ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКЕ: НАДЛЕЖАЩИЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ

Legal support of the use of Industry 4.0 technologies in the field of natural resource management and environmental protection

The article considers the main aspects of legal environmental protection in mining in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The existing environmental problems are highlighted, the issues of implementing effective legal mechanisms for environmental protection and business regulation are considered, as well as key theoretical concepts in this area, such as "legal environmental protection", "environmental risk", "environmental insurance". The necessity of adopting a special law in the field of legal environmental protection of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is indicated.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of legal regulation of the protection of wildlife in the use of mineral resources in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. According to the results of research of the basic strategic planning documents for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation it is proved that the specificity of protection of the wildlife of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation the implementation of separate types of economic activities, including the use of mineral resources that are not directly allocated. The necessity of securing the documents of strategic planning of development of the Arctic zone of environmental threats and risks, characteristics of environmental protection in the implementation of certain types of activities (including the protection of wildlife in the subsoil) and also the need for the adoption of the Federal law that protects the special ecological and legal status of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

The development of the Russian Northern territories is not only a domestic problem of this country, but also a global one. The Polar region, which is also called the Arctic area, attracts many and requires concentration of all forces on the solution of the problem of its development in the economic, social, military and strategic dimensions. In proportion to these circumstances, the role of legal aspects in the developing and emerging social relations also increases. Legal regulation for these parts of the Russian Northern territories and adjacent waters of the Arctic Ocean, constituting the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, requires certain uniformity. This can be achieved by improving public administration over the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, legislative recognition of its special status and the establishment of special regimes for natural resources, environmental protection, regulation of navigation along the seaways of the Northern sea route. It involves the formation of a special management procedure, i.e. the formation of a special administrative-legal regime. This is a complex task that requires scientific understanding of the problems that have a significant impact on the formation of the administrative legal regime in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

Purpose: investigation of the possibility of applying special regimes of economic activity on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods: the research methodology is based on methods of generalization, analogy, comparative and system analysis; the rules for assessing the effectiveness of the operation of special economic zones were used. Results: the expediency of applying special regimes of economic activity in the Arctic zone of Russia is considered. Mechanisms for establishing and operating such special economic regimes as special economic zones, territorial development zones, territories for outpacing socio-economic development, industrial parks, technoparks and clusters have been studied. The possibility of linking the supposed support zones of development in the Arctic with special modes of economic activity is considered. Conclusions and Relevance: the current trends in the social and economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the need to diversify the region's economy and attract investment determine the appropriateness of using such economic regimes that will contribute to the achievement of the objectives of state policy in the Arctic, taking into account specific conditions for managing the macroregion. The study allows us to conclude that at present there is no clear separation between the indicated regimes. Their effectiveness and effectiveness is not directly dependent on the number of benefits provided. At the present time, any of the existing special regimes in our country can be established on the territory of the Arctic zone of Russia. The adoption of such a decision should be based on a strategic vision for the development of the whole circumpolar region and its individual territories, and also be accompanied by an assessment of the falling incomes, planned tax revenues and the volume of benefits provided within a particular regime of economic activity., Moscow, Russian Federation

The subject of the work is the legal norms regulating social relations that arise in the process of environmental protection and the implementation of various activities in the Arctic, as well as data on the features and state of nature of the Arctic region. The aim of the work is to formulate a special concept aimed at protecting the environment and ensuring rational use of natural resources, which can be used to improve legal regulation in these areas. The methodological basis of the study was a system of various methods, logical techniques and means of cognition; general scientific, private and special methods were used in the process of work. Such as analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, induction, formal legal and others. The relevance of the research topic is indicated by the fact that the Arctic is a unique region of great importance both for the environment of the planet and for various aspects of human life. At the same time, the Arctic nature is characterized by increased sensitivity to various impacts, such as economic activity and climate change. Accordingly, the Arctic region needs special legal regulation of environmental protection and nature management. The paper gives a general description of the Arctic region. The main threats to the Arctic environment are considered on the example of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main result of the work is the special concept proposed in it, aimed at protecting the environment and ensuring rational use of natural resources in the Arctic. At the same time, the main idea of the concept is to create a single natural and ecological framework of the Arctic. The paper emphasizes that the application of this concept for the improvement and development of domestic legislation should not only increase the level of nature protection in the Arctic, but also contribute to ensuring the interests of the country for the sustainable development of the region.

