employment time was 80.7%. Overall, the results show that the implementation of TEFA has successfully helped students become more independent and ready to face the competitive world of work. Although 19.3 factors still influence work readiness and prospects, the research results do not change much. Therefore, the application of a teaching factory in the learning process is highly recommended for teachers and students in vocational schools. The implementation can be adjusted to the learning conditions and resources available in VHS. This research contributes as a source of reference in future studies related to improving practical learning and developing students' entrepreneurial skills.

Different types of high schools in Taiwan have the same physical education curriculum. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between senior and vocational high school students. We retrospectively collected health check-up data from 81,076 first-year senior and 68,863 vocational high school students in Taipei City from 2011 to 2014, including their blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-c levels. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined using definitions from the Taiwan Pediatric Association (TPA), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and de Ferranti et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.73% (senior and vocational high school students: 1.22% and 2.33%, respectively) using TPA criteria, 1.02% (0.69% and 1.40%, respectively) using IDF criteria, and 5.11% (3.92% and 6.51%, respectively) using de Ferranti et al. criteria. The most prevalent risk factors overall were increased blood pressure and central obesity. Given the significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in vocational school students regardless of the criteria, and that metabolic syndrome causes future adult health risks, the physical education curriculum and health education program in vocational schools should be strengthened to decrease the risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of learning media on the learning motivation of Vocational High School (SMK) students. The method used in this study is a meta-analysis with data collected through Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar in September 2025. The search keywords used Indonesian with a combination of the variables "learning media" (animation, video, PowerPoint, and teaching modules) and "learning motivation of vocational high school students". The data analyzed were in the form of Effect Size (ES) and Standard Error (SE) values ​​to produce a forest plot containing interval coefficients in each study. Calculations of heterogeneity, publication bias, and fail-safe N were also carried out to ensure the validity of the results. Of the 79 articles searched, 20 articles met the criteria for analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that learning media had a significant effect on student learning motivation with a summary effect of 0.849, z = 7.399, p < 0.001, and a 95% CI interval coefficient [0.624; 1.074]. Heterogeneity analysis yielded Q = 1065.072 with p < 0.001 and I² = 97.18% indicating a very high variation between studies. Subgroup analysis based on expertise program showed that Accounting and Finance had a value of -0.161 (95% CI [-0.617; 0.295]), while Automotive Engineering was 0.072 (95% CI [-1.081; 1.225]). Both were insignificant, as p > 0.05. Subgroup analysis based on learning media type also showed insignificant results: animation = 0.225 (95% CI [-1.020; 1.470]), teaching module = -0.125 (95% CI [-0.776; 0.526]), PowerPoint = 0.110 (95% CI [-0.574; 0.794]), and video = 0.215 (95% CI [-0.428; 0.859]). The Egger test showed a p value of 0.662, indicating no indication of publication bias. Furthermore, the fail-safe N value of 10,614 far exceeded the threshold of 110, confirming the reliability of this study. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of utilizing learning media in increasing vocational high school students' learning motivation, although the effectiveness of specific media types still requires further study.

Vocational high schools are one of the controversial topics, and also the hardly touched fields in educational field. Students’ profiles of vocational schools, their visions, and professional identity developments are not frequently reflected in the literature. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to research whether vocational high school students’ professional identities are supported with extracurricular activities. Followingly, it was also researched whether vocational high school students’ future professional identities complied with their selected school and/or specialized fields. The research was conducted on qualitative research approach through semi-structured question form and analyzed via descriptive and content analysis of qualitative research methods. Results revealed that vocational high school students did not take part in extracurricular activities regarding their professional identities since the schools did not organize these activities. The responses also emphasized that existing extracurricular activities organized outside of the school were insufficient and there was an immediate need for such activities. Additionally, most of the participants highlighted that they selected their schools/department as an obligation. Based on the results, it was revealed that vocational and technical high schools should not focus on extracurricular activities to improve students’ basic and further skills. It is suggested that extracurricular activities should be cared more for students’ academic and practice skills. Moreover, the students and their parents should understand and be introduced to the profession before they come to a future decision.

