О некоторых аспектах влияния депрессорных присадок на реологические свойства нефти

Russkoye field lies in the northern part of Western Siberia and has great oil reserves of over 1.3 billion tons. This is a unique field in terms of its complexity for development. Challenges include remote location of the field, surrounded by marshlands, and harsh Arctic climate, thick permafrost layer, heterogeneity and discontinuity of rocks made of poorly consolidated sandstones, presence of a large gas cap and an underlying aquifer, unique rheological properties of oil, high density, viscosity, tendency to form stable foam and emulsions. Combination of all these challenges brought considerable delays in formulation of an optimized field development plan and commissioning program. Accurate measurements of surface flow rates are key requirements for reservoir characterization and production monitoring on any oil field. Oil production rates, gas-oil ratios, water-cut data, physical, chemical and rheological properties of oil are especially critical at the test commercial production phase on wells of the Russkoye field. These data are the basis for monitoring production trends, gas breakthrough from the gas cap and water encroachment from the underlying aquifer, for inflow profiling in horizontal sections, optimizing well performance for enhanced oil recovery, and they allowed for solving primary engineering tasks arising during development and making production prognosis over the field life. As first effects were delivered for test commercial production on Russkoye field, some issues were encountered in collecting accurate and high-quality measurement data that would provide a good repeatability. To find the best solution for well flow rate measurements, attempts were made for some years to use test separators with different metering modules and a multi-phase flowmeter with Venturi tube and two-level gamma gage. All above equipment had been proved and certified. In addition, calibrated test tanks are used in some well pads for fluid rate measurements. The challenges associated with the accuracy of flow rate measurements are caused mainly by unique rheological properties of formation oil, in particular, its high density (940 kg/m3), viscosity at surface conditions (∼700 cP at 15 °C) and its tendency to form stable foam and emulsion. These factors, together with extreme low-temperature environments of the Arctic, forced JSC Tyumenneftegas engineers to look for an alternative engineering solution to achieve accurate flow rate measurements on Russkoye field.

Investigation of rheological properties of oil during the formation of wax deposits

One of the most serious complications in the production, transport and treatment of oil is asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits. Their formation in underground well equipment, as well as in flow lines, collection system pipelines increase the cost of oil production. There are no sufficiently effective reagents to solve these problems. The results of implementation in many other wells testify to the high efficiency of the new reagent. The effect of reagents on the rheological properties of oil was also studied. Sangachal Deniz oil was used as a crude oil sample. We have developed multicomponent and multifunctional reagents M-R, P-R. In addition, due to paraffin formations in the tubing, they had to change 50–60 pipes for new ones every month. As a result of the introduction of M-R reagents, no paraffin deposits were found in the tubing for almost a year The effect of these reagents on the pour point of oils, dispersion, dissolution, and paraffin deposition has been studied. The use of the new reagent was tested at the mines of the oil and gas production department (OGPD) "28 May". The results of implementation in many other wells testify to the high efficiency of the new reagent. The effect of reagents on the rheological properties of oil was also studied. Sangachal Deniz oil was used as a crude oil sample. The proposed three-parameter Herschel-Bulkley model can be used to assess the rheological parameters of oils during their transportation. This layer, of course, cannot thicken indefinitely. Highly effective multicomponent composite compositions were developed to combat complications in the production of high-asphaltene-resin-paraffin oils. As can be seen from, during the reagent dosing period, there were no particular changes in the well performance. Treatment with hot oil on certain days was, as it were, of a preventive nature, since no changes were observed in the well parameters before and after heat treatment. When a certain layer thickness is formed in the tubing, the linear velocity of oil increases and begins to wash it away

The effect of pour point depressants on crude oil properties is critical for ensuring smooth operations and efficient transportation. This paper presents experimentally determined characteristics of two high waxy crude oils from the Western region of Ukraine: Dolyna and Boryslav. The study demonstrates that selecting optimal additives can significantly enhance low-temperature properties, reducing the pour point and improving flowability. The selection process for depressant additives is justified, and their comparative characteristics are discussed. Considering efficiency, cost, and availability on the Ukrainian market, the depressant additives of Dodiflow brand manufactured by Clariant company and the depressant additive Rena 2210 of domestic production (Halychyna company) were chosen for the study. Among the Dodiflow variants, Dodiflow 5236 and Dodiflow 5773 exhibited the highest depressant effects for Dolyna and Boryslav high waxy oils, reducing the pour point by 15–210C at consumptions of up to 1000 ppm. The highest depressant effect of Rena 2210 additive (the pour point of oils with the additive decreased by 8–110C) was achieved only at its consumption of 1000 ppm. Further studies will investigate the effect of the most effective depressant additives on the rheological properties of oils from the Western region of Ukraine.

