Физико-акустическое пространство в музыке композиторов второй половины ХХ века

This paper discusses my recent erhu solo project Fireworks which is a musical analogue that I analyse using Chuang Tzu’s blurred aesthetics to investigate a musical space between determinacy and indeterminacy in Chinese national music. What is particularly interesting to me about this blurred musical space is that it is not polarised around an idea of ‘the invisible’ or ‘the indefinable’ as pure negative space but can be perceived in a more graduated area between positive and negative, fixed and unstable. Behind this concept of musical space is the creation of an ‘interpenetrated’ identity, a fluctuating boundary between opposing qualities, or the subject’s and object’s identities. In seeking to find structural analogues congruent with the concept of the blur, the challenges and focus of this work rely upon the architecture of ambivalent states, which include string timbre and frequency, the relations of determinacy-indeterminacy, space and spacing architecture, performative indeterminacy and fragments, and silence. This focus of this research into a musical engagement with blurred aesthetics has allowed me to examine how I might approach musical structure, specifically by the framing of events or phenomena, and by expanding my musical language and creative ideas.

The anthropological turn in the system of cultural and musicological reflection determines the transformation of the image of man in the culture of the XX century. The ontological and phenomenological dimensions of the presentation of a person in the media space are changing. If the semiological turn was defined as a movement of structuralist and post-structuralist studies, and the visual turn is associated with the transformation of visual practices, the emergence of a certain visual environment, then the anthropological turn in music touches on the deep psycho-physiological foundations of the formation of a musical image. The purpose of the article is to determine the cultural characteristics of these turns as an aesthetic and anthropological phenomenon. The methodology is presented with comparative and systemic approaches, which makes it possible to determine the integrity of performance in music as a meta-cultural and meta-artistic integrity. The scientific novelty. The anthropological turn occurs as a systemogenesis of cultural paradigms. Systemogenesis is the uneven development of system components (subsystems). A person as a cultural phenomenon can be considered as a system, albeit in a certain context, from a certain point of view. Systemogenesis of reflection as an anthropological turn characterizes the change of the image of a person in different realities of reflection — philosophical, cultural, and art. These paradigms, in fact, musical, creative, and artistic become ecological, because they are lifesaving in terms of preserving the integrity of a person, culture, in particular musical and performing culture. The anthropological turn indicates the artist-performer behind the realization of the musical space, music as the integrity of culture. Semiological is related to notation systems, information transmission and understanding of music as a symbolic phenomenon. The visual turn characterizes the communicative aspects of performance in musical culture as a whole. The results. Cultural genesis in performance is a system genesis of paradigms dominated by either a symbiotic or a monistic paradigm, focused on authenticity, creativity, deconstruction, decomposition, etc. All this can be noted as paradigms of creativity in general. The integrity of the modeling of the modern musical space is being formed, in particular a genetic algorithm with all the properties of sound and other configurations of a synthetic vision of an artistic image. The practical significance of the article. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that practicing musicians and musicologists join the modern cultural reflection focused on the ecosystem approach. In particular, performing activities in music are oriented both on the anthropological constants of the performer and on preserving the traditions of national performing schools. In post-classical musical cultural studies, performing activity is interpreted as a certain systemogenesis. The creation of new systems of performing culture arises as a self-sufficient synthesis based on an appeal to the origins of national musical culture, and the entire corpus of problems of performing art is presented in the context of premodern, modern and postmodern types of reflection.

