Оцінка ризиків для національного господарства, спричинених конкретними мотиваціями іноземних інвесторів

The study aimed to address and analyse foreign direct investment and its impact on the national economy. Statistical data were analysed, concluding that a majority of foreign direct investment (37.6-43.7%) was directed to industry, particularly the processing sector (23.7-26.3%), trade (14-15.9%), and financial activities (18.4-19.6%), while the least went to education (0.04-0.08%) and healthcare (0.2-0.3%). Most foreign direct investments inflows came from Cyprus, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Advantages and disadvantages of attracting foreign direct investment were systematised, and key factors negatively influencing Ukrainian investment market were identified. The study explored the core components that facilitated foreign direct investment inflows as well. A definition of the term “foreign investment” was provided, implemented measures aimed to improve the investment climate, as well as the measures that need to be implemented to promote the attraction of additional foreign investment were analysed. Main statements of legislative and regulatory acts to support strategic foreign investors were systematised. Investment potential of Ukrainian promising sectors was addressed. To trace foreign direct investment dynamics, the volume of foreign direct investment in Ukraine as of 2003-2024 period was considered. Distribution of foreign direct investment by major economic sectors (2007-2024) and by country of origin was analysed. The study explored the correlation between changes in foreign direct investment levels and inflation dynamics in Ukraine using macroeconomic data and the elasticity coefficient for the 2003-2024 period. The influence of internationalisation, globalisation, and transnationalisation on foreign direct investment was addressed. The importance of foreign direct investment as a driver of Ukrainian economic development was substantiated, key challenges in managing foreign direct investment were identified, and recommendations for enhancing investment governance were proposed. The practical significance of the study is determined by the contribution to improvement of the effectiveness of foreign direct investment management and promotion of national economic welfare

Attracting investments is one of the key aspects of ensuring businesses’ self-sufficient and resilient development. Foreign investment creates opportunities for Ukraine’s integration into the global economy and is crucial in overcoming economic crises. Due to the lack of sufficient domestic financing, the problem of stimulating investment activity and creating favourable conditions for attracting foreign investors to the national economy is especially relevant. This study highlights the essence and objectives of the investment attraction process, examines the challenges of foreign investment during wartime, and reveals the goals of Ukraine’s investment promotion measures. The dynamics of economic resources in assets by sources of formation and through capital investments are analysed. A general assessment of the performance indicators of Ukrainian legal entities regarding the use of investment resources in terms of productivity and profitability is conducted. The study also analyses the state and trends in foreign investment inflows over the past ten years, identifying periods of significant fluctuations and determining the causes of these changes. The research findings confirm the dependency of Ukraine’s GDP on the volume of foreign direct investments. The main organizational forms of foreign capital inflows into the national economy are characterized. Key factors and performance indicators of investment activity are identified, including the volume of business assets and indicators assessing business performance by net income, gross profit, and added value. A model of the dependence of business economic growth in Ukraine on investment volumes and the impact of business performance indicators on investment processes is developed. The regression analysis confirms a significant direct interdependence between economic growth indicators, i.e. net income, gross profit, and added value, and the volume of investments in economic resources. Based on the regression modelling results, measures are proposed to encourage foreign and domestic investors to contribute in Ukraine’s economy.

