Направленное образное представление: к вопросу о терапевтическом влиянии барочной музыки

Background: The Elderly have high risk in hypertension, murrotal and music therapy have benefits to lower blood pressure in people with hypertension. Objective: This study aims to identified murrotal and music therapy in comparison to patients with hypertension in elderly at tresna wherdha mulyadharma Pontianak. Methods: This research used experimental pure design (Pure Experiment), a sample of 45 elderly people use the Systematic sampling and part into three groups, murrotal (intervention) therapy, music therapy (control +), non intervention (control-), the analysis used is one way anova test on systole with post hock bonferroni and krusskal wallis test and on diastole with post hock mann whitney test. Results: On the first day, there is no comparison of systole pressure using murrotal and music therapy against sufferers of hypertension on elderly p value = (0.177) > 0.05. Whereas, in the second and third day has comparison of systole pressure use murrotal therapy and music against sufferers of hypertension in the elderly (0.006, 0.001) < 0.05. On the first, second and thirdday has comparison of diastole blood pressure using music and murrotal therapy of patients with hypertension in elderly p value = (0000, 0.001, 0.001) < 0.05. Conclusion: Murrotal therapy and Music effectively was lower blood pressure in people with hypertension, but more effective murotal therapy in lowers blood pressure rather than music therapy.

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was carried out in an effort to determine the effect of music therapy on depression and physiological parameters in elderly people who were living in a nursing home.Method: The study was a randomized controlled trial. The study sample consisted of 64 elderly people who complied with the criteria of inclusion for the study. The data were collected using the ‘Elderly Information Form’ and ‘Geriatric Depression Scale’. The music group listened to music three days in a week during 8 weeks. The depression levels were assessed at baseline (week 0) and follow-up in the eight week.Results: It was found that the difference between post-test depression scores of the two groups was found to be statistically significant (t = −2.86, p <.01). The mean scores of post-test systolic blood pressure in the music group were found to be significantly lower than those of the control group (t = −3.11, p < .05).Conclusion: It was concluded that music therapy decreased the depression level and systolic blood pressure in elderly people. The study results implies that music therapy can be an effective practice for public health and home care nurses attempting to reduce depression and control physiological parameters of elderly people.

Background: Comprehensive geriatric evaluation should include a functional and cognitive assessment to guide the intervention of interdisciplinary teams. The aim of this study was to analyze the physical capacities of institutionalized elderly people and to describe the preventive actions of physical activity and music therapy as non-invasive preventive pharmacological treatments given their importance for the cognitive and functional performance of elderly people. An observational and descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The participants in the study were 109 elderly people institutionalized in three residential centers with a mean age of 83.41 years (SD = 8.72). Findings: Most of the residents had very impaired physical faculties. However, cognitive impairment was not very high. Most residents (55.04%) had some form of dementia and/or high blood pressure (54.12%) followed by pathologies such as diabetes (27.52%), heart failure (17.43%), Parkinson’s disease (9.17%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8.25%). There were no differences in cognitive or physical capacity among the residents according to sex, age, or education and only those who had worked in the service sector had less cognitive capacity than those who had worked in the agricultural sector or as housewives. Applications: Facilitate the creation and development of programs based on physical activity and music therapy in residential centers that can prevent and improve pathologies on the elderly.

A basic premise in music therapy practice is that most adults prefer music of their young adult years to music of other life periods, and that preferred music is more likely to promote participation in music therapy activities than nonpreferred music. It is also quite commonly assumed that elderly adults tend to prefer sedative to stimulative musical experiences. In order to test these assumptions about elderly persons' musical preferences, a study was conducted (N = 60) to determine: (a) whether or not elderly people tend to prefer music that was popular in their young adult years to music that was popular later in their lives; and (b) whether or not elderly people prefer stimulative to sedative music. Results of the study indicated that elderly persons strongly prefer popular music of their young adult years to popular music of life periods after young adulthood (p < .001). Results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in preferences for sedative or stimulative music. However, the raw data showed that elderly persons tend to prefer stimulative to sedative music in all age categories. The study supports the music therapy premise that adults prefer music of their young adult years, but refutes the notion that elderly persons tend to prefer sedative to stimulative music. If music preference is a factor in successful music experiences for elderly adults, then popular music of young adult years may more likely promote successful experience than popular music of later life periods.

Background: The frail elderly are prone to falls and fractures, which can result in dependency, disability, admission to institutions, and even death. They are at increased risk of frailty due to decreased physical activity, cognitive decline, and depression. Some evidence suggests that music therapy with physical activities may be particularly beneficial. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the intervention effect of music therapy with physical activities (MTPA) on frail elderly in the community. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted. We selected 10 community care centers in southern Taiwan, in which elderly people over the age of 65 were assigned to a MTPA group and a comparison group after obtaining their informed consent. The MTPA group performed group music activities once a week for 120 min for 12 weeks, while the comparison group only continued with their daily activities. Instruments in this study included the Kihon Checklist, Senior Fitness Test (with Body Mass Index (BMI) and seven physical fitness items), Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF). Results: A total of 132 community elders agreed to participate in this study, and 122 completed both the pretest and posttest, with 62 in the music therapy group and 60 in the comparison group. The results of ANCOVA showed that after intervention, except for BMI, the Kihon frailty assessment, seven fitness scores individually and in total, MMSE, and depression showed significant improvements in the music therapy group relative to the comparison group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: MTPA can improve the frailty index, cognitive function, depression, and physical fitness index in the community elderly. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the design of activities for the community elderly, to provide them with appropriate activities, improve their physical functions, and improve or delay their disability.

