Моделювання змінення цін на стандартні номери в польських готелях (Краків)

With the booming development of global tourism, the hotel industry, as an important part of it, is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This paper aims to discuss the important role of information technology in construction and management innovation in promoting the development of the hotel industry and its implementation strategy. Firstly, the main contents of hotel industry informationization construction are systematically elaborated, and the hotel industry informationization service platform is constructed. Then, it explores the prioritization of customer needs through questionnaire survey, tests the reliability of the scale by using Cronbach’s α coefficient, conducts validity test by using KMO test and Bartlett’s sphere test, and carries out the analysis of the importance of needs based on Kano model. Finally, the innovative strategy for managing information technology in the hotel industry is proposed. Brand trust and hotel network quality possess the maximum value of 69.07% and the minimum value of 28.42% of the Better value, respectively, which indicates that brand trust has the highest increase in customer satisfaction, while in the case of hotel network can be used stably, the customer’s satisfaction rises the least. The |Worse| values of 21.65% and 70.97% for brand trust and room tidiness are the smallest and the largest among all variables respectively, which indicates that the decrease in satisfaction is greatest in the absence of brand trust, i.e., users are more tolerant of hotels with no name recognition as compared to name-branded hotels, and the decrease in customer satisfaction is greatest in the presence of unclean rooms in hotels. Strategies are proposed to offer both theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable development of the hotel industry.

Using the hedonic pricing theory, this study investigates the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and hotel room rates in Yangon, Myanmar. Using a dataset of 168 hotels from Yangon, we examined how FDI influences hotel room rates for weekdays and weekends. Our analysis employs the Log-Linear OLS regression model, by using affiliation to a chain, size of hotels, hotel stars rating, service provided by the hotels, location of the hotels, presence of the online, and online customer review ratings on Agoda, Booking.com, Trip.com, and Expedia. We find that FDI has a positive correlation with hotel room rates in Yangon. However, the increase was not statistically significant, suggesting that other factors might be playing a more prominent role in influencing hotel room prices. The analysis also revealed hotel star ratings have a stronger influence on hotel room prices. Higher-rated stars hotels have higher room rates, this effect is mediated by hotel attributes, such as amenities and service quality. The results also highlight the importance of online customer reviews, particularly on Booking.com, in influencing hotel pricing decisions. Despite the lack of a definitive link, this research contributes to the ongoing discussion on the economic impacts of FDI in developing countries. The findings highlight the need for further studies to explore the influence of other factors alongside FDI. Additionally, future research with a larger data set, a focus on specific types of FDI, or a longer time frame could potentially provide a clearer picture of the relationship between FDI and hotel room rates in Yangon. These insights can inform policies that promote sustainable tourism growth in Yangon while considering both tourism development and affordability in the hotel sector.

The purpose of this study is to measure the revenue efficiency, and to examine the determinants in the the hotel business, In the first-stage estimation equation of the revenue function, the hotel room price and non-regular workers showed a positive (+) relationship with the revenue, while the subsidiary facility price and regular workers showed a negative (-) relationship. In the second-stage estimation of revenue inefficiency, it was found that the local room share (LRS) and the room usage rate (RU) had a positive (+) effect on the revenue efficiency, while the room revenue ratio (RRR) had a negative (-) effect. In order to improve revenue efficiency in the future, it is necessary to increase the local room share (LRS) and the room usage rates(RU), and the number of users for auxiliary facilities. In particular, in preparation for Covid 19, the convenience, comfort, and safety of hotels preferred by Korean custermers should be rechecked. In addition, hotel rooms, facilities and services will have to be reorganized.

Business travelers play a significant role in the hotel industry. Considering the growing market size of business travelers and the lack of understanding of the rapidly changing needs of today’s business travelers, this study examines attributes that optimize business travelers’ experiences during their hotel stays. A self-administered, open-ended online survey was conducted from business travelers. Results from content analysis identify key themes that contribute to business travelers’ happy and productive experiences. The hotel room atmospherics, food & beverage, and hotel room amenities are viewed as important attributes for business travelers’ happy experience, whereas tangible hotel service, hotel room amenities, and hotel room atmospherics are viewed as key attributes for their productive experience during their business trips. Results suggest implications for enhancing business travelers’ experience design strategy.