The main physical and chemical properties of crude oil from the Samburgskoe and Yaro-Yahinskoe oil fields were determined. It was shown that oil from the Samburgskoe oil fields has paraffin and few resinous, oil from Yaro-Yahinskoe oil fields has high content of paraffin and few resinous, has high temperature of freezing. In the production and transportation of oil under consideration have problems associated with deposition of asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits (ARPD) for oilfield equipment. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to find effective method to prevent deposition ARPD. The most promising method of preventing deposition ARPD this is inhibition paraffins. Complex researches on definition the effectiveness of inhibitors of oil by cold finger was carried for the selection of paraffin inhibitors. The experiment was attended by 18 inhibitors ARPD, for each field is picked up five reagents. Research of the rheological characteristics of oils Samburgskoe oil field revealed, that oil preserves its flowability at relatively low temperatures, because oil gelling temperature is -9 °C. However, since the temperature saturation of paraffin oil is high 31°C, the need to use paraffin inhibitor becomes relevant for regulation paraffin deposition in the wells and to prevent paraffin deposits in pipelines. The pour point of the oil Yaro-Yahinskoe oil fields is 10 °C, it means that below this temperature, the oil is suspended solid. From the list of inhibitors which have shown high efficacy, compounds were identified that have depressant properties, in order to further assess their impact on the rheological properties of oils.

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the rheological properties of oil well cement slurries. The slurries were prepared by using Class G oil well cement with a water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.44 and incorporating three different chemical admixtures, including a new-generation polycarboxylate-based high-range water-reducing admixture (PCH), polycarboxylate-based midrange water-reducing admixture (PCM), and lingosulphonate-based midrange water-reducing admixture (LSM). The rheological properties were investigated at different temperatures in the range of 23 to 60°C by using an advanced shear-stress/shear-strain controlled rheometer. A back-propagation neural network was designed and trained by using the experimental flow curves. The shear rate, dosage of admixture, and test temperature were considered as input parameters, and the measured shear stress was the output parameter. The trained ANN was not only capable of accurately predicting the shear flow used for its training, but c...

Effects of Electromagnetic Treatment on Rheological Properties of Oil: Experiment and Application

In this study, an artificial intelligence model has been developed to predict the rheological properties of oil well cement (OWC) slurries incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) such as metakaolin (MK), silica fume (SF), rice husk ash (RHA) or fly ash (FA). An experimental study has been carried out to create the database used for training the model. OWC slurries having a water-to-binder ratio of 0·44 along with a new-generation, polycarboxylate-based, high-range water-reducing admixture (PCH) were prepared. They had 5 to 15% partial replacement of API class-G OWC by MK, SF, RHA or FA. The rheological properties of the slurries were investigated at different temperatures in the range 23 to 60°C using an advanced shear-stress/shear-strain controlled rheometer. Experimental data thus obtained were used to develop a predictive model based on feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural networks. The developed model could effectively predict the effect of key variables such as temperature, dosage of SCM and dosage of PCH on the rheological properties of OWC slurries with an absolute error of less than 7%. The developed model could also effectively predict the rheological properties of new slurries designed within the range of input parameters of the experimental database used in the training process.

Thermal-hydraulic calculations of technological modes of pumping play an important role in the selection of economically optimal and safe modes of oil transportation through main pipelines This is especially true for non-isothermal pipelines and abnormal oil of complex rheology. Urgent task is testing methods of improving of high-paraffinic and high viscosity oil rheological properties by physical-chemical influences. In this paper an attempt is made to apply software package Schlumberger PIPESIM to calculate the friction loss and temperature drop in non-isothermal main pipeline. As an example, the main pipeline Transneft-North Usa-Ukhta was chosen. It is shown that such a complex can be used to evaluate the thermal and hydraulic losses on the real line, although further investigation are required in order to achieve a satisfactory agreement between the calculated and actual data. In the paper the hydraulic friction losses and losses on the local resistance in the flow of oil through the tube laboratory bench are also calculated. This lab scale tubing installation was created in Ukhta State Technical University to investigate the influence of physical fields and chemical agents on the rheological properties of high-viscosity and high-paraffinic oils of Timan-Pechora oil-gas province. It is supposed to treat of oil pipe flow by ultrasound and magnetic fields, adding depressants, and by thermal heating.

