Формування соціального здоров’я українських підлітків у процесі патріотичного виховання

There is a lack of questionnaires specifically designed to assess social isolation in adolescents. We developed and validated a self-report measure of social isolation in adolescents, the Social Isolation Questionnaire (QIS). A literature review on social isolation and mental health in adolescents indicated 20 questions to form QIS. Two cross-sectional surveys with 48 and 1135 adolescents, respectively, evaluated the reproducibility and validity of QIS. The Bland-Altman plot did not indicate a systematic difference between measurements 15 days apart. Bartlett's sphericity test verified a correlation between the questions and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test showed good adequacy (.896) to the factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis suggested the exclusion of three questions (loading factors <0.3), and eigenvalues (4.9-0.8) indicated that the questionnaire should be composed of three factors (dimensions). The Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency of the 17 questions (0.850 overall; Dimensions: 0.815 'feeling of loneliness'; 0.760 'friendship'; and, 0.680 'Family support'). The QIS score ranged from 0 to 131 (maximum social isolation score). The correlation between QIS and depressive symptoms (r = .543) indicated the construct validity of QIS. We evaluated QIS in the Portuguese version, thus translation and cultural adaptation are necessary to evaluate the questionnaire in other settings. We constructed and validated the QIS questionnaire, a self-administered questionnaire to assess social isolation in adolescents, composed of three dimensions; feelings of loneliness, friendship and family support. The QIS questionnaire seems a very promising tool to support practitioners and researchers in assessing social isolation among adolescents.

Аim - to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific sources on the social health of Ukrainian children and adolescents under martial law as a pressing problem of psychology, medicine and social work. Martial law conditions negatively affect the main aspects of the social health of children and adolescents in Ukraine. The level of social health in the aspect of military actions is determined by negative factors that affect the social health of the child. A low level of social health reflects the inability of children and adolescents to socialize. Social health is not a state of stability. A child, especially in adolescence, cannot have absolute social health. The following components of social health can be defined: interest in the environment; focus on results; empathy; responsibility to others; perception of social reality; adaptation to the environment. War is a social factor influencing modern society. Psychological resistance to dangerous conditions and the ability to preserve one’s own health and life are being formed in children and adolescents. At the same time, negative social trends include an increase in the percentage of Ukrainian children and adolescents suffering from depression, anxiety, mental disorders, and unbalanced behavior. A small group of adolescents perceives war as a very dangerous psychological and social situation. This leads to reckless actions with negative consequences. The impact of war on the social health of Ukrainian children and adolescents is mainly negative. Preservation of social health requires significant efforts by pediatricians, social workers, and teachers. The authors declare the absence of a conflict of interest.

Common symptoms for patients with narcolepsy can have a significant impact on social health. As one peak for symptom onset is adolescence, these symptoms impact social relationships during a critical developmental period. Much of the existing literature in this domain has relied on broad questionnaires, with less insight into the nuances of patients' potential social struggles. Adolescents (aged 12-17 years) with narcolepsy and their parents individually completed a semistructured interview (n = 14 dyads). Interview transcripts were analyzed using a multistage thematic analysis. An overarching theme was the difficulty adolescents experienced trying to balance narcolepsy symptom management with engaging in social activities in a meaningful way. Narcolepsy affected social relationships in 3 primary domains: mood, physical activities, and driving. Adolescents reported that they were frustrated with feeling as though narcolepsy sometimes defined their social lives. Adolescents and parents expressed a desire for medical providers to better understand their evolving priorities, to validate their social limitations, and to provide more information around the social implications of narcolepsy and its treatment. Narcolepsy has a significant impact on social relationships in adolescents, one that is not adequately managed in current clinical care models. A routine, structured assessment of social health is a vital first step for providers treating adolescents with narcolepsy. Medical centers and patient organizations can play an important role in facilitating social opportunities for this underserved population. Zhou ES, Revette A, Heckler GK, Worhach J, Maski K, Owens JA. Building a deeper understanding of social relationship health in adolescents with narcolepsy disorder. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(3):491-498.