Purpose of this essay is to provide a historical overview how music has dealt with the emotion and sensation of pain, as well as an overview over the more recent medical research into the relationship of music and pain. Since the beginnings of western music humans have put their emotions into musical sounds. During the baroque era, composers developed musical styles that expressed human emotions and our experiences of nature. In some compositions, like in operas, we find musical representations of pain. During Romanticism artists began to intrude into the soul of their audience. New expressive harmonies and styles touch the soul and the consciousness of the listener. With the inception of atonality dissonant sounds where experienced as a physical pain.The physiology of deep brain structures (like thalamus, hypothalamus or limbic system) and the physiology of the acoustic pathway process consonant and dissonant sound and musical perceptions in ways, that are similar to the perception of pain. In the thalamus and in the limbic system music and pain meet.The relationships of music and pain is a wide open research field with such interesting questions as the role of dopamine in the perception of consonant or dissonant music, or the processing of pain during music listening. Musicology has not yet embarked on a general investigation of how musical compositions express pain and how that has developed or changed over the centuries. Music therapy, neuro-musicology and the performing arts medicine are scientific fields that offer a lot of ideas for medical and musical research projects.

BackgroundGlobally, the demographic shift towards an aging population leads to significant challenges in healthcare systems, specifically due to an increasing incidence of multimorbidity resulting in polypharmacy among the elderly. Simultaneously, sleep disorders are a common complaint for elderly people. A treatment with pharmacological therapies often leads to side effects causing a high potential for dependency. Within this context, there is a high need to explore non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and music therapy, both individually and combined as a multimodal therapy, in the treatment of sleep disorders in individuals aged 70 years and older.MethodsWe conduct a confirmatory randomized controlled trial using a two-factorial study design. A total of n = 100 elderly people receive evidence-based standard care information for age-related sleep disorders. Beyond that, patients are randomly assigned into four groups of n = 25 each to receive acupuncture, receptive music therapy with a monochord, multimodal therapy with both acupuncture and music therapy, or no further therapy. The study’s primary outcome measurement is the improvement in sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (global score), at the end of intervention. Additionally, depression scores (Geriatric Depression Scale), health-related quality of life (Short-Form-Health Survey-12), neurovegetative activity measured via heart rate variability, and safety data are collected as secondary outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, a qualitative process evaluation will be conducted to complement the quantitative data.DiscussionThe study is ongoing and the last patient in is expected to be enrolled in April 2024. The results can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for sleep disorders among the elderly, contributing to a more personalized and holistic approach in geriatric healthcare.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00031886).

Background and objective: Music therapy is a non- expensive, non- invasive and applicable nursing intervention that can be applied by nurses and family caregivers in different situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of selected music on agitation behaviors of elderlies who are suffering from Alzheimer disease and residing at selected nursing homes of Tehran city. Methods: The present study was performed in a Semi-experiential. 34 elderly individuals with Alzheimer who show agitation behaviors were selected and they were randomly divided to two groups: intervention group (n=17) and control group (n=17). The individualized music was collected on CDs based on the elderly peoples’ preferences or if they suffered from severe cognitive impairment, their families were asked to select the music. Subsequently the individualized music was played by headphone in three sessions per week, afternoon and each session lasted for 20-30 minutes during 1.5 month for intervention group. For control group, no intervention was taken and they only received routine daily care measures of nursing homes. Data was gathered in 4 times for groups: Pre Test, Post Test1 (after 9 sessions), Post Test 2(after 18 sessions) and follow up step (a month after intervention). The tools for collecting data include: demographic inventory, Cohen- Mansfield’s Agitation Inventory (1986) and Abbreviated mental test (1972). The data were analyzed by MANOVA/ANOVA test on p 0.05), while after execution of intervention, significant difference was observed in all three measurement stages (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study supports the effect of individualized music on reduction of agitation behaviors of elderly people who are suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and reside in nursing homes. Paper Type: Research Article.

