ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА У СФЕРІ МУЗЕЙНОЇ СПРАВИ: ПОКАЗНИКИ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of the need to increase the competitiveness of health care institutions in the context of the quality of medical services, improving the image of medical institutions of various forms of ownership, strengthening the economic and environmental efficiency of their activities. Methodology of research.The theoretical and methodological basis of writing the article are the fundamental principles of economics, set out in the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and environmental efficiency of health care facilities. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction were used to solve the tasks set in the research process (to characterize the levels of medical services, to argue the effects of competition in the market of medical services on the quality and availability of medical services, increase economic and environmental efficiency activities of health care institutions). Results. The risks and advantages of forming a competitive environment in the market of medical services, changes in the system of financing the medical industry are studied. The prospects of the level of territorial and financial accessibility of medical services in connection with the creation and operation, along with municipal medical institutions, of private medical institutions are substantiated. Due to the impact of environmental risks on the work of health care facilities, a system of measures to coordinate and control the state of the process of medical waste disposal has been proposed. Originality. The environmental and economic approach to increasing the competitiveness of health care facilities was improved. This approach in contrast to the existing substantiated the need to improve the quality of medical services, forming a positive image of medical institutions of various forms of ownership, strengthening economic performance, conscious management of medical waste raising the level of environmental awareness and responsibility. Practical value. The use of the proposed measures to improve the work with medical waste will reduce the level of environmental pollution, will improve the health of the population of Ukraine. Key words: health care system; medical services market; social and environmental efficiency; medical institutions; competitive environment; mortality rate.

Methods. The following research methods were used to solve the set tasks: sociolinguistic – questionnaires, interviews, observations – to gather information; general scientific induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis – for processing the collected data; methods of quantitative calculation – to process the results of the survey. During the survey, respondents were asked questions about three thematic blocks, further analysis of which gave an idea of perception of the Ukrainian language as a means of communication in socializing, education and business. Results. The positions of the Ukrainian and Russian languages in terms of their perception in Ukrainian society and their use in organizations of various forms of ownership were determined. An attempt is made to assess the status of Ukrainian, Russian and English languages from the standpoint of diglossia and according to Fishman's classification. There has been an increase in the social status of the Ukrainian language over the years of independence, as well as the strengthening of the English language in terms of attractiveness to native speakers compared to Russian. Novelty. In the course of researching the Ukrainian language as an integration and communication tool in the management of organizations and studying public opinion on the most desirable language for communication, learning and professional development, a survey was conducted and 1,007 responses were received. The target audience was determined in such a way that the sample was representative and objectively represented the parameters of the general population (large industrial cities of Dnipropetrovsk region). Practical value. The obtained results were used to develop recommendations for the strategy of communication policy development within Ukrainian organizations of various forms of ownership.

In order to provide sustainable development of agroecosystems and rational nature management, it is essential to make a transition to alternative farming methods. Organization of agricultural area is the first stage in the process of transforming a natural ecosystem into an agroecosystem. The limits of the types of agricultural area organization form natural boundaries of agroecosystems. The basis of conducting the research is the investigation of the ecological state of natural resources of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership in the eastern region of Opillia, namely the agroecosystems of two farms as a comparison of a traditional method of farming and a bioorganic one as well as their influence on the ecosystems on the territory of Berezhany district (investigation of the agroecosystems in TzOV “Zhyva Zemlia Potutory” in the village of Potutory Berezhany district (organic farming method), and TOV “Agroprodservis” in the village of Kozliv, Ternopil region). The research is aimed at the substantiation of ecological approaches and the analysis of practical recommendations on the formation of a mechanism of the development of ecologically-safe farming and at providing the ecological assessment of the agricultural landscapes in order to provide organic crop cultivation. Materials and methods corresponded to the methodology of a continuous soil-agrochemical monitoring of agricultural lands in Ukraine. In most cases, alternative farms cannot compete with traditional farms in terms of crop yield. Satisfactory crop yields absolutely depend on the amount of manure and compost applied as well as on the area that farmers can allocate for growing legumes.