In a modern economy, investment activity is one of the main factors of economic development, structural changes and increased competitiveness. A significant part of the countries of the world strive to attract and encourage foreign investments to strengthen productive capacities and sustainable economic development. And for a foreign direct investor, the primary motive for investment is the establishment of long-term relations with the host enterprise, provided that it has a significant influence on its management, as well as increasing profits, reducing taxes, diversifying risks, etc. Currently, the main subjects of foreign direct investment in the global market are international companies and financial groups. However, in reality, foreign direct investment alone cannot guarantee the prosperity of the national economy. The latter, as a development tool, has both its advantages and disadvantages, and in the host country, they contribute to sustainable economic growth only if certain conditions are met. In this regard, the government of the host country is responsible for establishing conditions for foreign direct investment that will contribute to the long-term economic growth of that country, and not only to ensuring the profits of foreign investors. Therefore, the impact of foreign direct investment on the host country depends on many factors, such as the method of entering the market, the sources of financing for direct investment, the latter’s impact on the activities of companies operating in the host country, etc. On the other hand, regardless of the volume of foreign investment, it can also be completely useless and lead to the ruthless waste of the country’s natural resources, as well as the population’s dependence on the outside world for many years. Only with a balanced and considered approach to the joint interests of investors and the host country can it be ensured that foreign investments are effectively attracted and utilised for the benefit of the country’s economic prosperity and the improvement of the population’s living standards.

Since the fall of the USSR, Turkmenistan has made some progress in the development of its national economy and its ability to attract foreign investment. Although Turkmenistan is considered an attractive destination due to its rich natural resources, the country’s FDI regime, including its admission procedures, lacks transparency and predictability. From the perspective of foreign investors, the host state’s FDI regime plays a crucial role. Without considering a host state’s FDI regime, foreign investors may be at risk of losing their investment due to lack of transparency or an unpredictable legal environment. Requirements related to the admission of foreign investment may differ between countries. Unlike most countries, which usually limit the scope of admission requirements (national security concerns), Turkmenistan’s FDI regime imposes stricter requirements on foreign investors during the entry process. It is understandable that Turkmenistan may expect to maximize the benefit of foreign investment while minimizing its negative effects on the national economy. However, a lack of clear and transparent admission requirements leaves a large amount of discretion with various administrative bodies. This makes admission requirements unpredictable and dissuades foreign investors from investing in the host country. This article scrutinizes the admission requirements related to foreign investment in the entry stage in the Turkmenistan FDI regime.

During the 1980s, like many other developing countries Nepal attempted actively to attract direct foreign investment. This article reports the results of a survey of the foreign‐owned firms in operation at the end of the 1980s. The motives of firms for their investment decisions in Nepal are summarised. The impact of foreign investment is assessed quantitatively using both financial and economic cost‐benefit criteria. In general, it appears that foreign investment has been beneficial to both the foreign investors and the national economy. Foreign investors from India have played a particularly important role. However, much of the national returns from foreign investment is derived from the payment of taxes, so that an excessively generous policy of tax incentives may not maximise national returns.

One of the most crucial tasks for the national economies development both in European countries and Ukraine is stimulating and ensuring sustainable economic growth. For this purpose, all states develop an innovative sphere and use financial different instruments. The aim of the article is determining the impact of financial instruments and innovations on business environment development of the national economy of Ukraine in comparison with European countries in order to create successful and effective business environment in Ukraine for foreign investments. The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investments and domestic loans on the Global Innovation Index 2018 using two-factor analysis of variance. The null hypothesis of an interaction effect (factor A (foreign direct investments, net inflows) and factor B (domestic loans of financial sector) doesn`t exert an interaction effect on result Y (Global Innovation Index)) was rejected. Also the combination of foreign indicators, direct investments and domestic loans has a significant impact on the Global Innovation Index. Practical recommendations should provide a comprehensive approach to assessing the use of financial instruments in order to encourage the investments. Thus, overcoming the uneven distribution of innovations and investments should provide using the global financial resources.

