Цифровые технологии в науке и образовании (достижения, тенденции, эффекты)

The article attempts to characterize the problem field of scientific research of the Department of Social Technologies of the Sociological Faculty of Moscow State University as part of the study of social technologies in the management of modern Russian society, with an emphasis on the technology of modernization of the Russian society and transformation of management practices in the context of new external challenges (primarily related to the active introduction of digital information and communication technologies).Modern Russian society is developing in the context of external and internal challenges requiring the transformation of management practices and the development of new social technologies. In connection with the need to implement the task set by the authorities of choosing a way of further development and rethinking the system of spiritual and moral values, the problem of the development, selection and application of social technologies of socio-cultural, economic and political modernization of Russian society has been actualized. Looking retrospectively at the process of modernization of Russia, one can clearly see the “pendulum” of development — in the direction of borrowing “Western” experience and implementing reforms by western standards or, on the contrary, “return to the roots” and implementing counter-reforms. In the current geopolitical situation, we can state that there has been a demand not only for a return to traditional values and conservative ideology, but also for a rethinking of Russia as a “distinct civilization”.Serious challenges (socio-demographic changes, digitalization, algorithmization, robotization, development of artificial intelligence, machine learning, shering economy, etc.) facing society and its social institutions today, require rethinking management practices and social technologies. The digitalization of social management is increasingly challenging the identification and analysis of the social consequences of introducing artificial intelligence, replacing human labor with machine and algorithms. When we talk about changing the nature of management in a digitalized society, we see an increasing penetration of artificial intelligence technologies into the field of management and the development of algorithmic control. Algorithms are now used in public administration, social services and social services, education, health. The autonomy and autonomization of algorithmic solutions raise serious questions about reducing the role of the human factor in management, which is alarming, especially in spheres that have traditionally been built around the human being. In addition, machines do not just study a person, they try to push him to make certain decisions, to a given behavioral response to a given stimulus, open new possibilities for manipulation. With the active introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of public life and in the management system, there are fears of total digital control. As digital platforms gain more instrumental power and access to personal data, so does the resistance of users of digital platforms due to a lack of control over the “fate” of the data provided. All this can lead to an increase in social tensions, which cannot be ignored when implementing management practices and choosing modern social technologies of management of society.

Relevance of the research topic. In the age of information and communication technologies, taking into account the priorities of digitalization is a prerequisite for economic growth and improving the quality of life. Digital technologies are gradually penetrating all spheres of life, the activities of public and local authorities, stimulating the development of digital society and building a service state. The desire to European standards in institutions of social service, financial stability of the social protection system, increasing its transparency and optimizing of administrative expenditures necessitate a digital transformation of the social sphere, which involves the introduction of innovative technologies, retroconversion and a single information environment of social support and management of financial resources in specific sphere. Formulation of the problem. The intensification of digital transformation affects and system transformation, mobilization and use of financial resources for meeting ever-growing needs of the social sphere, opening new opportunities in strengthening its financial capacity and solving social problems. Along with the expansion of sources of financial support for the social sphere through the rational combination and use of public, private, individual, socially voluntary (charity, grants, donations) support for the population, there is a growing focus on digital technology in all its components. These processes require development and implementation significant numbers of measures and programs for implementing of latest information channels, which give threats of the using progressive mechanisms in organization and regulation of financial relations. Analysis of recent research and publications. Problems of digital transformation in social sphere and its financial support are considered in the works of domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners: G. Anderson, S. Volosovych, S. Kachula, G. Kulina, L. Lysyak, A. Mazaraki, N. Nalukova, I. Chugunova and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of a common problem. The article considers digital technologies in financial support of social sphere. Progressive mechanisms which attracting financial resources to ensure implementation of social initiatives have been identified. The application of innovative financial technologies forfund accumulation is substantiated: fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding. Swot-analysis of digital technologies of financial support of the social sphere is carried out. Goal setting, research goals. The research objectives are: to consider feasibility using digital technologies for financial support of the social sphere; to define perspective methods of attraction of means in social sphere in the conditions of digital transformation in social development; identifying advantages, opportunities, disadvantages and threats of for using digital technologies in financial support of the social sphere.The purpose of research is identifying and justifying progressive mechanisms in accumulating and using financial resources for the accelerating development of the social sphere. Research method or methodology. The article uses a research method set: system approaches, statistical analysis, structuring, swot-analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and others. Basic material presentation (results of work). The article considers digital technologies in financial support of the social sphere. Progressive mechanisms for attracting financial resources to ensure implementation of social initiatives have been identified. The using of innovative financial technologies forfund accumulation is substantiated: fundraising, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding. Swot-analysis of the application in digital technologies for financial support of the social sphere was conducted. Area of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of activating digital transformation in financial relations, formatting and using financial resources to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of the social sphere. Conclusions according to article. Digital technologies in financial support of social sphere create a set of advantages and opportunities for all participants. The using of innovation means interaction between different participants in social relations contributes to the development of an inclusive approach for generating of economic growth, which involves formatting of opportunities for maximum consideration of the interests and needs of the most vulnerable. Access to the process of managing financial resources in the social sphere on the basis increasing the level of transparency, empowerment and human rights is importance. At the same time, the spread of technological innovations poses certain threats and shortcomings, primarily related to layoffs, cybercrime and breaches of confidentiality. Implication of achievements in digital technologies determines institutional transformations in finance of population social protection, as a result which modern social institutions should be formed and help restore positive dynamics of economic and social growth.