Music therapy and Alzheimer's disease: Cognitive, psychological, and behavioural effects

Which features of Carl Orff and Gunild Keetman’s ideas are relevant for work in the community and therapy? A child who is mentally or physically handicapped, emotionally or sensorially disabled or on the autistic spectrum, is never just only that. The characteristics of a person that are not expressed in these terms, however, are precisely the ones that make musical communication and thus a connection with so-called ‘normal’ people possible. A historical review will demonstrate the sources from which the adaptation of the Schulwerk for work with handicapped and disturbed children and young people was made possible and meaningful. A brief section will define the fields of “Music Education”, “Music in Special Needs and Community” and “Music Therapy” in order to distinguish them and highlight the contents they have in common. The author uses quotes by Carl Orff in order to document the basis of her ideas for therapeutic work and describes how pedagogues and therapists, from the early sixties until today, have developed them for and together with different groups with special needs: The multi-sensorial approach through speech, free and bound rhythm, movement, singing and playing instruments provides possibilities for spontaneous creative play in a social context, even if one important sensorial area is severely damaged. Every member of an integrative music and movement group is participating actively in a creative process. The instrumentarium allows participants to play together in a spontaneous way. Relationships developed through musical expression and play as an encounter between two people forms the basis for emotional development. Musical reception and expression is independent of intellectual capacity, age and previous musical experience.

Hypertension is one of the degenerative diseases that often appear in the elderly. This starts with a person's inability to control or maintain a stable condition of blood pressure in the body. The frequent visits of the elderly to the elderly Posyandu in Janti village with complaints and blood pressure above normal reflect the lack of efforts of the elderly in controlling or stabilizing blood pressure in the body. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy andslow deep breathing on hypertension elderly blood pressure. Research design Like an experiment with a sample of 62 elderly people with hypertension, selected by purposive sampling technique which was then divided into 2 groups, 31 people in the treatment group were given a combination of progressive muscle relaxation andslow deep breathing, and 31 people in the control group were given therapyslow deep breathig. Data analysis used the Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. The results of the study in the treatment group before being given the intervention obtained an average of 146.00 mmHg systolic, 91.52 mmHg diastolic (degree 1 hypertension). Independent T-Test analysis found on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse value ρ = 0.000 &lt; α = 0.05, meaning that there is a combination effect of progressive muscle relaxation and music therapy on blood pressure and pulse. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy and slow deep breathing can reduce blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. It is hoped that this therapy can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients in addition to using pharmacological therapy.

Stress is one of the main causes of various psychological and physiological changes. Those type of changes cause by excessive secretion of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline into the blood stream from adrenal gland in kidney. There is underline neuroendocrine pathways which carries signals from hypothalamus to pituitary gland than secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone which ultimately stimulates the Adrenal cortex and release the Epinephrine and nor Epinephrine. When the cortisol and adrenaline level increase in blood stream. That causes the physiological changes like elevated level of blood pressure, glucose level, dilation of pupil and immunological response, as soon as, the threat is subsides this level down towards the normal. It is also a leading cause of hospitalization, especially in the elderly population. Elderly people who have comorbidities like Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disorders are more prone to wards minor stressors, it worsens their disease. It is essential to overcome the stress in elderly through various methods e.g., music therapy, social support.

Introduction: We conducted a study of the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia by individual external hydrotherapy in 9 people with dementia syndrome. Method: The general immersion of the person was associated with a whirlpool bath, underwater shower, music therapy and light show, 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The duration of each session was 20 minutes. The water temperature was 36-38°C. Results: We observed the positive effect of multisensory hydrotherapy on psycho-behavioral symptoms in elderly people with dementia, regardless of its ethology. This effect was objectified by the NPI-ES scale. Simultaneous assessment using the Algo+ and EVS scales demonstrated a reduction in chronic pain of osteoarticular origin in these patients. The consumption of analgesic and psychotropic drugs in patients who participated in the study was reduced. The care team expressed unanimous satisfaction with the care provided. Conclusion: It is important to respect the choice of the person to receive the treatment or not, as well as a personalized approach during the treatment. We believe that a study on a larger scale would be desirable in order to confirm the results.

The elderly is a vulnerable age group having health problems. The addition of age causes the function and structure of organs, especially the cardiovascular system and blood vessels, the condition contributes to the trigger occurs an increase in blood pressure. Prevention and management of hypertension can be done by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The non-pharmacological method that can be intervened is classical music. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music therapy on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive elderly. This type of research design uses a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test-post test design approach. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique of 53 elderly people living in the Banyuwangi Tresna Werdha Social Home. Analysis of data using the Wilcoxon test with a value of p &lt;0.05. Wilcoxon analysis test results obtained p or (Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000, p &lt;0.05. These results research showed there was a difference before and after given classical music therapy in elderly patients with hypertension. Then it can be concluded that the delivery of music therapy in patients with hypertension will help in lowering blood pressure so that music therapy (Vivaldi-the four-season) becomes a non-pharmacological solution both in service and self-handling.

The Music Therapy Rating Scale (MAKS), originally developed in 1996, was evaluated again in 2009 using a sample of 62 children from a psychiatric unit and from different primary schools, with measures at three different time points during therapy process. The scale is intended as an objective rating of a client’s musical behavior. The evaluation of the scale was to determine any possible ambiguity or weakness in the discriminatory power of the scale items. After excluding such items, the results show high reliability ( a > .75) and good objectivity with trained raters (r > .70) for the two main scales and a significant sensitivity to change. Keywords musical communication, musical expression, music therapy, rating scale MAKS