ПОДХОД К СТРУКТУРИРОВАНИЮ РИСКОВ В ТОВАРОПОТОКАХ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

Can We Connect? Benefits and Barriers to Adoption of Transformative Technology in Global Supply Chains

The object of this paper is blockchain technology in the tracking system of grain supply chains. The current study considers the task of determining the impact of blockchain technology introduction on the tracking system of grain supply chains. The key problems in the system of grain supply chains have been identified and the tasks to solve them have been proposed. The characteristics of key technologies in the implementation of blockchain in the system of grain supply chains have been defined, such as smart contracts, the Internet of Things (IoT), interplanetary file system (IPFS), contactless tags (RFID), Ethereum platform (identified as the best for supply chain tracking). The influence of factors on the introduction of blockchain technologies into the grain supply chain tracking system was determined using a SWOT analysis. Strengths include transparency, increased trust, automation of processes and protection against falsification. Weaknesses include high implementation costs, difficulty scaling, and the need for staff training. Opportunities that open up through the use of blockchain include attracting new partners, increasing competitiveness, and developing new markets. Threats include legal difficulties, technical failures, high energy costs, and resistance from market participants. An assessment of the investment attractiveness of introducing blockchain technology into the grain supply chain tracking system was carried out by calculating such indicators as economic effect; net present value (NPV) of implementing blockchain technologies; payback period of investments. According to the results of analysis, the following data were obtained: NPV (150439 a.u.)>0, the payback period of investments is 2.8 years, which is acceptable for large agricultural holdings. Prospects for development have been determined, in particular, the unification of agricultural holdings for the joint implementation of blockchain technologies in the tracking system of grain supply chains, which would be a strategically beneficial solution for all participants in the supply chain

Supply chains are becoming more global, complex and increasingly vulnerable. Specifically, the latest evolution of the modern supply chains creates crucial cyber-risks and cyber-security challenges. Nowadays, supply chain risk managers need methods and tools for control, analysis, risk mitigation and managing of their cyber vulnerabilities. In this context, cyber-risk modeling and analysis in supply chain has become one of the major research subjects. The first part of this chapter provides a survey of the field and investigates the use of Petri Nets as a tool for modeling and performance analysis of supply chains, as well as their great potential for supply chain risk analysis. The second part of this work is dedicated to our contributions for modeling and performance evaluation of supply chain networks by using discrete event dynamic approaches. Based on the modeling and performance analysis power of Batch Deterministic and Stochastic Petri nets (BDSPN) for supply chain and logistic systems, two original risk-modeling approaches are introduced for this emerging research topic.

Realizing integrated financial management in supply chain is an inevitable trend. The features which integrated financial system in supply chain should have are expounded. Conception reengineering, process reengineering and organizational reengineering is premise to realize integrated financial management in supply chain. A framework of integrated financial system in supply chain is presented, which is composed of network financial systems inside each partner and financial system among partners.

Nonlinear dynamical behaviours with chaotic phenomena are commonly observed in a typical logistics model and supply chain system. Bullwhip effect has been widely recognized as one of the main issues on affecting the supply chain management. In essence, this phenomenon will lead to unnecessary consumption and waste of natural and social resources by demand variability amplification as moving up in the supply chain networks. However, traditional modelling approaches may become complicated in dealing with uncertainty and chaotic behaviour that are prevalent in real supply chains. System dynamics theory has been employed as a potentially effective strategy to cope with chaotic supply chains which are unpredictable behaviours in time. Four-dimensional differential equations which exhibit chaotic behaviours are constructed to describe a multi-echelon supply chain with bullwhip effect. Furthermore, modern control theory is applied to deal with the multi-stage supply chain optimization problems against disruptions. Specifically, the novel fractional order adaptive sliding mode control (FO-ASMC) algorithm has been implemented for ensuring efficient supply chain management. In addition, the chaos synchronization scheme is implemented in an attempt to regulate the supply chain systems under the impact of extensive uncertainties caused by tumultuous real market. It is found that the chaos synchronization is effectively realised by new FO-ASMC theory to manage advanced supply chain networks. Finally, this advanced management optimization offers a new class of intelligent applications that connects demand to supply and planning to execution across the entire supply chains.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of supply chain lead‐time averages and variability on an organization's financial performance.Design/methodology/approachThe “executive” list for manufacturers, consisting of 1,264 individuals of the Institute of Supply Management provided the study's sampling frame, with surveys sent to 402 firms and responses obtained from 210 firms. The empirical model is tested using LISREL.FindingsThe results show that as variance in supply chain lead‐times increases, the financial performance of the organization decreases. Of equal significance, the results show that average supply chain lead‐times have no direct impact on financial performance. The results also indicate that demand uncertainty associates with greater supply chain lead‐time variance and that production technology routineness associates with lower supply chain lead‐time variance. Product complexity and organizational size have no impact on supply chain lead‐time variance or supply chain lead‐time average.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is an initial effort to understand variance in supply chain systems. An ongoing challenge in this area is operationalization of measures and data collection techniques that go beyond a single firm and examine a network of organizations cooperating in a value‐added supply chain.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that managing the variance in a supply chain system may be more important to an organization's financial performance than managing averages.Originality/valueThis is particularly significant since organizations often act contrary to these findings, focusing scarce resources on reducing average lead‐times rather than on reducing variability in supply chain lead‐times.