The article analyzes key factors of introduction and realization of digital marketing technologies into economic activity of business entities. The relevance of research is determined by the fact that in the modern world digital technologies are one of the decisive factors of successful promotion in practically any sphere of economy, entrepreneurship and business. It has been established that marketing in the field of entrepreneurial activity will experience the greatest transformation under the influence of processes of digitalization. It is pointed out that at present time, the development of the latest technologies has led to the emergence of an innovative type of marketing activity – digital marketing. It is noted that digital technologies transform the functions of marketing activity of entrepreneurial entities, providing new possibilities of personalization and individual configuration of marketing programs. The basic prerequisites that determine the possibility and necessity of technological development of marketing policy of entrepreneurial structures in the digital environment have been identified. Key trends of economic activity of entrepreneurial entities that needs to introduce digital marketing technologies are identified. Factors of development of marketing digital technologies have been established. The marketing policy tools and technological solutions, the exploitation of which, will improve marketing activity of entrepreneurial subjects, are specified. The advantages of using digital marketing technologies by entrepreneurial entities are outlined. It is stated that digital marketing technologies are used for the purpose of coordination of efforts of the entrepreneurial entity to achieve strategic and operational goals. The exploitation of digital marketing technologies involves taking into account market requirements and ensuring interaction with clients and business partners through the transfer of information about goods and services, as well as receiving, processing and analysis of marketing information. It is summarized that the application of marketing digital technologies in economic activity of the entrepreneurial entities will provide them with growth of sales of products and services inside the country and will facilitate access to international markets.

The COVID-19 pandemic has wrecked great havoc in many spheres of life, including education, health, economy, and agriculture. This paper x-rayed the effects of the pandemic on crop production in Nigeria, and efforts made to proffer viable solutions through the application of biological and digital technologies. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production was palpable in shortage of farm labour and labour immobility, disruption of agricultural input supply chain (e.g., fertilizers, agrochemicals, and seeds) and food distribution network. These irregularities grossly escalated food insecurity challenges, sparked price hikes, increased hunger and food losses. Considering the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production which invariably extends to farmers’ income, food security, family nutrition and health, prompt measures to minimize the onward transmission among key players in crop production and food supply chain are imperative. The application of biological technologies including vaccination, use of natural herbs and spices, organic agriculture options (such as organic manuring, use of botanical protectants, farmers’ own seeds, cover cropping, mulching, biofertilizers, etc.), agricultural mechanization, and the digital technologies (mobile phones, remote sensing services, online platforms, robotics and artificial intelligence) would go a long way in resolving the negative effects of the pandemic on crop production in Nigeria. Strict adherences to the recommended public health safety measures (social distancing, compulsory use of face masks in the public, regular hand hygiene, covering of one’s mouth when sneezing or coughing, disinfection of high touch surfaces) are crucial in curtailing the spread of COVID-19 infection.
 Key words: COVID-19 pandemic, crop production, food security, bio-and digital technologies, Nigeria

