Аксіологічні засади навчання майбутніх інженерів фізики і технічних дисциплін

Purpose: development of recommendations for the study of security-oriented disciplines by students of higher educational institutions. Methodology: Analysis and generalisation of research results regarding the need of higher education students to study security-oriented disciplines. Results: In the conditions of modern warfare, knowledge and understanding of security issues are of critical importance for students of technical specialties. It helps them to be aware of the threats and risks associated with armed conflict and make the right decisions to ensure personal and collective security, and provides the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively respond to emergencies and save lives. Therefore, in the article: information on the state of higher education in Ukraine until February 2022 has been studied and summarised; the need of students of higher technical education to study security-oriented disciplines during the war was investigated; an expert survey was conducted among students who are studying for the Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees of two higher technical educational institutions – the State Higher Educational Institution “Donetsk National Technical University” and Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture. It was established that about eighty percent of the respondents are in favour of mandatory study of security-oriented disciplines during martial law, as an opportunity to ensure their own safety and the safety of others, help others and be useful in war conditions. A new concept of civil security education in higher technical institutions under martial law from the point of view of studying individual disciplines is proposed, which consists of the following: improvement of training plans for higher education applicants. recommendations for students of technical higher education institutions to study the following disciplines (in order of priority): “Life safety”, “Occupational safety”, “Fire safety”, “Civil protection”, “Environmental safety”, “Psychology of hazards”. Mandatory courses for students on pre-medical care, psychological help for themselves and others, military training should be introduced. Scientific innovation: a scientific approach has been developed to clarify the new concept of civil security education in higher technical institutions under martial law. Practical significance: the results of the work can be used in the preparation of educational plans for applicants of higher technical educational institutions.

The training of specialists in the system of higher and secondary specialized education is an important aspect in the currently expanding scale of the production of labor power. The training and education of students in higher educational institutions and technicums are influenced by a multitude of factors. Chief among these are: the level of development of the productive forces and the nature of production relations, the nature and forms of the division of labor, the prospects for progress in science and technology, particular features in the structure of the staff of professors and instructors, etc.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad statusem społeczno-ekonomicznym studentów kilku polskich uczelni różniących się pod względem prestiżu. Starano się w nim odpowiedzieć na pytanie: Co sprawia, że dana osoba wybiera studia na tej, a nie innej uczelni wyższej? Pytanie to ma szczególną wagę w kontekście polskiego systemu szkolnictwa wyższego, co do którego uzasadnione wydają się założenia o zróżnicowaniu jakościowym uczelni oraz wynikającym m.in. z umasowienia kształcenia na tym szczeblu zróżnicowaniu społecznym osób podejmujących studia na poszczególnych uczelniach. Dorobek badań nad nierównościami szans edukacyjnych wyraźnie sugeruje, że studenci uczelni o różnym poziomie prestiżu istotnie różnią się pod względem statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego. Potwierdzenie tej hipotezy w zgromadzonych danych pozwoliło na weryfikację kolejnej: można mówić o istnieniu horyzontalnych nierówności w dostępie do szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce, czyli sytuacji, w której część osób podejmuje studia na uczelniach o niższym prestiżu z powodów innych niż przygotowanie szkolne (spełnianie kryteriów kwalifikacji). Interesujące przy tym jest nie tyle samo odnotowanie tego zjawiska, ile rozpoznanie jego zakresu oraz wywołujących go czynników, a także ich relatywnej siły. Mające temu służyć badanie ankietowe przeprowadzono w drugim kwartale 2015 r. na populacji polskich studentów I i II roku studiów I stopnia w dziedzinie nauk ekonomicznych na uczelniach publicznych i niepublicznych w Polsce.