In order for Roman breed sheep to meet modern requirements, remain competitive and in demand in specific breeding conditions at sheep breeding enterprises of various forms of ownership and departmental affiliation, it is necessary at this stage of selection and breeding to develop and implement a new scale for assessment of breeding sheep.
 The aim of research was to improve and approbate the assessment methods for a set of breeding traits of sheep of the Roman breed in Belarus for further development of breeding value indices.
 The research subject was rams and ewes of RUE “Vitebsk breeding enterprise” of Vitebsk region and individual sheep-breeding enterprises with various forms of ownership in the amount of 370 animals. Expert assessment was carried out according to two or more ewes lambing according to the method of assessment and selection of sheep according to set of traits for breeding use of the Romanov breed. Analysis and data processing were carried out in the laboratory for horse breeding, fur farming and small animal breeding at the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Research and Production Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Animal Breeding” in accordance with methodological recommendations for study of performance and biological traits of sheep of breeds and groups few in number.
 Due to possibility of taking into account different number of evaluated traits, there is flexibility and objectivity in evaluation of sheep in scores, followed by ranking to: the best, valuable, useful and not recommended for breeding, which, in turn, correspond to a specific integrated index of an animal’s breeding value in percent.
 Research results. In the course scientific research, it was determined that, depending on scores received and the planned breeding value index, producing rams get the following purpose:
 – rams for self-repair purpose – over 9.0 scores or BVI 101% and above;
 – rams for breeding purpose – 8 scores or BVI 85–100%;
 – rams for market production purpose – 7 scores or BVI 65–84%.
 The obtained evaluation indicators for each animal are summarized and the average score for all producing rams is calculated, and comprehensive index of breeding value is determined. It’s worse noting that in the future studies are planned with the most comprehensive and reliable method, which is based on determining the results of expert evaluations of the offspring according to set of traits with the subsequent ranking of producers by this trait.
 Depending on the scores received and the breeding value index, ewes get the following purpose:
 – ewes for self-repair purpose – over 8.0 scores or BVI 101% and over;
 – ewes for breeding purpose – 8–7 scores or BVI 85–100%;
 – ewes for market production purpose – 7–6 scores or BVI 65–84%;
 – other – 6–5 scores or BVI up to 50–64%.
 The ranking scales for producing rams and ewes developed by us include the assessment of animals by origin, typicality, measurements, exterior, fur-coat traits, and queens additionally by fertility rate, which is taken into account for at least 2 lambs. Due to possibility of taking into account different number of evaluated traits, there is flexibility and objectivity in evaluation of sheep in scores, followed by ranking according to time scale to: best, valuable, useful and not recommended for breeding, which, in turn, correspond to a specific integrated index of an animal’s breeding value in percent.
 It should be noted that this development (assessment scale) allows livestock breeders at sheep farms applying it in practice without additional training when evaluating sheep, it is an intermediate link in transition to an index assessment of animals’ breeding value.
 Conclusion. In the future, the developed scales for rams and ewes ranking will allow developing individual breeding value indices and planned comprehensive index for evaluating sheep of the fur-coat direction of productivity, which will contribute to more objective and rapid differentiation of the breed quality, increase efficiency of the breeding work and predictability of results.

The publication defines the components of a characterization of the life provision system, its importance and impact on the quality of life of the population, the level of socioeconomic development of cities, regions, and the country. The essence of the sphere of urban life provision and its components, within terms of which subjects of various forms of ownership, size and types of economic activity operate, are characterized. The components of the characterization of the life provision system as a subject of research reflect various contradictions of its functioning: it is an object of both spatial economy (regional structure and scales) and industry specifics (multifunctional complex – housing, transport, water supply, etc.), which provides services to the population and enterprises. Thus, life provision enterprises operate according to special technologies inherent in each individual industry (water supply – physicochemical processes; energy and heat supply – heat generation, heat exchange, transportation technologies; residential sector – repair, construction, plumbing works, etc.). Urban economic systems work to maintain the lives of residents at a quality level. These systems represent a large, diversified and extensive infrastructure of institutions and enterprises. It is determined that the sphere of urban life provision is provided by the activities of enterprises of various forms of ownership, operating according to different types of economic activity. Their activities, as well as the activities of other economic entities, are influenced by russia’s military actions on the territory of Ukraine, which caused challenges that entrepreneurs of the world have not faced yet. It is proved that enterprises in the sphere of urban life provision expect post-war transformations, which will be expressed in the refusal of people to use centralized services of electricity, gas, heat, water supply, that is, there will be an increase in the level of individualization. As a result of the carried out analysis, the problems faced by life provision enterprises are identified. The directions of post-war transformation of the components of the sphere of urban life provision and their effects regarding the quality of life of the population and the development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine are substantiated.