認知心理學是一門研究認知及行為背後之心智處理的心理科學，這門科學包含了廣泛的研究議題，包括記憶、注意力、感知、知識表徵、推理、創造力……。本文以客家戲《喜脈風雲》、《大宰門》為例，說明戲曲音樂中的三項認知原理：(1)音樂素材的重覆使用可導致促發效應，有助於戲劇的鋪墊。(2)音樂的速度能影響觀眾的交感神經系統，速度的突然切換則可強化諷諭效果。(3)「亂彈、採茶兩下鍋」的曲調取材便於形塑不同的角色，而唱腔旋律的細節錘鍊則是表達角色情感的關鍵。

The process by which people acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate is known as language learning. The present study aimed at assessing whether intralingual subtitling can be used to effectively improve on the learning of English language by French speaking Cameroonian students in the country. It involved exposing French speaking students to a film without subtitles over a period of two weeks during which they viewed the film six times and subsequently to the same film with English intralingual subtitles over the same period and length of time. Prior to the exercise the students underwent a diagnostic test which was aimed at evaluating their level of the English language which was an essential component in the subtitling of the film. The students then underwent pre and post tests after viewing the film without and with the subtitles respectively. Analysis of the results of these tests using statistical methods (t-test and ANOVA) showed an improvement in their language elements namely: comprehension, vocabulary, word formation, sentence structure, sound speech, meaning, and usage depending on the context. The improvement average mark increased from 9.5/20 in the pre-test to 12.0/20 in the post-test, thereby confirming the fact that students can effectively improve on language learning through the use of intralingual subtitling which can therefore be considered as an important tool of audiovisual translation. Key words: Audiovisual translation, linguistic elements, language learning, language teaching, French speaking students.

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively consider the possibilities of using information technology in pedagogy as a means of increasing students’ learning motivation, as well as to identify the psychological and pedagogical conditions under which digital tools can enhance cognitive interest, maintain internal motivation and ensure higher involvement of schoolchildren in the educational process. The methodological basis of the research consists of systematic, activity-based and personality-oriented approaches that allow us to consider motivation as a multilevel phenomenon that develops depending on the nature of learning activities and the educational environment. The paper uses methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature, comparative comparison of traditional and digital forms of education, as well as generalization of modern pedagogical practices, which makes it possible to identify the key mechanisms of motivational impact of information technologies and determine the most effective forms of their application in the educational process. The scientific novelty of the article lies in clarifying the content of the motivational potential of digital educational tools by identifying the relationship between interactivity, individualization, the nature of feedback and the development of internal learning motivation, as well as in systematizing pedagogical conditions that ensure the sustainable motivational effect of technology in school education. The practical significance of the research is determined by the fact that the formulated conclusions and provisions can be used by teachers and administrators of educational organizations when designing lessons and educational programs using digital resources, as well as when developing methodological recommendations aimed at increasing student motivation and preventing its decline in the context of digitalization of education.

The focus of this thesis is the performance of African diasporic identities through a unique theatre emerging from the second and third generations of peoples and communities of the African Diaspora in Britain. The politics, the dynamics, articulation and representation of these identities on the British stage, forms a major part of this investigation, which also goes beyond the stage to comment on British society itself. The discipline of theatre and performance are appropriate vehicles to research the notion of African diasporic identity because they continue to be an essential part of any nation’s cultural discourse on who, what and why they are. Nadine Holdsworth argues that theatre at a basic level is: intrinsically connected to nation because it enhances “national” life by providing a space for shared civil discourse… Theatre as a material, social and cultural practice, offers the chance to explore histories, behaviours, events and preoccupations in a creative communal realm that opens up potential for reflection and debate. (2010, p. 6) The relationship between the current context of Britain and an emotional or physical link to Africa or the Caribbean and the negotiations that characterize that relationship underpin the examination of the constantly shifting diasporic identities in this study. The theatre coming from these African diaspora communities is exhibiting characters on the British stage that are a reflection of African diasporic individuals who are no longer agreeing to be confined to the margins of society by claiming their rightful place in the public domain, in the centre themselves. The theatre is reflecting that by beginning to move outside the confines of the margins. This investigation looks at a spectrum of African diasporic dramatists and theatre companies, examining how they use the theatre to explore the complex, multifaceted and subtly layered identities that the African in the diaspora has become, whilst revealing whether the current prominence of African diasporic dramatists in the mainstream is only perceived or confirm that indeed African diasporic identity has claimed the space to articulate being ‘here’ and also relating to ‘there.'