The article notes that during the prolonged war, Ukrainian children and adolescents are the most vulnerable group, the consequences of living in conditions of military operations have a prolonged impact on their mental health. It is noted that empirical data devoted the impact of war on the psycho-emotional state and consequences for the mental health of children and adolescents in Ukraine are unsystematic, as well as studies devoted to the mechanisms that ensure the stability and resilience of adolescents in such conditions. The article analyzes the literature on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder among adolescents, in particular among Ukrainian adolescents during the war. In addition, the literature that studies resilience and coping strategies as mechanisms that help cope with difficult life situations is analyzed. The authors present the results of an empirical study of the impact of coping strategies on resilience and anxiety, depression and PTSD in adolescents. The study involved 107 adolescents (29 boys and 78 girls). The “Resilience Scale for Children and Adolescents”, “List of Coping Strategies for Children and Adolescents”, and questionnaires which measure anxiety, depression and PTSD were used. It was found that the level of anxiety, depression and PTSD among girls is significantly higher compared to boys. Almost a third of the respondents have moderate and high levels of anxiety. Some of the respondents have high levels of severity (12.1%) and severe signs of depression (13.1%). 36.4% of the respondents have moderate severity of PTSD symptoms and the same number of adolescents have severe signs of PTSD. A statistically significant relationship between resilience and indicators of anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms was expected. The article analyzes the relationship between coping strategies and resilience and anxiety, depression, and PTSD in adolescents. It is shown that active coping strategies have a statistically significant positive relationship with the resilience index of adolescents and with its dimensions. Avoidance strategies are not related to resilience. At the same time, avoidance strategies have a significant positive relationship with the negative changes in the psycho-emotional state (level of anxiety, depression and PTSD). Support-seeking strategies have significant negative correlations with anxiety and depression. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of coping strategies on the resilience of adolescents, as well as the results of the mediation analysis, which allowed to identify the mechanisms of the impact of coping behavior on the psycho-emotional state of adolescents (anxiety, depression and PTSD), when resilience acted as a mediator of such impact. It is shown that active coping strategies have a statistically significant indirect effect on the studied indicators of the psycho-emotional state of adolescents, reducing them. The conclusions indicate that the prevalence of mental health disorders have about a third of the studied adolescents, who demonstrate moderate or high level of anxiety, depression and PTSD. The level of severity of these signs is significantly higher among girls compared to boys. The level of resilience does not depend on gender and has significant relationships (negative) with anxiety, depression and PTSD. It is noted that adolescents' coping behavior affects the level of resilience and the features of this influence are revealed: active coping strategies (positive rethinking, seeking support for one's actions and feelings) contribute to the growth of resilience. It is emphasized that coping behavior has different mechanisms of influence on the mental health of adolescents: active coping strategies reduce anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder indirectly, through the impact on resilience, and passive coping directly affects the listed indicators, increasing their level. The results obtained create a basis for both further research in this area and for the development of tools for psychological support of adolescents.

The pandemic’s forced social isolation has caused unique symptoms to emerge in adolescents. In an especially vulnerable stage of development, teenagers require more socialization with their peers. Researchers evaluated the effect of physical isolation on adolescents’ mental health through surveys and animal modeling. The main findings of the surveys included a decline in general mental health over the pandemic. Through the animal-based experimental model, researchers found that social isolation correlated with anxiety-related, depression-like, and addictive behaviors. The added factor of social media should also be considered when applying these experimental conclusions to the real world. In this literature review, The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health and Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic were considered. Some limitations of these studies include lack of surveying diverse demographics, and not modeling outside factors such as social media.

Social connection and social isolation are associated with depressive symptoms, particularly in adolescents and young adults, but how these concepts are documented in clinical notes is unknown. This pilot study aimed to identify the topics relevant to social connection and isolation by analyzing 145 clinical notes from patients with depression diagnosis. We found that providers, including physicians, nurses, social workers, and psychologists, document descriptions of both social connection and social isolation.

The momentum to bring adolescents and young adults to center stage in global health and international development is palpable. Adolescents are increasingly seen as a crucial group for the success of the newly adopted Agenda for Sustainable Development [1]. Sitting within the Agenda for Sustainable Development framework, the 2030 Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health has extended the Every Woman, Every Child agenda to adolescence [2]. The strategy articulates the need for adolescent responsive health systems as well as social determinants, a focus that extends to legal and policy environments [3]. Countries seeking to adopt this more holistic approach to adolescent health and human rights must extend their public health efforts beyond the traditional yet still essential focus on HIV and sexual and reproductive health to address other infectious diseases, injuries, undernutrition, violence, self-harm, mental health, and the prevention of risks for noncommunicable diseases.

Social emotional health is essential for adolescents to develop positive competencies both physically and psychologically. Social emotional health is influenced by parental attachment as an external factor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parental attachment on the social emotional health of adolescents as students. This study was conducted at Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang with a total of 185 adolescents who were students in the first semester of 2022. This study used quantitative research methods. This research instrument uses a social emotional health scale compiled by Furlong, et al (2016) called social emotional health higher education while he parental attachment scale made by Armsden and Greenberg (2009) from the IPPA/Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment theory. The results of this study found there was a positive and significant effect of parental attachment on adolescent social emotional health with p = 0.000 and F = 89.986, R square = 0.330. Father's attachment has a contribution to adolescent social emotional health by 15% while mother's attachment to adolescent social emotional health is 18% so that overall parental attachment both father and mother has a contribution to adolescent social emotional health as a student by 33%. It is expected that adolescents can establish an attachment relationship with parents both father and mother to improve positive social emotional health.