The concepts, indicators, methods and data that have been used in previous studies on the ownership structure were reviewed and evaluated in chapter four. Overall, the data with the most accurate description on the ownership structure in the secondary and tertiary industries now publicly available are those of economic censuses, and the second economic census in 2008 even provided information on total assets, the indicator that best described the ownership structure. The indicator of assets is the best to describe the structure of various forms of ownership because the assets of an enterprise are the economic resource expressed as monetary currencies it owns or controls, and have wider connotations and are more adaptive in describing the statuses of various forms of ownership compared to other indicators such as capital. However, the statistical regulations and research methods that are currently widely used have not kept up with the rapid development of the economy with mixed ownership. The situation has become even worsened since the economy of mixed ownership was defined, in the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC), as “an important way to materialize the basic economic system” in socialist China, the development of which “is beneficial to variously owned forms of capital to complement each other while mutually improving and developing” (On Nov. 12, 2013, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th CCCPC unanimously passed the bill, Resolution by the Central Committee of CPC on Several Important Issues about Comprehensively Deepening the Reform.). It is now impetus to accurately define the ownership nature of the economy with mixed ownership and to correctly calculate its efficiency to empower its development with theoretical support. Therefore, new methods to calculate the ownership structure were explored in this chapter based on the data of assets and paid-in capital from the communiques of the first and second economic censuses in order to estimate whether the publicly-owned assets were still “in quantitative dominance”, i.e., over 50% of the total social assets, by analyzing the changes in the ownership structure between the two censuses. At the same time, the contributions of the publicly- and non-publicly-owned economies to employment and output (GDP) were quantified, and in particular, the advantages the economy with mixed ownership over the publicly- and non-publicly-owned were quantitatively evaluated.

В последние годы перед городами стоит острая проблема повышения эффективности работы городского пассажирского транспорта за счет эффективного использования имеющегося в наличии подвижного состава. На автобусных маршрутах г. Кызыл работают перевозчики различных форм собственности, и контроль их работы является приоритетной, т.к. от этого зависит соблюдение расписания движения, выход на линию, анализ качества обслуживания пассажиров и т.д. Внедрение диспетчерских систем оперативного управления позволят производить контроль над работой перевозчиков различных форм собственности, корректировать их работу и предоставлять отчётность о выполнении транспортной работы за заданный период.Цель. В данной работе изучены основные диспетчерские системы оперативного управления, в частности система радиочастотной идентификации.Методы. В статье рассматриваются методы автоматической идентификации, принципиальная схема работы системы автоматической идентификации, критерии оптимальности маршрутной сети при использовании данных систем.Результат. Использование автоматической идентификации транспортных средств позволит диспетчерским службам следить за работой автобусов МУП, он также важен при перевозке до места отдыха детей (школьные, пришкольные лагеря, летние оздоровительные лагеря), которые находятся за пределами населенных пунктов.Область применения результатов. Установлено, что радиочастотная идентификация помогает при применение диспетчерских навигационных систем. Совместное их использование позволяет устранить некоторые запаздывания диспетчерских навигационных систем.

Aim. Analysis of the influence of market mechanisms on the legal regulation of property in modern socialist states of Southeast Asia (on the example of China, Vietnam and North Korea).Methodology. The key research methods were the method of comparative jurisprudence and formal-legal method. The analysis of the content of the current constitutions of China, Vietnam and North Korea, civil legislation on forms of ownership, land ownership, private property (China, Vietnam), personal property (North Korea), legislation on entrepreneurial activity of citizens and organizations was carried out by means of comparison.Results. It is proved that the economies of modern socialist countries of Southeast Asia are actively developing, successfully combining planned and market mechanisms (to a large extent in China and Vietnam, to a lesser extent in North Korea), the current legislation enshrines various forms of ownership, characteristic of classical socialism, in China and Vietnam – also private property, guarantees the right of ownership of domestic and foreign citizens and organizations, the right of inheritance, the accomplishment of various transactions with property. The absence of private ownership of land, in our opinion, should be welcomed, because this approach maximally ensures the sovereignty of modern socialist states, protection (minimization) from external influence, although to some extent it may deter foreign investment in the economy.Research implications. Theoretical and/or practical significance lies in the objective comparative-legal analysis of legal regulation of property in some modern socialist countries, the economy of which successfully combines planned and market principles. The given approach to the sustainable development of the economy, a significant reduction in the level of poverty of the population. The obtained results can be used in the process of multifaceted cooperation between Russia and China, Vietnam and North Korea.