The author’s aim is to study some structural and language elements applied in the work Trio for violin, clarinet and baritone by Oleg Negruța. Following the detailed analysis of the creation Trio for violin, clarinet and piano by O. Negruța, we point out that the given work consists of three contrasting parts according to the tempo Allegro con fuoco-Andante cantabile-Allegro vivace, in which the author is based on the tradition of classical and romantic music harmoniously combined with elements of the folkloric musical language. We can say that in part I, the direction of classical music prevails – language elements, form, tonal plane, etc. In general, part II stands out for its cantability, positive emotions, with a meditative, melancholic, narrative character and folklore influences in the middle section. The finale is traditionally festive, energetic, lavish, and in dance-style, in which classical elements combined with folk elements are present. The trio attracts with its clarity, simplicity and determines the specificity of the master's compositional writing.

This study is intended to investigate the perceptions of South Asian LIS community towards open source software (OSS) adoption in libraries by adopting a quantitative research design. An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted to reach the geographically dispersed population in the vast region of South Asia. A Likert-type scale with 20 items was designed to collect data. A total of 190 responses were gathered from four countries, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-Test, and ANOVA were used to draw conclusions. Attention was given to two independent variables: organization type (public/private sector), and library type (academic/public/special). The overall results suggested that respondents had positive perceptions towards OSS adoption in libraries. However, the results of the t-Test and ANOVA indicated that ‘organization type’ and ‘library type’ were insignificant factors, as there were no significant differences of perceptions found among the respondents on the basis of ‘organization type’ or ‘library type’.

Although Taiji Boxing is an outdoor activity with a long history, it is still popular in urban parks of China nowadays. Studying the relation between space perception and physical components from the viewpoint of Taiji Boxing, a frequent activity with a fixed site, will benefit park design and management. This study selected ten Taiji Boxing sites in two comprehensive urban parks. Physical components of these sites were measured and the users’ perception was also surveyed by SD method. Through Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis, the findings suggest that there are four factors expressing the site perception of Taiji Boxing: relaxation, aesthetics, calmness and naturalness. Furthermore, the relations between the four perception factors and the physical components of Taiji Boxing space are made clear: length of the site sides facing water bodies impacts on the perception of relaxation; width of path impacts on the perception of aesthetics; length of sitting places and tree covering ratio in order impact on the perception of calmness; trees covering ratio, width of path and length of sitting places in order impact on the perception of naturalness.

Objective To investigate the capacity of medical postgraduates’ ethical analysis and the method of quantitative statistical analysis about bioethical case. Methods The ethical issues raised in uterine transplantation was taken into consideration. Self-designed questionnaire and quantitative statistical method is used to codify and analyze 340 medical postgraduates’ written response about ethical perception of the uterine transplantation. Results There were 72.4%(246/340)students who held the supportive attitude toward the uterus transplantation, and had better understood about the ethical principles such as informed consent, max-benefit and min-risk. Logistic multivariate analysis found that the object who had realized the benefits of uterine transplantation and a higher degree of awareness about similar transplant was more likely to support the case. However, those who had the awareness of the probable risks during surgery were more likely to be opposed to it. Conclusions The investigated medical postgraduates had the basic level of ethical perception, meanwhile further improve was essential. Quantitative analysis was accurate method to evaluate medical students’ ethical ability, and provided scientific basis for the teaching improving. However, further exploration of the measurement tools was necessary in the future. Key words: Ethical perception; Ethical argument; Informed consent; Quantitative evaluation; Uterine transplantation