This study investigates differential hedonic pricing in relation to the choice of different hotel room views and floors and attempts to find out the determinants of respondents' willingness-to-pay (WTP) based on the their sociodemographics, psychological inclinations, and other travel-related variables. The findings reveal significant differences between WTP amounts among hotel rooms with five different views. More specifically, this study found significant differences between WTP amounts for rooms on the 1st floor compared to those on the highest floor (20th floor) in a hotel. The results supported the rationale for setting up specific hedonic pricing strategies by hotel managers. Importantly, some significant determinants were obtained in predicting WTP amounts, providing a better understanding of how differential pricing strategies may be applied in the hotel industry.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the modern state and problems of insurance of active recreation and extreme types of tourism in the market of insurance services of Ukraine and develop measures to improve them. The study used methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, and the method of generalization. In order to rank insurance companies in accordance with their attractiveness to customers for insurance of active recreation and extreme tourism, the authors proposed criteria and developed their own methods of carrying out the estimation of the companies. The market for active and extreme tourism is developing quite rapidly. Tourists who prefer active and extreme recreation are a high-risk group, and tourist safety is a top priority and depends on quality insurance. The share of insurance companies in Ukraine going in for travel insurance is about 10% of their total. The conducted study of insurance services in the sphere of tourism indicates the following features of this market in Ukraine: the lack of insurance packages for active recreation and extreme tourism in the packages of individual companies; the lack of a unified regulatory approach to classification of tariff packages and the attribution to them of certain types of tourism; high cost of insurance services and the presence of restrictions in insurance of certain extreme types of tourism. The authors selected the criteria when ranking insurance companies in the extreme tourism insurance sector: availability of transparent policy programs to insure active recreation and extreme tourism, availability and adequacy of pricing policy, customer comments, economic indices of companies’ activities. One of the priority ways to develop insurance services in this sector is the introduction of European insurance practice for specialized types of active and extreme tourism through the activities of tourist clubs and associations that will attract a wide. The article for the first time analyzes in detail the problems of insurance of active recreation and extreme tourism in the market of insurance services of Ukraine, offers its own approaches to the methods of rating insurance companies in the field of active recreation and extreme tourism. The present international experience in providing similar insurance services is described and the ways of its implementation in Ukraine are considered. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the conducted assessment of the insurance market of active and extreme tourism can be used at different levels from local to national, in particular: when choosing travel insurance packages for both individuals and tour operators or travel agents; to improve insurance packages by insurance companies of Ukraine; public organizations, associations promoting the development of active and extreme tourism; to improve insurance policy at the state level.

Why are hotel room prices different? Exploring spatially varying relationships between room price and hotel attributes

The purpose of the article is to study the world experience of applying digital technologies in the activities of hotel and restaurant facilities in the context of digitalization of society and the prospects for their transition to digital management. The article explores the process of introducing digital technologies into the service sector, in particular the HoReCa sphere. It is proved that the implementation of the paradigm of the digital economy involves a deep restructuring of business models and business processes of hotel and restaurant enterprises. The analysis of the essence of the concept of «digitalization» is carried out. It is proved that the modern hotel and restaurant business largely depends on Internet technologies as the main instrument for increasing competitiveness. One of the most effective instruments for promoting the services of the hospitality industry is social networks. An aggregate of conditions indicating the need to use digital technology for the successful promotion of services of hotel and restaurant business enterprises in the market is described. The article carries out an analysis of the most advanced digital technologies that are being introduced into the field of hospitality: agency interfaces, blockchain technologies, robotics, augmented reality technologies, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), 5G, smart cities, and other platforms. The use of digital technologies allows the consumer to achieve the formation of a unique experience along with unforgettable impressions, and the hotel and restaurant industry – to get regular consumers, profits and ensure competitiveness in the service market. It is proved that an increase in the level of digitalization leads to an increase in the country’s economic indicators. The use of digital technologies in the hotel and restaurant business is characterized as a transformation from the digitalization of individual business tasks and processes to the digital transformation of the entire business. Prospects for further research in this direction is to determine the economic effect of the use of digital technologies, study the problems of their implementation in the hotel and restaurant industry, the further development of the hospitality industry.