The article identifies the main features of the metamodern -
 the era of fluctuations between structured and systemic modernity and vague and indefinite postmodernity. The technological trends of the era are revealed - digitalization of all spheres of civilization's life, their impact on the socio-economic ecosystem is determined. The author notes the penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of the economy, and, in particular, into the agro-industrial sector. The factors hindering the introduction of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex are identified. The most important digital technologies that can increase the productivity of agricultural production have been identified. The scientific work used the logical and historical research methods, the comparative method, the analogy method, the systematic approach. The conclusion is made about the influence of digital trends of metamodern on the agricultural sector of the country's national economy as a factor in increasing the productivity of agricultural enterprises and their competitiveness in the domestic and world markets.

The monograph presents the results of a study of the digital economy as a new paradigm of economic development, a system of economic relations implemented through the use of digital information computer technologies. It is noted that the main problem in the formation of sustainable economic growth and the successful introduction of digital technologies are the challenges of digitalization of the economy. New digital technologies, innovative business models penetrate into all spheres of the economic life of society, influencing the very essence of the economy, forming qualitative structural changes in it. As a result, a digital economy is being formed as a subsystem of the traditional economy, characterized by the active use of digital technologies and the circulation of specific electronic goods. The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates, as well as a wide range of readers interested in topical issues of digitalization of the economy.

The monograph presents the results of a study of the digital economy as a new paradigm of economic development, a system of economic relations implemented through the use of digital information computer technologies. It is noted that the main problem in the formation of sustainable economic growth and the successful introduction of digital technologies are the challenges of digitalization of the economy. New digital technologies, innovative business models penetrate into all spheres of the economic life of society, influencing the very essence of the economy, forming qualitative structural changes in it. As a result, a digital economy is being formed as a subsystem of the traditional economy, characterized by the active use of digital technologies and the circulation of specific electronic goods. The monograph is intended for researchers, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates, as well as a wide range of readers interested in topical issues of digitalization of the economy.

Розглянуто особливості використання цифрових інструментів відповідно до потреб забезпечення сталого розвитку в суспільстві. Вивчено специфіку застосування цифрових інструментів у різних сферах життєдіяльності суспільства. Проаналізовано еволюцію розвитку цифрових інструментів у світі протягом останніх двадцяти років. Представлено напрями активізації застосування цифрових інструментів забезпечення сталого розвитку на сучасному етапі трансформаційних змін в Україні.

The introduction of digital technologies by business entities and their impact on the operational activities and financial discipline of transport companies in the fourth digital revolution are studied. Industry 4.0 is a fully automated production with real-time control. The sphere of transport in Industry 4.0 is characterized by the following processes of digitalization development: use of big data and cloud technologies; robotics development; the spread of the IoT; blockchain; crowdsourcing. Today, the next direction of digital technologies in transport is being developed, such as traffic control automation. The introduction and use of information technology to manage operational activities in transport enterprises is a control over the condition and location of vehicles, cargo or drivers on the basis of GPS-technologies and on- board computer systems. The next direction of introduction of digital technologies in transport is the use of electronic logistics. The financial discipline of transport enterprises is carried out by various digital technologies that analyze and control the activities of enterprises, namely: electronic data interchange (EDI), FMS fleet management system, electronic financial transactions, CCTV cameras, cataloged databases. The competitiveness of transport companies is now inextricably linked with the use of digital technologies in operational activities and to ensure financial discipline, it is effective to: stimulate the transition to payment information and electronic circulation of invoices between companies; creation of electronic files which will allow to keep the detailed account of all components of work of the transport enterprise; for the effective application of digital technologies for the development of "electronic skills"; use of Digital Data, Big data, blockchain, crowdsourcing and other technologies.