Methods. The methods used as the methodological basis of the study were: logical – when describing the cause-and-effect relationships between internal and external factors that contribute to the improvement of the investment environment and the growth of foreign direct investment in Ukraine, or, on the contrary, create significant risks and prevent the attraction of such investments in the country; general and specific – when assessing the influence of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the development of the national economy on the attraction of international investments by companies; analysis and synthesis – in the study of the main risks for foreign investors and the development of recommendations to reduce their negative impact on investors, aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the medium and long term. Results. The prospects of Ukraine in attracting foreign direct investments were considered, the dynamics of the volume of foreign direct investments were analyzed. The possibility of improving the geo-economic situation of Ukraine in the post-war economy is indicated, provided that significant amounts of foreign direct investments are attracted. Novelty. The geo-economic factors that can affect the movement of direct foreign investment in Ukraine were studied, and a SWOT analysis of these geo-economic factors of the movement of direct foreign investment for Ukraine was conducted. Weaknesses and strengths of Ukraine's investment attractiveness have been identified. Directions for adjusting investment risks are proposed. Practical value. The conducted analysis gives us an understanding of the state of the state's investment climate and directions for improving the investment attractiveness of the national economy.

The success of Software Technology Parks (STPs) in the 1990s encouraged the Government of India to announce the scheme of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) as part of the Export-Import Policy in March 2000, to be effective from April 2000 to achieve a three-fold objective of increasing exports, accelerating the country’s economic growth, and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). This scheme was continued in the ForeignTrade Policy 2004-2009, and aimed at providing a globally competitive, conducive, and free atmosphere for exports, and attracting domestic and foreign investments. The SEZ concept, as distinguished from the earlier patterns of Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and 100 per cent Export Oriented Units (EOUs) recognises the issues related to economic development, and provides for developing self-sustaining industrial townships along with the major industrial belts, so as to minimise pressure on the existing infrastructure of nearby settlements. This is true of multi-product SEZs where the area acquired is large, and not in case of other patterns, where the area is relatively small. SEZs are duty-free insulated enclaves of development, and are deemed to be non-domestic tariff areas for purposes of trade operations, and duties and tariffs. They allow 100 per cent FDI in the development of SEZs and their infrastructure facilities. Unlike EPZs, SEZs can now be developed by the public, private, joint sector or by the State governments. The Centre acts as a facilitator by providing the framework for establishing the SEZs, and monitoring the performance, and fulfilling the norms expected of SEZs to serve the national, state, and local economy. The policy offers several fiscal and regulatory incentives far beyond those covered in the earlier patterns, to developers of SEZs as well as to manufacturing and service enterprises promoted within the zones, and for the development of infrastructure.

The problem of attracting foreign investment in the domestic economy has existed for many years and continues to retain its significance to this day. Despite the active work of foreign investors in the Russian economy, it loses competition to many states in terms of the amount of foreign capital attracted. This problem is relevant at the present time, due to the aggravated foreign economic disagreements and contradictions, since investments are extremely important for financing economic growth and ensuring economic security and protection. The need to study the problems of attracting foreign investment is also determined by the fact that Russia, having a huge investment potential for foreign investors, still has some risks that are a barrier to attract capital in the form of foreign investment in the Russian economy. The study focuses on the structural and dynamic component of attracting foreign investment in the national and regional economy of Russia, contributes to the disclosure of the reasons that affect the decline in global investment in the Russian economy and allows you to identify prospects for attracting foreign investment and investment activities in the Russian Federation with the participation of foreign investors.

The adjustment of industrial structure is the key in transforming domestic-oriented economy to export-oriented economy and consequently the key in the national economic development. Improving foreign investment structure can help optimize a country’s industrial structure. Having described the important role and pointing out existing problems in foreign investment in our national economy, this paper analyzes the possible reasons affecting the rationalization of foreign investment and goes further to propose some feasible measures to improve foreign investment structure so as to optimize our industrial structure.KeywordsForeign Direct InvestmentForeign InvestmentIndustrial StructureForeign CapitalInvestment EnvironmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This article discusses the Indonesian government’s policy on foreign investment, focusing on its impact on the national economy. The study adopts an economic-political approach to analyze the role of the state in regulating foreign capital flows, as well as how foreign investment policies can affect economic stability, job creation, and equitable development. Through case studies in the infrastructure and manufacturing sectors, this article identifies the challenges and obstacles in implementing these policies, including political instability, bureaucracy, and regional regulatory differences. The article provides policy recommendations to optimize the benefits of foreign investment without neglecting domestic interests, with a focus on inclusiveness and sustainable development.