The aim of this paper is to assess the expectations of hotel guests in relation to the services offered by the hotel. For the purpose of this research, data on 6,768 hotels located in 47 capital cities in Europe were collected from the website www.booking.com. We have used all information available on the website regarding the hotels chosen on the basis of previously specified criteria, including ratings given by the registered users. The methods of partial correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were then conducted. Research results indicate that the number of stars is the most important factor that influences overall customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. We find that room price, the presence of air-conditioning in rooms, lobby bar, and free Wi-Fi are variables that positively correlate with customer satisfaction, whereas the number of rooms in hotel and distance from the city center are negatively correlated with customer satisfaction.

The article presents the analysis of scientific research and determines some key guidelines of normative and legal regulation of our country’s hospitality industry at the current stage of its development. It was ascertained that the hospitality sector is a complex of industries whose main task is serving tourists during their stay outside their permanent place of residence. The hospitality sector, according to definitions by leading specialists in the field of tourism economics, includes the hotel and restaurant business, transport service enterprises, and the entertainment sector. The hotel sector in the structure of the hospitality industry performs key functions, as it offers consumers a range of services, in the formation and implementation of which all sectors and elements of the hospitality industry participate. Thus, it is appropriate to distinguish the hotel industry as the most complex component of the hospitality industry. The meaning of the concepts of «hotel business», «hotel industry» is associated with the economic activities of specialized enterprises that offer their own services on a commercial basis and provide traveling customers with the necessary conditions for accommodation and meals. In a competitive hospitality services market, the desire of enterprises to obtain the highest profit and the growing solvency of service consumers encourage hotel businesses to provide not only accommodation and meals, but necessitate the expansion of the scope of additional and related services. This enriches the meaning of the concept of «hotel business» and expands the scope of activity of hotel enterprises that provide services not only of their own production, but also of related industries. The development of the hotel industry requires the creation of certain favorable legal regulations. Taking into account international requirements for the quality of hotel services, numerous industry regulatory documents need to be updated. The Law of Ukraine «On Tourism» provides for licensing of tour operator activities (Article 17) and standardization in the field of tourism activities (Article 18). Therefore, in our opinion, licensing and certification procedures should play a key administrative role in state regulation, the use of which will contribute to improving the work of hotel industry enterprises, improving the quality of hotel services, and ensuring their comprehensiveness. The introduction of licensing in the hotel sector will contribute to the creation of new opportunities for business entities in the hotel and hospitality services market. An equally important function in the provision of hotel services is performed by certification, i.e. a specific method of confirming the compliance of the quality and form of provision of a complex of hotel services with current national standards. Problematic issues include the regulation of land ownership, especially for foreign investors. The lack of opportunities for land privatization and unfavorable terms for its lease for the construction of hotels, as well as the mechanism for the concession of historical and architectural buildings, does not attract foreign companies to the hotel business. Specific legal regulation is required for the development of small hotels capable of creating a unique flavor of national hospitality, and for the creation of corporate forms, traditional in the global hotel industry, like international hotel chains. One of the factors intensifying the development of the industry at the current stage should be considered the implementation of a real transformation of ownership relations, the corporatization of hotel enterprises. Privatization and corporatization will lead to an improvement in the quality of management at hotel industry enterprises, as well as the material and financial condition of the industry. Therefore, improving the legal framework for hotel industry enterprises should be considered an important prerequisite for their further development.