Vocational education, especially at the Vocational High School (SMK) level, plays an important role in preparing young workers who are ready to face the challenges of the world of work. Despite this, SMK graduates have been contributing to Indonesia's Open Unemployment Rate in recent years. One of the contributing factors is students' inadequate work readiness. Previous research found that internal factors have the greatest contribution to work readiness. Hardiness and optimism are two of the internal factors that are still limitedly studied in work readiness. This study aims to determine the relationship between hardiness and optimism in job readiness in vocational students. This study used quantitative methodology, with a research sample of 69 students in class XI at a vocational school in Surakarta obtained through a simple random sampling technique. The measuring instruments used are the Work Readiness Scale (?=0.944), Hardiness Scale (?=0.891), and Life Orientation Test-Revised (?=0,760). The multiple regression analysis results showed a significant relationship between hardiness and optimism in job readiness in vocational students. Hardiness and optimism together contribute an influence on work readiness of 59.7%. When tested partially, only hardiness showed a significant relationship with work readiness, while optimism did not. Educational institutions are advised to increase students' hardiness and optimism to be ready to enter the world of work.

This research was conducted because the phenomenon of academic procrastination is a common thing and almost every student has done it. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, all Teaching and Learning Activities (KBM) were conducted online, resulting in higher levels of academic procrastination. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of academic procrastination of Bekasi City Vocational High School (SMK) students during the COVID-19 pandemic and what efforts were made by the school to overcome it. The research approach used is qualitative with Field Research (Field Research). The informants in this study included: Vocational High School students, Regional III Branch Office Staff, Vocational Supervisors, Vocational School Principals, Vocational Productive Subject Teachers, and Parents of Vocational School Students in Bekasi City. Data collection by interview technique, while the discussion using descriptive method that describes the situation in the field systematically. The results showed that the academic procrastination of Bekasi City Vocational High School students experienced an increase during learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic, including: Delays in starting and completing assignments; Delay in completing tasks; Time gap between planned and actual performance; and engage in more enjoyable activities. Countermeasures carried out by the school include: Providing interesting learning materials; Provide deadlines for each task; Conduct intensive communication with students and parents as well as conduct home visits for students with problems.

The current era changes the educational situation. There is an urgent need to integrate advanced information technology with innovative teaching models to improve students' analytical thinking skills.It was employed to Vocational High School teachers and students as a learning innovation in the current era.The selection of Vocational High School teachers and students for research is because the researcher focuses on research in the field of vocational education and it is relevant with the researcher's field of knowledge. This study aims to develop and validate a Case Based Learning model integrated with a Knowledge Management System, designed to enhance critical thinking skills among vocational high school students. The paper applies Research and Development with theADDIE scheme. The latest concept of the model, namely the Case Based Learning Model, can be collaborated with the Knowledge Management System to improveCritical Thinking Skills student as a competency needed in the current era. It is expected to have a positive impact and change practices and learning outcomes in the context of the industrial revolution currently taking place.

Entrepreneurship refers to the process or individual actions of creating, developing, and managing a new venture or business with the aim of achieving financial gain. Understanding of entrepreneurship includes business concepts, business development strategies, operational management, finance, marketing, as well as leadership and communication skills. This research is a literature study which aims to identify and explore the influence of knowledge on Vocational High School (SMK) students' interest in entrepreneurship, using a qualitative descriptive approach to seven scientific articles. The research method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the steps, namely compiling a Research Question (RQ), searching for relevant literature, conducting a review, analyzing the findings. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of entrepreneurship education on vocational high school students' interest in entrepreneurship. The research results show that entrepreneurial knowledge has a positive and significant influence on vocational school students' interest in entrepreneurship.

This study aims to analyze the mediating role of adversity quotient in the relationship between parental support and career adaptability among Generation Z vocational high school students. This quantitative, non-experimental study involved 627 twelfth-grade students from five schools in Jakarta and Banten, aged 16-18 (M=17.2), with a majority of female students (65.6%). Data was collected using the Career Adaptability Scale-5 (CAS-5), Career Related-Parent Support Scale (CRPSS), and Adversity Response Profile-Quick Take (ARP). Data was analyzed using R studio. The results showed that the adversity quotient partially mediated the relationship between parental support and career adaptability. The adversity quotient possessed by Generation Z vocational high school students can help them overcome difficulties in achieving career goals and adapting to the ever-changing career context due to the development of Industry 4.0 and the use of technology in the workplace. Parental support perceived by Generation Z vocational high school students significantly contributes to increasing students' career adaptability. This implies that the role of parents is crucial because the higher the parental support, the more students will have the ability to adapt to changing career contexts, especially Generation Z vocational high school students who will experience career transitions into the workforce.