The article is devoted to the problem of scientific mentoring in the higher education system. Research activities are an integral part of university education. The teaching staff of higher educational institutions is represented by scientific and pedagogical workers, the reproduction of human resources for this system requires active involvement in research activities, supporting postgraduate students. To ensure continuity, it is necessary to include students in this activity, only a successful process of scientific socialization during the years of study is able to ensure the subsequent professional realization of young specialists in the higher education system. Scientific mentoring can be implemented in various forms. The choice of the option depends on the target audience, specialty, course of study, established traditions, individual psychological and pedagogical characteristics of students, features of the professional trajectory of students. A survey of students of higher educational institutions and teaching staff was used as research methods. When working with the heads of structural divisions, the method of in-depth interview was chosen. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: high assessment of the importance of scientific mentoring by all participants of the survey. Among the most important qualities of mentors is a good command of their field of knowledge and the ability to intelligibly convey this knowledge to students. The teaching staff faces a number of organizational, methodological and informational difficulties in implementing the function of scientific mentors. The implementation of this activity is dominated by short trajectories of scientific leadership of students. In most cases, the mentor provides guidance as part of the preparation of articles. Heads of departments and deans among the barriers to the development of the mentoring system testify of a weak starting level of students, a low level of motivation of teachers.

PurposeThe aim of the study is to examine the intention of students toward the online education system with emphasis on online examination in higher education. The study investigated different constructs that have an influence on the use of the online platform for learning to the specific domain that mitigates the personal needs of the learners outside the physical class boundaries.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire in a single cross-sectional survey from 430 students of higher educational institutions in India. The partial least square approach was used for path modeling to examine the relationships in the proposed research model using Smart PLS-3.3.2.FindingsAttitude, ease of use and usefulness have a significant relationship with the behavioral intention to use the online education system. However, nature of residential status, use of devices and use of network have an insignificant impact on the intention to use the online educational system.Research limitations/implicationsThough the study focused on the technology acceptance model (TAM) to examine the relationship in the proposed model, there is a need to consider the other constructs such as perceived behavioral control, past experience, etc. in future studies.Originality/valueThis paper identified the major determinants of students' intention to adapt to the online education system with special reference to the examination system and proposed a direction to encourage the higher education students to use online education as an alternate of physical classroom education.

Higher technical education is one of the indicators of national growth. Higher technical education of the country is responsible for its global progress in technology and standard of living as technical advancement helps to make the country economically progressive as the availability of quality technical staff attracts global entrepreneurs who, in turn, increase the revenue of the nation and therefore the higher technical education system is the backbone of the country's economic progress. In the present research paper, India's higher technical education system is being studied, which is currently undergoing uneven expansion due to the implementation of the various policies responsible for this plethora of expansion. The main objectives of this study are to improve the quality of higher technical education by developing a dynamic system model by incorporating some of the important parameters of higher technical education system stakeholders to test various long-term policies that can improve the quality of higher technical education.

The article reveals the peculiarities of dual education of students in higher education institutions in Germany. To solve the set goal, the following research methods were used: theoretical: analysis of pedagogical literature, normative documents, materials of periodicals on the research topic; structural-logical analysis and systematization; comparison of different views on the problem; generalization. It has been established that the dual form of education in Germany has the right to be chosen by students who study full-time or in other forms of education and have expressed a personal desire and passed the selection process at the employer. In Germany, the following models of dual higher education are presented: higher education with integrated professional (vocational and technical) education (Ausbildungsintegrierendes Duales Studium). This is higher education combined with professional and technical (professional) education. That is why this model is covered by the Vocational Training Act. A special feature is the combination of training in a higher education institution and in a vocational and technical education institution, as well as in a company, where the applicants are in the status of a "student" and not an intern or an employee of the enterprise; higher education with integrated practical training (Praxisintegrierendes bzw. kooperatives Duales Studium). This is the most widespread model in Germany, which involves long-term practice at the company as an intern/trainee. The alternation of periods of stay in an educational institution and in a company depends on many factors, including the type of vocational training; higher education with integrated professional activity (Berufsintegierendes Duales Studium).This is a combination of education and professional activity. Thanks to the dual education model, Germany provides permanent training of qualified young professionals who study with an orientation to the existing needs of enterprises, that is, after receiving a dual education, young people have good employment prospects. Therefore, dual education plays an important role in effectively overcoming youth unemployment. At the same time, the combination of efforts of the state, educational institutions and the economy corresponds to the basic principles of the social market economy, where the state creates the necessary for the free development of the economy. We see the prospects for further exploration directly in the study of the possibilities of applying the experience of dual education in Germany in the system of higher education in Ukraine. Key words: dual education, institutions of higher education, experience of Germany.