The effect of a vibrational treatment on the rheological properties of highly structured oil disperse systems is studied. A maximal decrease in the rheological parameters is observed after 20-min vibrational treatment for paraffin-rich and highly resinous oils and after 5-min treatment for mazut. The vibrational treatment is shown to be the most effective for oils with an increased content of paraffins. It is revealed that the magnetic treatment decreases the congelation temperature of oil.

Modern European and Scandinavian countries have advanced very far in the development and application of alternative energy sources. The goal of all modern developments is quality improvement and reducing production costs. The precedent of increasing tariffs for utilities is one of the main problems, so there is a need to create non-volatile, autonomous systems that will be controlled and managed remotely. The creation of combined systems that can operate remotely and independently of direct energy resources will lead to a significant increase in the level of protection from the instability of temperature fluctuations and differences in the electrical network. The present invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to methods and apparatus for generating heat generated differently from combustion of fuel, and can be used in a heating and hot water supply system for residential and industrial premises, as well as for preheating and improving the rheological properties of oil and petroleum products. The presence of sensors in this system allows to monitor, regulate and signal its status, and also allows to set the necessary parameters

Investigating the rheological properties of light crude oil and the characteristics of its emulsions in order to improve pipeline flow

This study examined the physical and chemical properties of engine oil with a submicron-sized carbon particle lubricant mixture. Spherical carbon particles were added to engine oil to lower the friction and wear losses. In the current study, morphological and chemical analyses of these carbon particles were performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results clearly demonstrated that these spherical particles consist of a pure carbon element. In addition, the size distribution and dispersion stability of the carbon particles in the engine oil were investigated. The results revealed that the carbon particles have a diameter in the range of 200 to 700 nm, and they maintain their suspension in the engine oil for about 240 hours without using surfactants. Rheological studies were conducted to explore the effect of carbon particles on the rheological properties of the baseline oil at different temperatures and shear rates. The viscosity measurements, at temperature ranging from 5 to 60 °C, for the baseline oil and the oil-carbon particle lubricant mixture were almost identical (less than 4 % difference). Furthermore, a wettability analysis was performed to examine the effect of carbon particles on the wetting behavior of the baseline oil on a steel substrate.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the rheological properties of aviation lubricating oil under conditions of heavy load, high speed and high temperature and the applicability of the classical rheological model under severe conditions. Design/methodology/approach A Chinese aviation lubricating oil was used and its traction curves were obtained using a new two-disk tribotester. Its rheological parameters were calculated based on empirical formulae. Moreover, the traction force was calculated based on the classical Eyring rheological model. Findings The traction curves are obtained with respect to contact pressure, temperature and rolling speed. The rheological parameters are significantly influenced by environmental factors, especially viscosity. The traction force calculated using the Eyring model is consistent with the experimental results. Originality/value A novel two-disk tribotester was designed using a gas bearing and speed–force closed-loop control to ensure measurement accuracy. The mechanism of rheological properties was analyzed and the applicability of the classical rheological model under severe conditions was verified. It provided an experimental and theoretical basis for expanding the application of classical rheological models under extreme conditions.

An analysis of the rheological properties of various oils and their formulations with selected rheological additives (Visconyl‐200 and ECA‐6911) was performed. Base oils (OS and OU) obtained on a large laboratory scale were the primary subject of the investigation. They were produced according to classical and modified base oil technologies. The modification introduced an additional process of mild oxidation of atmospheric residue before vacuum distillation. Other oils, such as aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons separated from the OS and OU oils, as well as oil fractions (1S–5S and 1U‐5U) obtained from the base oils by vacuum distillation, have also been investigated.Using the rheological properties determined for the distillate oil fractions formulated with the Visconyl and ECA additives, the empirical formulae describing the dependence of kinematic viscosity v50, c and v100, c and of the pour point of the compositions, on the basic physico‐chemical properties of the base oils, and on the type and concentration of additive, have been found. The theoretical viscosity index values of the oil compositions were also characterised indirectly by using the empirical formulae describing kinematic viscosities of the compositions at 50 and 100°C. The formulae obtained were successfully tested with several selected base oils.