This paper is the research result that aims to describe the entrepreneurial perception and motivation of vocational high school students in Purwokerto. The topic is mainly brought by the increasing unemployment rate in Indonesia and the rise of job competition after the ASEAN Economic Community. Consequently, the vocational education role could necessarily have prepared individuals to acquire the industry’s qualification. However, the system needs to be adequately improved to hone skills while making money. This research design is the quantitative method, using a survey to examine vocational high school students’ entrepreneurial perception and motivation at two state vocational high schools in Purwokerto. The author randomly took the twelfth grader as the sample. To analyze the data, the author used the descriptive method by using frequency distribution to display the frequency of various selection outcomes. The findings show that 77.8 percent of respondents possess a positive entrepreneurial perception. On the other side, 78.8 percent of respondents have high entrepreneurial motivation. Nonetheless, vocational students’ unreadiness still becomes the main roadblock, causing them to choose to look for a job over setting up a business. Strategic action is needed so that they would not only be confident but ready to create opportunities in the job field.

A potentially powerful method of social-scientific data collection and investigation has been created by an unexpected institution: the law. Article 15 of the EU’s 2018 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) mandates that individuals have electronic access to a copy of their personal data, and all major digital platforms now comply with this law by providing users with “data download packages” (DDPs). Through voluntary donation of DDPs, all data collected by public and private entities during the course of citizens’ digital life can be obtained and analyzed to answer social-scientific questions – with consent. Thus, consented DDPs open the way for vast new research opportunities. However, while this entirely new method of data collection will undoubtedly gain popularity in the coming years, it also comes with its own questions of representativeness and measurement quality, which are often evaluated systematically by means of an error framework. Therefore, in this paper we provide a blueprint for digital trace data collection using DDPs, and devise a “total error framework” for such projects. Our error framework for digital trace data collection through data donation is intended to facilitate high quality social-scientific investigations using DDPs while critically reflecting its unique methodological challenges and sources of error. In addition, we provide a quality control checklist to guide researchers in leveraging the vast opportunities afforded by this new mode of investigation.

As a provision for work, vocational high school students are required to have mature work readiness so that they can compete for the desired job. Job readiness for the workforce of vocational high school graduates is influenced by several factors, one of which is self-efficacy. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and work readiness in vocational students. The method used in this research is quantitative method. In this study, the subjects were 323 SMKN students in Padang city. The data collection method in this study used a self-efficacy scale and a work readiness scale. Data analysis techniques using product moment correlation techniques. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a correlation coefficient value of 0.560 and a significance value of 0.000. This shows that there is a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and work readiness in vocational students, meaning that the higher the self-efficacy of a student, the higher the work readiness of vocational high school students.

The main problem in the manufacturing process in vocational schools is the limited number of manufacturing machines for the practical process because the equipment is very expensive. Therefore, the main objective of this activity is to provide training on manufacturing processes both theoretically and experimentally to vocational high school students in Tasikmalaya City. The results of this activity indicate that vocational high school students gain experience and knowledge in operating manufacturing machinery from start to finish.

Although identity research has predominantly focused on college-bound adolescents, it has largely neglected vocational high school students who enter the job market immediately after graduation. Furthermore, most studies have concentrated on personal identity and have overlooked the concurrent development of social identity. This study examined the relationship between adolescents’ personal and social identities over three years of vocational high school. The participants were 4,264 vocational high school students in Japan (Time 1: 46.44% girls; Mage = 15.78). Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, the results indicated that within-person increases in social identity predicted increases in personal identity one year later. These findings highlight the importance of social identity as a valuable resource for personal identity development among vocational high school students, a group underrepresented in identity research.