Adolescent health has been gaining attention in the past decade (Levine and others 2008; UNICEF 2011; WHO 2014; World Bank 2007). As described by the Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing (Patton, Sawyer, and others 2016), the adolescent years are crucial for the development of human capital. During adolescence, neurocognitive and pubertal maturation interact with the social determinants of health, creating a highly dynamic profile of health as individuals pass from childhood through adolescence and into adulthood (Sawyer and others 2012). During these years, the burden of disease rises, including the burden of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), mental disorders, and injuries. At the same time, new health risks emerge in response to biological maturation (sexual behaviors); marketing of unhealthy products (tobacco; alcohol; foods high in sugar, salt, and fats); and community attitudes, traditions, and values (female genital mutilation, lack of access to secondary education, support for too early marriage, unsafe work practices). Due to the extent of neurocognitive maturation, increasing participation in education and changing social contexts, adolescence is also a time when interventions to improve adolescent health outcomes can expand beyond families or health services to the wider settings in which adolescents learn, participate, and engage. Actions to improve adolescent health are most effective when embedded in contemporary understanding of adolescent development and prevention science (Catalano and others 2012), which underscores the importance of engaging with young people themselves as they become more active agents in their own lives (Patton, Sawyer, and others 2016). Patterns of disease burden and health risk vary widely between countries as they progress through the epidemiological transition. As undernutrition, infectious and vaccine-preventable diseases, HIV/AIDS, and reproductive health needs are brought under control, the burden of road traffic injuries, violence, chronic physical disorders, mental disorders, and substance use becomes more prominent (Patton, Sawyer, and others 2016). Actions to improve health in adolescence need to include a wider range of health concerns in addition to sexual and reproductive health, and they also need to extend beyond treating disorders to addressing their root causes, including poverty and homelessness, lack of education, disability, minority sexual identity, indigenous status, and other causes of social marginalization in adolescents. Following a brief review of the developmental context of adolescent health, this chapter categorizes countries according to their excess burden of disease and then describes six platforms that can be used to deliver health actions to adolescents (ages 10–19 years): health services, schools, media and social marketing, community, mobile health (m-health), and structural actions. The chapter discusses the rationale of these platforms for delivering health treatments for established health issues, for responding to emerging needs, and for preventing future health problems. It also emphasizes the importance of matching actions to health needs, responding to differences between and within countries, and aligning actions across platforms spanning different sectors, including health and education. A key message relates to how knowledge of adolescent development promotes understanding of why different platforms are needed to deliver actions for adolescent health. While the term “action” is used interchangeably with the term “intervention,” action is preferred when describing the need for multicomponent interventions that require more than one platform and interventions that are more distal to the individual. The term “platform” is used to describe the mechanism or infrastructure that is required to deliver actions or interventions (health services, schools, laws). In reading the text, it is important to remember that nearly all of the data and evidence come from studies of programs in high-income countries (HICs). We cannot say with any certainty the extent to which the results presented here apply to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This limitation is a particular challenge in planning and selecting interventions for this age group and emphasizes the need for much more research into the health of adolescents in LMICs. Definitions of age groupings and age-specific terminology used in this volume can be found in chapter 1 (Bundy, de Silva, and others 2017).

The restrictions put in place to contain the COVID-19 virus have led to widespread social isolation, impacting mental health worldwide. These restrictions may be particularly difficult for adolescents, who rely heavily on their peer connections for emotional support. However, there has been no longitudinal research examining the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents’ mental health, and moderators of change, as well as assessing the factors perceived as causing the most distress. Two hundred and forty eight adolescents (Mage = 14.4; 51% girls; 81.8% Caucasian) were surveyed over two time points; in the 12 months leading up to the COVID-19 outbreak (T1), and again two months following the implementation of government restrictions and online learning (T2). Online surveys assessed depressive symptoms, anxiety, and life satisfaction at T1 and T2, and participants’ schooling, peer and family relationships, social connection, media exposure, COVID-19 related stress, and adherence to government stay-at-home directives at T2 only. In line with predictions, adolescents experienced significant increases in depressive symptoms and anxiety, and a significant decrease in life satisfaction from T1 to T2, which was particularly pronounced among girls. Moderation analyses revealed that COVID-19 related worries, online learning difficulties, and increased conflict with parents predicted increases in mental health problems from T1 to T2, whereas adherence to stay-at-home orders and feeling socially connected during the COVID-19 lockdown protected against poor mental health. This study provides initial longitudinal evidence for the decline of adolescent’s mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results suggest that adolescents are more concerned about the government restrictions designed to contain the spread of the virus, than the virus itself, and that those concerns are associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and decreased life satisfaction.