This research explores the relationship between digital technology and human resource practices, analyzing contemporary research conducted between 2016 and December 31, 2023. The systematic literature review adheres to fundamental review principles and identifies various studies conducted across various nations on the conceptual application of digital technology in human resource practices. This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding digital technology and human resource practices for all organizational levels, aiming to help professionals build and implement these practices for stronger competitive advantages in the digital technological era. Many methodological (exclusive search) constraints exist in this review, which may limit how well it can be used with additional case studies. Digital technology and human resource practices are essential parts of developing digital and advanced technologies relevant to human resource practices in many aspects. This systematic literature review analysed the relationship between digital technology and human resource practices, demonstrating their interconnectedness through a comprehensive review of research in this field. Both concepts of digital technology and human resource practices linkage was not more focused before. A full understanding of the current state of digital technology and research conceptualization for human resource practices on a single platform through developing a thorough technological concept in human resource practices.

Развитие цифровой трансформации системы государственного управления влияет на все сферы деятельности и виды общественных отношений. Не является исключением и уголовно-процессуальная деятельность, в частности, связанная с организацией взаимодействия правоохранительных органов при расследовании преступлений. В работе исследуются проблемы применения цифровых технологий на досудебном производстве. Автор исходит из понимания цифровизации в широком смысле, как социально-экономической трансформации, инициированной массовым внедрением и усвоением цифровых технологий, то есть технологий создания, обработки, обмена и передачи информации. Применительно к трансформации права в условиях развития цифровизации определяет последнюю как процесс, направленный на преобразование той или иной сферы жизнедеятельности посредством внедрения в нее цифровых технологий и инновационных технологических решений. Методологическую основу данного исследования составляет совокупность методов научного познания, среди которых ведущее место занимает диалектический метод. В статье использованы общефилософские, общенаучные и специально-юридические методы исследования. Сделан вывод о необходимости разработки и принятия Правительством Российской Федерации единой концепции цифровой трансформации правоохранительных органов, в том числе тех, чья деятельность связана с выявлением и расследованием преступлений. Наличие такого документа позволит определить не только основные направления и единые стандарты цифровой трансформации для всех субъектов правоохранительной деятельности, но и обеспечить выделение бюджетных ассигнований. The development of digital transformation of public administration system affects all spheres of activity and types of social relations. Criminal procedural activity, in particular, related to the interaction of law enforcement agencies in the investigation of offences, is no exception. The paper explores the problems of application of digital technologies in pre-trial proceedings. The author proceeds from the understanding of digitalization in a broad sense, as a socio-economic transformation initiated by the mass introduction and assimilation of digital technologies, i.e. technologies of creation, processing, exchange and transmission of information. In relation to the transformation of law in the context of the development of digitalization, the author defines digitalization as a process aimed at transforming a particular sphere of life through the introduction of digital technologies and innovative technological solutions. The methodological basis of this study consists of a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which the leading place is occupied by the dialectical method. The article uses general philosophical, general scientific and special-legal methods of research. It is concluded that it is necessary for the Government of the Russian Federation to develop and adopt a unified concept of digital transformation of law enforcement agencies, including those whose activities are related to the detection and investigation of crime. The existence of such a document will make it possible to define not only the main directions and common standards of digital transformation for all subjects of law enforcement activity, but also to ensure the allocation of budgetary appropriations.