In the Internet era, consumers prefer products with the attributes of social responsibility. Supply chain enterprises strengthen corporate social responsibility (CSR) management for their own development. To improve CSR throughout the supply chain, it requires coordination and cooperation among the members of the supply chain. In this paper, we consider a three-tier supply chain system consisting of a supplier, a manufacturer, and a retailer and use stochastic differential game to study the CSR coordination of the supply chain. The following indicators are investigated under four decision situations, such as the optimal level of CSR effort for the supply chain members, the optimal value of profit for the supply chain members and the supply chain system, and the expectation and variance of CSR goodwill. Some important results are obtained. (i) Compared with decentralized decision-making, the optimal level of CSR effort increases for the supplier and the manufacturer under local alliance decision-making without cost sharing, whereas the optimal level of CSR effort remains unchanged for the retailer. (ii) Compared with local alliance decision-making without cost sharing, the optimal level of CSR effort remains unchanged for the supplier and the manufacturer under local alliance decision-making with cost sharing. When the sum of the marginal profit for the supplier and the manufacturer is greater than half of the marginal profit for the retailer, the optimal level of CSR effort increases for the retailer. (iii) Compared with local alliance decision-making with cost sharing, the optimal level of CSR effort increases for the supply chain members under overall alliance decision-making. (iv) From decentralized decision-making to local alliance decision-making without cost sharing, to local alliance decision-making with cost sharing, and then to overall alliance decision-making, the optimal value of profit increases for the supply chain members and the supply chain system. Also, the expectation and variance of CSR goodwill increase.

Considering that both the manufacturer's production process and the transporter's freight process produce carbon emissions, this paper constructed a three-echelon supply chain composed of a manufacturer, a transporter, and a retailer. This article studies the cooperative carbon emission reduction among the supply chain members under the carbon cap-and-trade policy and consumer environmental awareness. We used the Stackelberg game to explore four scenarios as follows: (1) in the non-cooperative decision model, no cooperation takes place among all supply chain members; (2) in the local cooperation decision of the manufacturer and the transporter alliance model, the manufacturer and the transporter work together to make decisions reducing carbon emissions, but each member of the supply chain makes its own pricing decisions; (3) in the local cooperation decision of the retailer-transporter alliance model, there is no cooperation except that the retailer and the transporter cooperate with each other to determine the selling price of the product; and (4) in the overall-cooperative decision model, there is complete cooperation among the members of the supply chain, who collectively decide on carbon emission reduction and the selling price of the product. Then, using the backward induction method, we derived and compared the equilibrium solutions and the profits of the supply chain system. The results showed that the scenario of complete cooperation among all supply chain members had the best performance in carbon emission reduction, market equilibrium quantity, and the supply chain system's profit, but the selling price of the product was likely to be higher than other scenarios. Two contracts have been proposed to coordinate the supply chain system. The cost-sharing contract is effective but imperfect under limited constraints. The two-part tariff contract can realize perfect coordination of the supply chain. Finally, we obtained several interesting conclusions from the numerical example and provide managerial insights and policy implications from the analytical results.