Institutional Ownership and Governance

Objective: To study the optimized regional system of eye care institutions in the development of different forms of ownership. Materials: WHO documents, the State Statistics of Ukraine, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, sociological research. Methods : bibliographic, information-analytical, medical, statistical, sociological, modeling. Results: The incidence of Ophthalmology in the Zacarpatskyj region during 2000-2015 gg. Increased by 41.7%, ophthalmologists supply was 16.2% lower than the national rate, ophthalmologic beds – decreased by 31.2%. Discovered less than national volume microsurgical operations in hospitals (7.2%) and outpatient basis (6.9%). Established shortcomings in the prevention and treatment and insufficient use of health facilities to private ownership. The priority measures to improve eye care reasonably functional-structural model of its award at the regional level with the use of public-private partnerships. Conclusions. The proposed functional-structural model of eye care in the region provides a solution to the problem of accessibility and quality of health care institutions in the development of different forms of ownership.

The current paper presents a scientific approach of implementing online virtual exhibitions on mobile devices in order to increase the number of visitors inside cultural institutions, such as galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM). There are described the new opportunities offered by the cultural heritage to generate revenues for cultural institutions and to contribute at the economic development of the belonging countries. It is described the role of virtual exhibitions in the processes of digitization, preservation and valorization of cultural heritage. The most important features of virtual exhibitions, which makes the differences from simple image galleries and websites, are presented and detailed.

Цель настоящей статьи – выявление сущности субъектности регионального художественного музея через рассмотрение его как универсального культурного феномена, проявляющего универсальные общеродовые признаки в различных социокультурных условиях. Исследование выполнено на материалах российских и зарубежных исследований в сфере культурологии, истории и социологии. Автором применены деятельностный, структурно-функциональный и семиотический подходы. Выявлены элементы, составляющие субъектность регионального художественного музея: музейные коллекции, штат сотрудников, совокупность посетителей, уникальность музея, его участие в культурной политике, реконструкция программирующих свойств культуры на глобальном, национальном и региональном уровнях коммуникативного взаимодействия. Изучение обозначенной темы позволяет сделать вывод о том, что сущность субъектности регионального художественного музея состоит в осуществлении социальных инвестиций в доступной только ему форме усиления ценности сохраняемого им культурного наследия региона. The aim of the study is to identify the essence of the subjectivity of the regional art museum by considering it as a universal cultural phenomenon that manifests universal common generic characters in various sociocultural conditions. The study is based on materials from Russian and foreign studies in the field of cultural studies, history, and sociology. The methodological basis was the activity, structural-functional, and semiotic approaches. The author explores the ultimate state of the museum in the system of cultural life, indicating that in any social conditions its essence consists not only in the preservation of collections, but also in their actualization through educational and sociocultural activities. The totalityof museum visitors is interpreted as one of the components of its subjectivity, along with collections and staff. The number of visitors depends on the uniqueness of the museum, which is also an integral part of subjectivity. It is determined that the activities of the museum cannot be fully tied to the goals and objectives of cultural policy, since museum collections potentially have a comprehensive value. Participation in cultural policy therefore acts only as an element constituting the subjectivity of the museum. The author indicates that an important task of the work of the regional art museum is to popularize the culture of the region at the national and global levels, realizing which, such a museum becomes the subject of world culture. It is emphasized that the museum provides a communicative connection between generations, while acting as a subject organizing its own metacommunicative space. In this space, cultural meanings are reconstructed and the dialectical tension of communication is allowed. It has been established that the museum realizes the resource potential of its collections through value differentiation of the results of artistic creation and art, as well as by placing cultural heritage in relevant aspects of social discourse. The author concludes that the essence of the subjectivity of the regional art museum consists in making social investments in the form (accessible exclusively to this institution) of strengthening the value of the cultural heritage of the region that it preserves. Regional and national cultural policies normatively and strategically regulate the sociocultural activities of the regional art museum, but do not limit its subjectivity in social communication and activities. At the same time, the subjectivity of the museum largely determines its image and social success.