Problem Statement. Strategic spatial planning in Ukraine focuses mainly on economic aspects and takes less into account the environmental consequences of planned activities, which may be threatening to natural and cultural heritage. This is explained, in particular, by the insufficient number of trained specialists for planning sustainable spatial development. It is especially important to integrate scientific natural research into educational programs for training specialists in spatial planning, which include the study of geodiversity, the evolution of natural and cultural landscapes, methods of creating nature conservation areas, the formation of eco-networks, as well as the introduction of innovative technologies in land use and various branches of the national economy. Such research is the basis for developing community strategy and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), effective territorial management and successful spatial planning practices. The purpose of the article is to consider strategic spatial planning as a modern interdisciplinary field that integrating social, economic, and ecological aspects of sustainable spatial development. Research methodology proposes an interdisciplinary approach to strategic planning, which takes into account the geodiversity of the territory, the evolution of natural and cultural landscapes, as well as natural and anthropogenic risks. This approach makes it possible to predict optimal scenarios of spatial development, adapted to specific geographical conditions. Special attention is paid to the training of highly qualified specialists at the bachelor's and master's levels, emphasizing their important role in the development of strategic plans, which are the basis of comprehensive plans for the spatial development of territorial communities. The results. The article presents scientific approaches to strategic planning based on an interdisciplinary study of territories. This study highlights the international experience of strategic planning and similar successful practices in Ukraine territorial communities. Scientific novelty. The study provides a theoretical basis for the mandatory integration of natural science research into strategic spatial planning. This includes data on geodiversity, natural settings and resources, cultural and natural landscapes, nature reserves and ecological networks. The combination of this information with the data of the land and urban cadasters creates a comprehensive basis for determining the optimal scenarios of spatial development. Practical significance. The results of this study can be applied to improve the methodology of strategic spatial planning at the local level. Generalized international experience is a valuable guide for setting long-term spatial development goals and implementing specific measures to achieve them. Practical aspects of spatial planning, such as innovative land use systems, implementation of renewable energy sources, inclusive residential and public spaces, protection and preservation of natural and cultural heritage, are illustrated by specific examples discussed in the article. This study is useful for professionals in spatial planning and community management, as well as for researchers, teachers, and students who focus on integrating natural science research into the practice of spatial development.

In recent years, numerous central and local governments around the world have been promoting digital transformation (DX). Although DX is an ambiguous concept, its core initiative involves the introduction and application of digital technology. Unique to recent government efforts is the promotion of utilizing digital technology not only within the ICT department but across a wide range of departments within the organization. The successful use of digital technology depends on the intrinsic motivation of each individual across these diverse department working on the issues in the field. In order to arouse employees' interest in digital technology and encourage them to change their behavior toward its use, it is necessary to understand what factors driving this interest. Accordingly, this research proposes a method to ascertain whether interest in digital technology is affected by its relevance to one's work and one's position within the organization. This method uses "seriousness of consideration" as a scale to measure factors that affect the behavior of local government officials. The method was examined using actual questionnaire data from local government officials, revealing that although general interest in digital technology does not differ significantly among officials, it varies as the seriousness of consideration increases.

Nowadays, the development of the digital environment and the global network covers almost all spheres of life. That is why special attention is focused on the provision of the educational process with appropriate teaching aids and curricula, so that schools, universities, educators, and professional development of educators meet modern national and global challenges and provide support in the field of digital technologies, developing and shaping modern digital competencies. The article presents an analysis of digitalization in higher education and the necessity to improve the professional development of higher school educators and professional development technologies related to this process. Based on an expert survey, educational trends in the era of educational digitalization, innovative pedagogical technologies, and teaching methods are determined. The results of the survey, related to the introduction of new pedagogical and digital technologies in the educational process, allow the authors to design a model for the professional development of educators in the direction of the digital transformation of the educational process.

Investments represent an essential element of economy. Technological progress and financial innovation become the key drivers of modern globalization. Therefore, information technologies as a basis of management and functioning of various spheres of modern economic life, including investment processes, play special role in the development of digital economy. Unstable geopolitical situation, fluctuations of the Russian economy, as well as political interests of other countries in the Russia's wealth confirm the relevance of the studied problem. In this connection, purpose of the study consists in analyzing possible ways of financing and crediting of Russia by third-party countries, as well as identifying trends and directions of financing in the context of globalization and digitalization of markets. Scientific relevance and novelty of the study consist in establishing the dependence of international financing and crediting of Russia on investment climate in the country and its sensitivity to various external and internal factors. At the same time, the investment climate in the country is influenced not only by administrative conditions, but also by economic factors. Fulfilling recommendations on ensuring direct foreign investments contributes to their attraction and provides additional opportunities for the country. Thus, investment activity and digital technologies are interconnected. Introduction of digital technologies in the future can radically change the nature of international investment by simplifying it and attracting larger capitals to the market. This will provoke a rapid increase in investment in the same digital technologies, accelerating the integration of these areas and bringing both to a qualitatively new level