The author’s aim is to identify changes in the rate, intensity and direction of hotel development, as well as their number, type and capacity of in Poland, by category and province in 1990-2015. The objective is to define the influence of both tourism attractiveness and economic development factors (GNP, total capital expenditure, the value of gross fixed capital formation – GFCF) on the changing number of hotel rooms. The identification was based on commonly available materials provided by the Local Data Base (LDB) of the Central Statistical Office (CSO), as well as from statistical year books concerning the tourism sector. The article presents methods for analysing indices, as well as correlation and graphic presentation (graphs, maps). From 1990 to 2015, there was a rapid increase in the number and capacity of hotels in Poland (4.5 times), especially in higher (5* and 4*) and medium standard (3*) hotels. That increase was significantly diversified regionally and strongly depended on the tourism attractiveness and socioeconomic development of provinces.

Managers often set prices just-below a round number (e.g., $39)—a strategy that lowers price perceptions and increases sales. The authors question this conventional wisdom in a common consumer context: upgrade decisions (e.g., whether to upgrade a rental car or hotel room). Seven studies—including one field study—provide empirical evidence for a threshold-crossing effect. When a base product is priced at or just-above a threshold, consumers are more likely to upgrade and spend more money (studies 1–3) because they perceive the upgrade option as less expensive (study 4), and they place less weight on price (study 5). Testing theoretically motivated and managerially relevant boundary conditions, studies find that the threshold-crossing effect is mitigated under sequential choice (study 6) and when an upgrade price crosses an upper threshold (study 7). These studies demonstrate that a small increase in price on a base product can decrease price perceptions of an upgrade option and, thus, increase consumers’ likelihood to upgrade. Results suggest that just-below pricing, while sometimes advantageous at first, may not always be an optimal strategy for managers trying to encourage consumers to ultimately choose an upgrade option.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present findings on the use of behavioural economics elements on the websites of Polish hotels. Design/methodology/approach: This article presents how Polish hotels use elements of behavioural economics to increase website effectiveness and encourage users to book a hotel service, and thus achieve the company's business goals. The research method used is an exploratory content analysis of the websites of selected hotels in Poland. Findings: Some Polish hotels use elements of behavioural economics, and thus attempt to increase the number of bookings through their own/indirect booking channels - including the website. However, there is an area to be developed - many sites have identified areas where popular cognitive biases can be further exploited and thus work to increase conversions from the website. It was noted that the ability to exploit some elements of influence depends on the software that hoteliers use (usually the booking system - booking engine). Research limitations/implications: It would be advisable to continue the consideration based on a study of the use of behavioural economics elements on hotel websites on a larger scale and to test the effectiveness of individual measures (for example through A/B tests on the websites). In addition, since cognitive errors are not only experienced by consumers, but also by managers, an area for investigation regarding the impact of cognitive errors on managerial decisions is also suggested. Specific theoretical constructs allow for a good description of the mechanisms under investigation, creating an innovative research space in the field of management science and quality. Practical implications: Identifying and analysing the behavioural economics elements used on hotel websites, can shape the research space for determining the relationship between the use of these elements and the effectiveness of the website as one of the channels that achieves the company's business objective. Subsequently, enable managers to create effective communication on websites to increase the number of accommodation bookings through this channel. Social implications: with knowledge of cognitive errors, a manager can create effective marketing strategies, make better decisions and better manage his or her team. Originality/value: The websites of Polish hotels were reviewed, identifying the most common elements using behavioural economics. It was noted that Polish hotels use these elements to a limited extent. Examples of cognitive biases that are not yet or rarely used by hoteliers on their websites and could help to increase direct bookings were identified. In addition to theoretical knowledge, the article draws on the authors' many years of experience in the topic of management, including in the hotel industry. Keywords: manager, people management, organisation, hotel management, hotel marketing, behavioural economics, cognitive errors. Category of the paper: viewpoint, case study.

In the contemporary world of tourism, a new type of tourist is replacing the traditional one. People have different values and lifestyles, higher degrees of independence and significant experience of travelling. In such a context, even the seemingly simple purchase of a package tour from a travel agency takes on new features. This project intends to verify empirically customer behaviour within travel agencies, with the aim of testing some assumptions in the decision-making process of the tourist and applying service management tools. In particular, we intend to identify critical key quality factors and evaluate customer time management in travel agencies.

Measuring patient satisfaction