In the face of escalating environmental challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss, higher education institutions (HEIs) play a critical role in fostering environmental consciousness among future professionals. The research aims to analyze current pedagogical strategies, examine innovative development and digitalization factors, and explore how higher education can promote sustainable environmental consciousness among graduates. A combination of complementary methods, including analysis, synthesis and abstraction were used. The essential structural elements of the system of ecological consciousness, as well as the criteria and indicators of its formation, are also defined. Results revealed that the main prerequisites for low environmental awareness among students of higher education institutions in Ukraine are the insufficient development of civil society institutions, lack of motivation to comply with environmental legislation, and an inadequate level of public awareness of sustainable development and environmental stewardship priorities. Environmental education in higher education is often delivered in a traditionally minimalist format, with a narrow sectorial focus that fails to adequately foster environmental awareness development among future professionals. An innovative vision of the pedagogical strategy for forming environmental awareness of students of higher education institutions through fundamental life values, attitudes towards the intrinsic value of nature, and society's responsibility for their conservation and sustainable development is proposed.

Denmark’s leading positions in the socio-economic sphere, education, science, development of civil society and democratic traditions, university autonomy and social responsibility of universities make it relevant to study the national specificity of the Danish model of university education. The experience of modernization measures in Denmark in the field of higher education at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries is of scientific interest from a historical, political and educational point of view. The aim of the article is to highlight the theoretical discourse and analyze the main stages and content of modernization measures in the Danish university education system as a component of the European higher education space. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach, the principles of historicity, systematicity, determinism, objectivity, humanism, the development and use of diachronic and systemic analytical methods. The scientific novelty lies in highlighting the discourse in foreign historiography on the impact of global trends in higher education on the Danish higher education system. The author points to the socio-economic and political determinants of modernization measures in the Danish higher education system at the end of the 20th and in the 21st century, focusing on the institutional reform of university education in the context of joining the European educational space. It is indicated that during the 1990s the modern structure of university education in Denmark was created thanks to reform measures aimed at adjusting the existing Danish structure of higher education and creating competition between higher education institutions for students. At the beginning of the 21st century, Denmark introduced one of the most ambitious and far-reaching university reforms: the transformation of the university community from the status of civil servants to employees of autonomous self-governing institutions. It is emphasized that the most important reforms of the 2000s related to university management had both their advantages and unused reserves, problems and challenges. The result of the reform of higher education at the beginning of the 21st century was the creation of universities as property entities with contractual relations with the central administration. The author singles out reforms in the Danish higher education system related to the widespread introduction of ICT, which was given political, economic and strategic importance. Conclusions. The author summarizes that a number of reform measures in the higher education system in the context of Denmark’s entry into the European higher education space are the result of a scientifically based state strategy aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of the Danish education system. The successful combination of long-term state management and regulation with granting the university community the right to self-organization and self-government gave impetus to public initiative, entrepreneurship, innovation, scientific research and social responsibility of universities.

Background: Psychoactive substances are those substances which have various natural or synthetic compounds that act on the nervous system causing change in the function that regulate thoughts, behavior and emotions. Abuse of such substances involves increasing the risk of injuries, aggressions and the risk of unsafe sexual behaviors. The problem is even worse when it happens among young people such as students of higher educational institutions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of substance use and factors associated among regular undergraduate students of private higher education institutions from June 2018 up to August 2018 in Adama Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted. Study participants (596) selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data collected using pre-tested self- administered modified WHO Model core questionnaire. The collected data cleaned, coded and entered to Epi-Info 7.2 computer software and analyzed by SPSS version 21.Descriptive statistics used to summarize variables as appropriate. Binary logistic regression used to select variables for multivariable analysis. Result: A total of 596 students participated in the study. The response rate was 100%. Three hundred eighty nine (65.3%) participants were female, Four hundred seventy two (79.2%) were in the age group 18-24 years. Based on this study magnitude of substance use at least for one substance in the last 12 months among the study participants was 33.9% with 95%CI (29.9, 37.6), The most commonly used substance in descending order was Cigarette (7.0%), Khat (6.4%) and Alcohol (3.4%). Based on this study finding all substance use (Cigarette, Khat and Alcohol) together counted (17.1%). Female participation had high significance, family members using substance, believing substance use as good and knowing the risk of substance use also had significance. Based on this study associated factors for substance use showed that to increase work performance 10.2%, to minimize tension 9.7% and due to peer influence 8.7%. Pattern of substance use showed most of the participant’s use substance weekly 14.4%, monthly 7.7%, daily abusers 7.0% and other occasional users were 5.2%. Conclusion: This study showed magnitude 33.9% for at least one substance use for the past 12 months. Family history of students using substance had more significant. Showing the risk of Substance use among study subjects, the created_at of awareness for family members and consistent health education should be continued to fully address the problem of using substance.