Oil palm plantations play an important role in the national economy and have great potential for national economic development in the context of realizing the prosperity and welfare of the people in an equitable manner. Even though Indonesia needs foreign capital, foreign investment must still pay attention to the national interest. One of the national interests is to protect natural resources in Indonesia. The Presidential Regulation No. 44 of 2016 concerning the List of Business Fields That Are Closed and Business Fields That Are Open with Requirements regulates the limitation of foreign share ownership in companies engaged in oil palm plantations by 95%. The oil palm plantation business does not require high technology, only land, nurseries, and fertilization which have been done since the colonial era. However, with the existence of the Presidential Regulation on the Negative Investment List, the Government has opened up a huge influx of foreign investment. Therefore, problems arise 1) Requirements for foreign share ownership in the oil palm plantation business sector based on the Negative Investment List in Indonesia; and 2) The basis for consideration in determining the requirements for limiting foreign share ownership in the oil palm plantation business sector in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research. The nature of descriptive research. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and deductively concluded. The results of the research show that: 1) Presidential Regulation No. Investment Negative List. 44 of 2016 is a government policy that supports foreign investment more than domestic investment, and 2) The basis for considering the opening of foreign shareholdings of up to a maximum of 95% based on the Presidential Regulation on the Negative Investment List is the relatively large need for funds which cannot be fully met solely by relying on Domestic Investment.

Trade Deficits: Causes, Effects and Remedies

Abstract: The negative impact of hegemonic neoliberal policies on women has been well documented globally, but it is more intense and absolute in Sub-Saharan Africa because of specific economic characteristics frequently found there. With few exceptions, its national economies are small, with especially small industrial sectors. Their orientation towards primary product exports, dominated by men locally and globally, remains strong from colonial rule, ended less than 50 years ago. Recent structural adjustment programs (SAPs) have only reinforced this imbalance. The credit and demand restraints associated with SAPs cause deep economic hardship among women and the poor, as consumers and workers. Capital shortage and unreliable infrastructure inhibit the anticipated supply response from local entrepreneurs or foreign investment. Widespread layoffs, higher user fees and government cutbacks in already minimal public services increase poor women's domestic drudgery, health care burdens and income pressures, while reducing their employment prospects and earnings.

Для России, как и для любого другого государства, условием эффективного экономического развития выступает приток капитала. События, происходящие в нашей стране, в течение последнего исторического периода времени, снижают и без того невысокий приток инвестиционных вложений. Улучшение уровня национального благосостояния при этом представляет собой многоступенчатый процесс, который зависит от совокупности взаимозависимых друг от друга факторов, важнейшим из которых, в том числе является и вложение средств в национальную экономику. Нефтегазовый сектор экономики РФ является системообразующим сектором экономики в силу исторически сложившихся объективных причин. На сегодняшний день заинтересованность России в иностранных инвестициях остро повышается. Энергетическая стратегия России до 2035 года, разработанная во исполнение поручения Президента РФ ставит привлечение инвестиции в нефтегазовую отрасль приоритетным и является одним из ключевых направлении по долгосрочному развитию топливно-энергетического комплекса страны. For Russia, as for any other state, the condition for effective economic development is the influx of capital. The events taking place in our country during the last historical period of time reduce the already low inflow of investment investments. Improving the level of national welfare in this case is a multi-stage process, which depends on a combination of interdependent factors, the most important of which, including the investment in the national economy. The oil and gas sector of the Russian economy is a system-forming sector of the economy due to historically established objective reasons. Today, Russias interest in foreign investment is sharply increasing. The energy strategy of Russia until 2035, developed pursuant to an order of the President of the Russian Federation, makes investment attraction in the oil and gas industry a priority and is one of the key areas for the long-term development of the countrys fuel and energy complex.