Numerous specialized and unauthorized landfills and huge volumes of waste are a serious problem for the use of minerals. The country's system of solid waste management, based on burial, incinera-tion, partial processing, does not fully comply with the climatic and socio-economic characteristics of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Russia is one of eight members of the Arctic Council, international organizations promoting development of cooperation in the field of environmental protection and sustainable develop-ment of circumpolar areas. In 2001, the Arctic Council approved an Action Plan for the elimination of pollution in the Arctic. For the implementation of the Plan, a specially created expert group on waste supports and oversees pilot projects demonstrating environmentally friendly waste management in the Arctic. Waste dis-posal methods that do not meet environmental standards can contribute to soil, water and air pollution through toxic emissions. Improper waste management can also lead to transboundary emissions. While there is clear progress in this direction in Europe due to the implementation of effective public policies on waste and a focus on the transition to a circular economy, significant amounts of valuable resources remain untapped as a result of ineffective waste management in practice.

The national environmental law development agenda includes the creation of environmental administration law ideas, especially those related to the supervision of environmental management from a policy and legal perspective. In the context of the basic framework for national development, law has two sides. The concept of environmental administration law in monitoring environmental management which is based on UUPPLH is based on several things that require change or development that is more progressive, not conservative. It cannot be denied that institutions are very important for overseeing environmental management. According to Law no. 32 of 2009, legal efforts that can be taken in cases of environmental pollution by industry fall into three categories: law enforcement efforts in the administrative, criminal and civil fields. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, in addition to the government's authority to determine administrative sanctions, there are also strengthening aspects, namely forms of administrative sanctions and Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2013 concerning guidelines for implementing administrative sanctions. in the field of environmental protection and management. Keywords: Environment, State Administrative Law, Law Abstrak Agenda pembangunan hukum lingkungan hidup nasional mencakup penciptaan gagasan hukum administrasi lingkungan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan pengawasan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dari sudut pandang kebijakan dan hukum. Dalam konteks kerangka dasar pembangunan nasional, hukum memiliki dua sisi. Konsep hukum administrasi lingkungan dalam pengawasan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup yang didasarkan pada UUPPLH didasarkan pada beberapa hal yang menuntut perubahan atau pengembangan yang lebih progresif, bukan konservatif. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kelembagaan sangat penting untuk mengawasi pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009, upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan dalam kasus pencemaran lingkungan oleh industri termasuk dalam tiga kategori: upaya penegakan hukum dalam bidang administrasi, pidana, dan perdata. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di samping adanya kewenangan pemerintah atas penetapan sanksi administratif di dalamnya juga terdapat aspek penguatan yaitu bentuk-bentuk sanksi administratif dan Peraturan menteri lingkungan hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 tahun 2013 tentang pedoman penerapan sanksi administratif di bidang perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Kata Kunci : Lingkungan, Hukum Administrasi Negara, Undang- Undang

The development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation and its industrial exploration, requires solving many complex problems, including the creation of new highly efficient technologies for resource extraction and processing, better organization of production activities, transport, logistics, ensuring international standards of environmental safety, conservation and support of indigenous peoples, and many more. The current stage of the Arctic development and exploration requires highly effective organizational systems, the activities of which are determined by the interaction of the state and business structures.

The aim of the study is to substantiate the use of "ecosystem engineering" for the reclamation of disturbed lands in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and to assess its economic effectiveness. The study examines approaches to determining land reclamation, examines sources of financing for reclamation work, and analyzes the dynamics and structure of disturbed lands in the Arctic regions. The economic and environmental inconsistency of traditional methods of reclamation of disturbed lands in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is substantiated. The necessity of using specialized methods aimed at stabilizing the thermal regime and using the native biological potential to ensure the long-term environmental safety of the Arctic is proved.