The widespread availability and use of ICT in society, in general, is leading teachers and students to use these tools to complement their teaching and learning processes outside the traditional classroom context. However, the evidence shows that many students and teachers lack the digital skills needed to make effective use of these tools; which limits their potential impact, can have negative consequences for students’ learning, and can increase educational inequalities, especially in developing countries. Against this backdrop, based on a literature review of international studies and ICT in educational policies of developing countries, this chapter presents and discusses the challenges to ICT in education policies that this new scenario poses, including the definition of the set of digital skills that teachers and students need to acquire, the integration of these skills in the curriculum, the design and implementation of strategies to ensure that teachers and students develop these skills, and the design and implementation of pedagogical methods that take advantage of these skills in the teaching and learning of traditional subject areas. Based on this evidence, the chapter highlights the challenges and opportunities to address.

Research objective: to determine the health-improving potential of dancing exercises used in physical education of female students of higher educational institutions. Research methods: study and analysis of pedagogical, scientific and methodological literature on the subject matter of the research; observations, questionnaires, functional tests; statistical methods of data reduction.Conclusions. As part of the study, the use of dancing exercises in the physical education of female students of higher educational institutions proved contributing to a significant increase in the level of their physical health in general and improvement of some of its indicators, including strength and life indices, heart rate recovery time after 20 squats. Dancing exercises also boost spirits, improve health and activity of the female students, which the study proved statistically.

Статья посвящена проблеме взаимосвязи социокультурного фактора с получением среднего профессионального образования в современной России. Характеризуя современную социально-экономическую ситуацию в стране, авторы делают вывод о необходимости привнесения в процесс выбора образования социокультурного контекста. Новые задачи, которые ставятся перед современной системой образования, требуют осознанного выбора будущей профессии, чему будет способствовать своевременное получение среднего профессионального образования после девятого класса средней школы. Изучив причины выбора/невыбора среднего профессионального образования, делается вывод о превалировании негативных стереотипов о ссузах в сознании родителей и подростков, которые не позволяют сделать осознанный выбор в пользу среднее профессиональное образование, что влечет за собой последующие проблемы при выборе высшего профессионального образования. Именно поэтому, среднее профессиональное образование в настоящее время носит преимущественно догоняющий характер по отношению к потребностям развивающейся экономики. Вместе с тем был изучен вопрос и преемственности высшего профессионального образования и профессиональной практической деятельности, в результате чего был сделан вывод, что значительная часть выпускников вузов не работает по специальности, потому что при получении высшего образования ими руководила не осознанная мотивация выбора профессии, а стереотипы. Авторы считают, что избавиться от них подросткам позволит своевременное обучение в системе среднего профессионального образования. Отсутствие фундаментальных научных исследований по заявленной проблематике позволяет рассматривать проблему значения социокультурного фактора в системе выбора образования как перспективную, изучение которой позволит сконструировать позитивный образ всей системы среднего профессионального образования и повысит количество замотивированных студентов в высших образовательных учреждениях. The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between the sociocultural factor and the acquisition of secondary vocational education in modern Russia. Describing the current socio-economic situation in the country, the authors conclude that it is necessary to introduce a socio-cultural context into the process of choosing education. The new tasks that are set before the modern education system require a conscious choice of a future profession, which will be facilitated by the timely receipt of secondary vocational education after the ninth grade of secondary school. Having studied the reasons for choosing / not choosing vocational education, it is concluded that negative stereotypes about secondary vocational schools prevail in the minds of parents and adolescents, which do not allow making an informed choice in favor of vocational education, which entails subsequent problems when choosing a higher professional education. That is why secondary vocational education is currently predominantly catching up in relation to the needs of a developing economy. At the same time, the issue of the continuity of higher professional education and professional practice was studied, as a result of which it was concluded that a significant part of university graduates do not work in their specialty, because when they received higher education, they were guided by an unconscious motivation for choosing a profession, but stereotypes. The authors believe that timely training in the vocational education system will allow adolescents to get rid of them. The lack of fundamental scientific research on the stated issues allows us to consider the problem of the significance of the sociocultural factor in the system of choosing education as a promising one, the study of which will allow us to construct a positive image of the entire system of secondary vocational education and increase the number of motivated students in higher educational institutions.