The supply chain system is an important factor in the commodity process or an effective and efficient logistics system. In the field of the fishing industry, the supply chain system greatly influences the process of activity flow starting from fish availability, productivity, fish quality assurance to distribution to consumers. Effective and efficient supply chain system management will have a huge impact on the commodities of the national fishing industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure the performance of the supply chain management system based on the level of maturity so that it can be a benchmark as an improvement in the future. The approach method used in this study is to use the concept of the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) model which is collaborated with key performance indicators (KPI) and analytical hierarchy processes (AHP) to produce the maturity value of supply chain performance. This research uses a descriptive method by making observations, distributing instruments in the form of questionnaires, interviews and literature studies in its preparation. The results of the study obtained a level of supply chain performance in PPSNZJ obtained a final value of 84.38 by entering the Good performance category based on the SCOR method and the supply chain maturity level obtained a maturity level of 4.3 on a scale of 0-5 withmanaged and measurable conditions. Efforts to measure supply chain performance are carried out to realize the improvement of supply chain performance in the national fishing industry which is integrated with suppliers, fishermen, companies, stakeholders and consumers

Most companies by and large have tuned their supply chains to either focus on achieving the lowest total cost or providing most flexibility in responding to customer demands. Regardless of the company’s supply chain strategy design, leading companies continue to invest in their people, business process and digital technology to extend their competitive advantage in the marketplace. Leading companies want to be able to predict supply chain performance and achieve above-market returns when supply matches demand. When the global pandemic COVID-19 hit the world, however, most companies’ supply chain systems were thrown into disarray, and companies could not respond predictably. The current supply chain system was no longer operating in a stable environment when both the demand and the supply sides of the equation were simultaneously affected. As pharmaceutical and bio firms raced to develop vaccines to protect citizens, the hope is that the vaccines will be here shortly and the world will be able to return to normal. It is during this period of uncertainty that supply chain management and professionals should consider questions such as what the post-COVID-19 global supply chain management framework should look like and what are the factors that should be considered going forward from a supply chain management practitioner’s perspective. This paper attempts to answer these questions based on interviews from a few selected companies and supply chain literature research and business articles review.

The supply chain is an extremely important and complex system, which is widely related to the social system and the management system. The hierarchical scheduling and production planning of a dynamic supply chain can enable enterprises in the supply chain to obtain, and maintain, stable and lasting competitive advantages; thus, improving the overall competitiveness of the supply chain. Simultaneously, research on supply chains is also a hotspot in system engineering. At present, research on complex supply chain systems with dual channels is insufficient, and analysis of dynamic supply chains with supply failure of goods is rare. In the epidemic era, dynamic supply chain management was affected by the epidemic and became a very challenging topic. The control of the supply chain system under the impact of an epidemic situation is particularly important. This paper focused on H∞ the fault-tolerant control of a complex supply chain system with dual channels. First, from the perspective of engineering practice and green production, we established a new green supply chain model. This supply chain model includes the dual-channel supply of goods and also considers the supply failure of goods. At the same time, production delay and supply delay are also considered in this model. Second, a supply scheduling scheme was designed through cybernetics to ensure the stability of a supply chain with dual channels under supply failure of goods, and we completed supply chain management. Finally, the effectiveness of our results was verified by specific Chinese enterprise data.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to unveil the circular economy (CE) values with an ultimate goal to provide tenets in a format or structure that can potentially be used for designing a circular, closed-loop supply chain and reverse logistics.Design/methodology/approachThis is desk-based research whose data were collected from relevant publication databases and other scientific resources, using a wide range of keywords and phrases associated with CE, reverse logistics, product recovery and other relevant terms. There are five main steps in the reformulation of CE principles: literature filtering, literature analysis, thematic analysis, value definition and value mapping.FindingsIn total, 15 CE values have been identified according to their fundamental concepts, behaviours, characteristics and theories. The values are grouped into principles, intrinsic attributes and enablers. These values can be embedded into the design process of product recovery management, reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the redefinition, identification and implementation of the CE values, as a basis for the transformation from a traditional to a more circular supply chain. The reformulation of the CE values will potentially affect the way supply chain and logistics systems considering the imperatives of circularity may be designed in the future.Originality/valueThe reformulation principles, intrinsic attributes and enablers of CE in this paper is considered innovative in terms of improving a better understanding of the notion of CE and how CE can be applied in the context of modern logistics and supply chain management.

We will simply treat an external supplier or an end-customer center also as a site.There is a relationship among the sites of

Contributors

Optimal models for a multi-stage supply chain system controlled by kanban under just-in-time philosophy