As one of the main characteristics of adolescence is the increased desire for social interaction and formation of meaningful relationships, it represents a particularly vulnerable period for social stressors. Moreover, social isolation during adolescence can significantly alter brain function and increase the likelihood of anxiety disorders in early adulthood. The aim of this retrospective meta-analysis and prospective behavioural experiment was to investigate whether chronic isolation stress during adolescence causes generalised and social anxiety-like behaviour in rodents. The meta-analysis of previously published data showed that social isolation during adolescence leads to an increase in generalised anxiety-like behaviour exclusively in male isolated rodents and has ambiguous effect on social anxiety-like behaviour. In the subsequent prospective experiment, Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were subjected to six weeks of social isolation and their behaviour was investigated in the open field, elevated plus maze, and three-chamber test. Consistent with the retrospective literature analysis, social isolation in adolescence increased generalised anxiety-like behaviour exclusively in males, as indicated by a decrease in time spent in the centre of the open field and open arms of the elevated plus maze, compared to controls. Both male and female isolated rats showed an increase in sociability in the three-chamber test, as indicated by the increase in the preference ratio for social versus neutral stimuli, compared to controls. Altogether, social isolation leads to an increase in generalised anxiety-like behaviour exclusively in males and to increased sociability in both males and females.

Mental Health Care Reforms in Latin America: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Mexico

With the development of social media, cyberbullying has become a new form of bullying behavior that poses a great threat to adolescents' mental health. This study focuses on the relationship between social media and cyberbullying, and reveals the negative effects of cyberbullying on mental health, such as leading to anxiety, depression, or social isolation among adolescents, through different survey data, as well as analyzing the help of social media characteristics on cyberbullying behavior.This study was conducted by selecting 11 existing literature online, focusing on peer-reviewed articles and previous studies on cyberbullying and adolescent mental health. Survey data and qualitative interviews from other studies were analyzed to explore the relationship between social media and bullying behavior, focusing on the role of anonymity and information dissemination in aiding cyberbullying.The anonymity and high dissemination rate characteristics of social media increase the frequency and unknown nature of bullying behavior. Females and economically disadvantaged groups are more vulnerable to cyberbullying. In addition there are obvious deficiencies in the existing laws and policies to deal with cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has a serious impact on adolescents' mental health. Effective interventions, including digital ethics education, parental involvement, and strengthened legal measures, are essential to reduce cyberbullying and protect adolescents' mental and physical health.

This article examines the issues of forming of corporate health, the culture of student health in modern learning conditions, spiritual health and the formation of social health of student youth in higher education institutions in Ukraine today. The main goal of our research is the analysis of the formation of corporate health in higher education institutions in Ukraine in the current period. The level of health and physical development of a young people is an important condition to perform the functions of a future specialist and a healthy lifestyle is a factor in social adaptation. The article examines the main factors influencing the physical activity of students, as well as prospects of joining a healthy lifestyle.&#x0D; The survey of respondents 1-3 was among students of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, in November 2021 to study the opinions of respondents. Post-secondary students were involved in the survey. As a result of the survey, 125 questionnaires were received and completed. The questionnaire contained questions about the state of health, regularity of physical activity, respondents' interest in physical activity and attendance at additional sports sections, comments and suggestions on improving the development of physical culture, availability of additional sports events.&#x0D; As the analysis of scientific literature shows, researches that study social health problems are becoming more and more relevant. At the same time, a significant part of them is dedicated to the social health of the youth, because the development of each individual country and the world as a whole depends on the social and value orientations of the youth, their position, activity and participation in cultural, scientific, political and social life.

Aim This paper synthesises the latest evidence on child and adolescent mental health in South Africa, arguing that early investments therein are essential for breaking the inter-generational cycle of violence, poverty, discrimination, and mental ill-health, and identifying opportunities for intervention and systems-strengthening both within and outside the healthcare system. Method The paper draws on a range of evidence to explore the epidemiology of child and adolescent mental disorder and its social determinants. It emphasises the need to support children and families across the continuum from prevention and early intervention through to specialised mental health services, and examines how to enhance the use of schools and health facilities to support children and families. Findings Fifty per cent of mental disorders have their onset before the age of 14, so it is vital to intervene early in the life-course to promote optimal mental health. An estimated 17% of South Africa’s children have a diagnosable and treatable mental disorder, yet only one in 10 are able to access care, with specialist child and adolescent mental health services being concentrated in a handful of urban centres. Therefore, innovative approaches, such as the Western Cape’s child and adolescent mental health service-strengthening project, are required to bring services and support closer to home. Conclusion Outreach, training and task-shifting have the potential to build the capacity of frontline workers at primary care level and should be rendered with a child- and family-centred approach, including adult services, to focus attention on the vulnerability and care needs of children of parents with mental disorders. It is also essential to strengthen support for children and families through improving access to social assistance, parenting programmes and health-promoting schools.