The purpose of this study was to explore the interaction effects of visitors' moral emotions and their perception of defensible space on flower picking in national forest recreation areas. Moral emotions consist of guilt, embarrassment, and shame. Perceived defensible space is composed of perceived environmental image, traces of occupancy, and symbolic barriers. Self-reported data were collected from 237 visitors to the Kenting National Forest Recreation Area and 266 visitors to the Tengjhih National Forest Recreation Area through a questionnaire on moral emotions, perceived defensible space, and flower picking. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis and slope analysis of the response functions. The results indicated an interference interaction effect of moral emotions and perceived defensible space on flower picking. Specifically, the results pointed out that visitors’ moral emotions were not significantly related to flower picking if they perceived the defensible space of the area as more obvious, but their moral emotions significantly influenced flower picking if they perceived the defensible space of the area as less obvious. Perceived defensible space was not significantly related to flower picking among visitors with higher moral emotions, but the perceived defensible space significantly influenced flower picking among visitors with lower moral emotions. Implications of the results are further discussed in the study.

Objective To understand the status quo of shared leadership and identity perception among male nurses, and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods By convenient sampling, a total of 210 male nurses from 6 ClassⅢ hospitals in Zhejiang Province were investigated with Shared Leadership Questionnaire and Perceived Insider Status Scale from August to September 2017. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between shared leadership and identity perception. A total of 210 questionnaires were distributed, and 204 valid questionnaires were collected. Results The scores of shared leadership and identity perception of these male nurses were (59.86±11.45) and (17.69±4.59) respectively, and there was a positive correlation between the two (r=0.271, P<0.05) . Conclusions The level of shared leadership and identity perception of male nurses is lower than middle level, and shared leadership level affected their identity perception level. It is suggested that hospital managers take measures to ensure that male nurses share leadership level in order to improve their level of identity perception and promote the retention and development of male nurses. Key words: Nurses, male; Identity perception; Shared leadership; Correlation

To assess patient recall of intraoperative pain, anxiety, fear, and sensory (visual and auditory) perceptions during second eye clear corneal cataract surgery using assisted topical anaesthesia (ATA), in comparison with first eye cataract surgery using the same technique. This prospective, consecutive, observational study was conducted in a free-standing dedicated ophthalmic day surgery centre. A voluntary questionnaire was distributed to 129 consecutive patients who underwent clear corneal cataract surgery using ATA. Two patients had to be converted to block anaesthesia, and were excluded. Patients were asked to rate intraoperative pain, anxiety, and fear using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and recollection of intraoperative visual and auditory perceptions. Results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests. There were 70/127 (55%) patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery and 57/127 (45%) undergoing second eye surgery. There was no significant difference in mean pain, anxiety, and fear scores between those undergoing the second eye operation compared with those undergoing their first eye operation. Similarly, there was no significant difference in sensory perceptions between the two cohorts. Overall, there was a small but significant positive correlation between recall of visual and auditory perceptions and combined pain, fear, and anxiety scores (r=0.33, P=0.0002). There was no significant difference in levels of intraoperative pain, anxiety, fear, and sensory perceptions experienced by patients between the first eye and second eye surgeries. We recommend that preoperative counselling for a patient's second eye be as comprehensive as for the first eye surgery.

This paper discusses the concept of safety and its relation to travel at a basic psychological level, and explores its relation to the motivation to or fear of travel, with special emphasis on flying anxiety for air transportation. The increasing prevalence of international travel and its impact on global socio-politics and economics is emphasized, along with how air transportation plays the dominant role in this context. It is pointed out that, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, safety is a psychological need that supercedes all needs except the basic physiological needs of food and water. However, the travel industry currently treats comfort, convenience, economy, exotic destination, peer esteem, etc, as primary travel motivators or inhibitors. It is thus suggested that corporate or national travel profitability can be enhanced by proper treatment of general safety and fear of flying. A travel decision-planning algorithm for itinerary arrangement, especially for international self-planning travelers, is considered. Possibilities regarding travel safety and promotion are discussed. Finally, the perceptions and attitudes of the public in Taiwan toward air travel safety are investigated and analyzed via questionnaire.

Heroic pastoral and its national-style reception IN THE CANTATA “YELLOW RIVER” BY XIAN XINGHAI