Subject. Scientific and technological progress, mining disregarding environmental standards, throw-away economy, and other similar human activities have led to a new economic objective of environmental protection, waste disposal, and recycling. Any qualitative solution to an economic problem requires a quantitative measurement to calculate its scale and create political and organisational measures to eliminate it. State regulation and the support of a green economy means providing for and controlling the processes of enterprise cooperation aimed at waste optimisation and disposal as well as controlling waste recycling. Organisational measures include procedures aimed at the formation of cooperative ties. They also require procedures that form an accounting and analytic section, i.e. procedures for the acknowledgement, assessment, and disclosure of information about waste in financial statements. A realistic estimate and the control of waste as well as liquidation obligations related to its disposal will provide reliable information about the scale of environmental behaviour of each economic entity. Objectives. The study includes identifying tools for the development of a green economy. It proposes methods for environmental cooperation within the framework of waste-free and lean production, the development of conditions for the acknowledgement and correction of estimates of recyclable and non-recyclable waste, and methods for the efficient use of recyclable waste. Methods. The work involved the observation and generalisation of empirical data regarding the economic activities of economic entities and the study of scientific economic literature. It also used methods for the theoretical analysis of provisions of regulatory documents regarding the state control of activities in the field of environmental protection and waste management. Conclusions. The paper presents a study of different types of effective environmental behaviour of economic entities. Such behaviour requires comprehensive measures aimed at using cooperative relations between economic entities and improving the accounting policies of participants of economic relations to reduce waste and to meet liquidation obligations for waste disposal and the remediation of the environment. The proposed tools for the development of a green economy, ways of acknowledging environmental costs, their estimation, control, and saving the environment will make it possible to effectively use limited natural resources.

The article examines the problems of the state administration apparatus, using the example of the Committee on Environmental Management, Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety of St. Petersburg.The subject of the study is the activities of the Committee on Natural Use, Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety in St. Petersburg. The Committee on Environmental Management, Environmental Protection and Environmental Safety of St. PetersburgOffice of The Environment, Use, Conservation and Reproduction of Natural Resources.The Committee’s tools include: legislative activities, organizing events, ensuring the organization of monitoring, organization and control, informing the population, legal entities in the field of environmental protection. The Committee’s main activity is to implement the «Environmental Policy of St. Petersburg for the period up to 2030.»From 2013 to 2019, measures to reduce negative impacts and pollution in the environment, air and water resources have been implemented.Despite the large number of activities implemented, achieving the Committee’s objectives and environmental policies presents a number of challenges. This article aims to develop proposals to improve the stimulation of the population and business community, to ensure a favorable state of the environment, as well as to preserve natural ecological systems and natural resources to meet the needs of future generations, to realize the right of every person to a favorable environment and to ensure the environmental safety of St. Petersburg.

The main source of misdemeanor law is the Law on Misdemeanors, but it does not prescribe any offense. Violations are prescribed by numerous laws, by-laws, provincial and local decisions. Whether the offenses will be prescribed by the republic, provincial or local regulations depends on which jurisdiction is regulating a particular area of social life. Numerous laws, regulations, but also provincial and local decisions prescribe misdemanors for protection of the environment. The object of the author's attention is the misdemeanor protection of the environment, which represents one kind of penal law protection of the environment. Considering that there are numerous regulations that prescribe violations in the field of environmental protection, the authors analyze the misdemeanor provisions of two laws - the Law on Environmental Protection and the Law on Waste Management. The criterion for the selection of these laws is the fact that these are the basic laws in the field of environment and waste management. For the purpose of this work was carried out research in the Misdemeanor's Court in Novi Sad. The study refers to offenses that are prescribed by the Law on Environmental Protection and the Law on Waste Management. The research was conducted for 2017.

The book outlines the basic concepts in the field of environmental protection, land management, environmental regulation, environmental and land management expertise. The list of objects of environmental expertise has been updated. The problems of land management in connection with the issues of environmental management and environmental expertise of land management documentation are considered. The article presents scientific and legal approaches to the formation of a system of environmental regulation of soil quality. The issues of organizing a comprehensive data Bank and conducting an assessment of the environmental potential of territories are considered. The book is intended for undergraduate students, undergraduates, postgraduates and specialists in the field of ecology and soil science.

In the context of the development of the new era, the continuous innovation of artificial intelligence and information technology not only provides a new direction for the development and innovation of enterprises, but also continuously optimize the practical work efficiency and development benefits. Especially for environmental protection and water conservation management, based on modern information technology and communication technology, in-depth research can change the traditional mode of work, and put forward new environmental protection and water conservation management countermeasures. Therefore, this paper studies the application of high-resolution satellite remote sensing technology with big data technology as the core in environmental protection and water protection management of power transmission projects, focusing on the analysis of how to use satellite remote sensing technology for environmental protection and water protection management, including the application principle, application scope, operation process and so on. According to the actual case, the application advantages of high-resolution satellite remote sensing technology in environmental protection and water conservation management are clarified