Formation and development of economic security of the State requires taking effective measures to counteract and minimize negative impact of criminal offenses that encroach on economic and social relations, legal activities of economic entities, rights of public administration employees, etc. Among the latter, those that demonstrate signs of raiding deserve close attention, i.e., related to the illegal takeover and seizure of property, assets of enterprises, institutions, organizations, corporate rights to them and other resources, encroachment on the rights of owners or authorized persons of entities management of various forms of ownership, etc. In this regard, the article purpose is defined as outlining prospects for construction of forensic methods of investigation of criminal offenses in which signs of raiding can be detected. In order to achieve the specified goal, a complex of general scientific, philosophical and special research methods was applied. According to performed research results, it was determined that in modern sense, a separate forensic investigation method (in a broad sense) should be understood as an integrated product of scientific knowledge in the field of law, formed on the basis of a generalization of investigative and judicial practice, which in its essence is a set of forensic recommendations, proven tactics methods of conducting investigative (search) and covert investigative (search) actions, methods and techniques of optimal and effective use of forensic techniques during pre-trial investigation developed in accordance with procedural requirements in order to optimize the model of conducting pre-trial investigation of a separate criminal offense, their groups, etc. Based on the generalization of certain elements of the criminal law and forensic characteristics of criminal offenses related to raiding, varieties of individual forensic methods of investigation have been determined, including interspecies, special, subspecies, species, etc.

Subject. This article discusses the issues of reflection of information on settlements with equity construction investors both on off-balance and balance sheet accounts of the developer. Objectives. The article aims to determine the extent of the transition to project financing of housing construction using escrow accounts, explore options for accounting for incoming funds of equity construction investors, and develop a methodology that helps avoid tampering with the balance sheet total of developers. Methods. For the study, we used induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and the calculation and graphic, monographic, and accounting and analytical methods. Results. In some cases, the findings have revealed significant discrepancies the way funds available to escrow accounts get accounted for. An analysis of the causes of these deviations confirms the need to develop an off-balance sheet accounting methodology. Conclusions and Relevance. The updated methodology is structured in such a way that the investors' funds are accounted by the developer in one account, another account is used for settlements with the equity construction investors, and the funds placed by the bank on the escrow accounts are reflected in the off-balance sheet of the developer, without misrepresenting the balance sheet total. The results can be used in the theory and practice of construction companies in the process of accounting and reporting by business entities of various forms of ownership, as well as for further scientific developments and practical applications.

This study discusses the legal framework for life safety in Ukraine as of the current year. Ensuring an adequate level of safety at the enterprises of various forms of ownership and directions of the modern economy is a vital task in terms of creating decent working conditions in the country and the development of its economy. The development of the sovereign Ukraine must be accompanied by the creation of a safe state of the environment, economic production, and living conditions to ensure the proper level of human life. The main place in this process is occupied by the legislation in the field of regulation of relations between human health and the environment and safety in emergencies and situations of everyday life, i.e. life safety. The relevance of the subject is conditioned by the need to create an appropriate legal framework for life safety in the country as of its current state. The methodology of this study is based on a combination of a systematic approach to determining the main factors that ensure the establishment of legal foundations for life safety in Ukraine at present and an analytical method of research on a wide scope of issues in this subject area. The main results, obtained during this study, include the identification of the main factors of life safety in modern Ukrainian society and the importance of the legal framework, developed by the state for proper regulation of these issues, as well as the main directions of development of a certain level of life safety culture in modern Ukrainian society. Prospects for further research within the framework of the chosen subject area are conditioned by the need to qualitatively identify the main factors, influencing the process of gradual development of the legal framework for life safety in Ukraine as of its current state and the importance of timely coverage of relevant legal aspects that are vital in modern realities. The applied value of this study lies in the possibility of implementing its main results and conclusions in practice in order to obtain a reliable tool for timely and high-quality determination of the basic legal principles of life safety in Ukraine