The article is devoted to the issue of research on the formation of professional competence of students of higher education when learning English in the conditions of mixed education. It was revealed that the main goal of professional education is the formation of the personality of the student of education. The student of education must not only master the entire set of knowledge and skills, in particular of a communicative nature, but also form important personal qualities that strengthen and make meaningful the social aspect of any training. In the practice of education, a large number of methods are used for the formation of professional competence, which is determined by the specifics of the future profession. The article emphasizes that the situation can be improved by increasing the amount of non-traditional (innovative) means of teaching English, using modern information and communication technologies. It was determined that the personally oriented learning technologies of the new generation of students are primarily aimed at qualitative changes in the higher education system and the acquisition of communicative competence, as well as the ability to creatively and proactively participate in communication on a professional topic. Professional competence is an important characteristic of the language personality of the student of education. Professional competence is understood as the practical skills and abilities of an individuals, a certain amount of their knowledge, which allows them to become an educated participant in the modern informational and professional space. Investigating the formation of foreign language professional competence of students of higher educational institutions, we consider professional competence as the ability to use the English language in professional situations, to properly formulate speech and adhere to speech norms, to choose communicative behavior that corresponds to the speech situation. The work presented models of mixed learning, where it is appropriate to use the following varieties: face-to-face and electronic-distance. So, the research explains the general advantages and disadvantages of a mixed form of education in the formation of professional competence of students of higher education.

In Ukraine, as part of the implementation of the higher education system, the training of students in higher education institutions is carried out on the basis of the List of Fields of Knowledge and Specialties in which university students are trained. This document is a framework regulatory document and over time has been amended and supplemented in response to the current challenges of the modern higher education system. Currently, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine has prepared for public discussion a draft resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Approval of the List of Fields of Knowledge and Specialties for Training of Higher Education Students”. The structure and number of the fields of knowledge and specialties is close to the list of fields of the International Standard Classification of Education; and the document is another step towards the transition to common statistical standards and classification systems to harmonize and ensure the comparability of government statistics with such international standards and recommendations as the UN international standard classification systems. The article analyzes the regulatory elements of the modernization of interdisciplinary relations in the system of higher education using the example of economic education in industry-specific higher education institutions by means of a comparative analysis. The article is based on the interdisciplinary links of economic subjects with the philosophy and humanities and special technical subjects taught in industry-specific universities. In the context of this direction, the author’s view on the interdisciplinary relations of disciplines in educational and professional programs as a certain meaningful scientific environment, in the context of “smaller” and “wider” philosophical circles in terms of the actual state and with the aim of assessing further progressive development based on the potential state, is represented. The author's view of interdisciplinary relations through the philosophical circles of the scientific environment became the basis for the introduction of the idea of for mathematical calculations of quantitative and qualitative assessments of the level of interdisciplinarity using such mathematical apparatus as a Venn diagram, and using a Euler’s circle for the visual representation of certain interdisciplinary relations. Based on the results of the calculations and a developed actual model of interdisciplinary relations in the educational and professional program, it is proposed to further compare the model with the reference standard of the balanced model of the interdisciplinarity system in the process of meaningful construction of the educational program in the specialty as a scientific environment.