ОСНОВНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПОНЯТТЯ ЛОГІСТИКИ І СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЛАНЦЮГАМИ ПОСТАЧАНЬ

Over the past few decades, the use of e-commerce in business has increased significantly. More and more companies that used to focus exclusively on offline operations are beginning to consider e-commerce as a promising area of strategic development. As a result, studying the state of the e-commerce market in Ukraine, as well as trends and barriers to its development, will allow to develop an understanding of the peculiarities of the functioning and growth of business entities in the context of the Ukrainian online environment. In this regard, it is worth paying special attention to the study of the specifics of the development of the e-commerce market as a strategic recovery of the Ukrainian economy. The subject of the study is the process of development of the Ukrainian e-commerce market in the conditions of war. The purpose is to research and analyse the state of the e-commerce market in Ukraine in the context of growing instability caused by the war, as well as to identify key issues and trends in the development of the e-commerce system in an unstable and changing environment. The questions of this study require the use of a combination of general scientific and modern research methods, among which the most important are the method of system analysis (when studying the approaches and points of view of Ukrainian and Western scientists), economic and statistical analysis (to determine the trends in the development of e-commerce in Ukraine), analysis and synthesis (when studying the types and models of e-commerce), graphic analysis (to visualize a number of theoretical and practical provisions of the article). The article examines the state of the e-commerce market in Ukraine during the war. It finds that until 2022 there was a significant increase in the volume and growth rate of the e-commerce market. With the outbreak of the war, the market experienced a dramatic drop in volume, but from 2023 significant stabilisation processes took place. The importance of further development of the e-commerce market not only during the war, but also to overcome its consequences during the post-war recovery period is determined. Conclusions. Ukrainian e-commerce is experiencing high growth rates. The barriers to entering the online market are relatively low and the benefits of e-commerce for users and entrepreneurs are tangible. However, at the current stage, the Ukrainian e-commerce market has many unresolved issues that hinder its development. If the key issues are effectively addressed, the development of e-commerce in Ukraine will have a future.

Objective. The objective of the article is theoretical and practical study of the factors influencing the economic situation on the marketing activities of the enterprise and product promotion, in particular, the application of the results of analysis and forecasting of the current state of the relevant product market when determining the directions for the use of Internet marketing tools. Methods. To achieve the goal, general scientific and special research methods are applied, in particular: the method of synthesis and analysis, methods of comparisons, generalizations and analogies, the method of comparative comparison and analysis of scientific publications, tabular and graphoanalytical methods. Results. As a result of the conducted theoretical and practical study of the factors of conjunctural influence on the marketing activity of the enterprise and the promotion of the product, the main directions of application of the results of the analysis and forecasting of the situation of the relevant product market are outlined when determining the directions of application of Internet marketing tools. The need to use Internet marketing tools for promoting goods and services based on preliminary analysis and forecasting of the market conditions is substantiated. The essence and prospects of the use of Internet marketing as a hybrid technology in the conditions of the modern information society are determined. The main components of Internet marketing, divided into targeted marketing, search and Internet promotion of goods, are specified. The main areas of application of digital technologies to attract and retain consumers are outlined. An algorithmic scheme of the relationship between market research and Internet marketing is proposed, which justifies the need to analyze and forecast the market conditions of the relevant product markets before using Internet marketing tools and allows presenting the entire process of marketing communications as a closed system model from the point of view of enterprise interaction and the market.

The residential real estate market plays a key role in the development of global and national economies, since it has acted as a powerful driver of GDP growth, increasing the level of employment, household incomes, and profitability of financial institutions, construction organizations and trading enterprises. The house price growth has two dimensions, threat to financial stability and source of economic development. The aim of this research is to formulate a list of criteria, based on which one can decide whether the house price at a given stage of housing market development needs to be constrained or not. The aim is achieved by a multi-perspective analysis of residential real estate market in Ukraine and its evolution. This research is based on general scientific and special methods of cognition, including abstract logical reasoning, grouping, and statistical analysis. The factors that con­tribute to the growth of house prices are formed using the method of principal component analysis, and the effect is estimated using least squares regression. Five stages of the evolution of the Ukrainian residential real estate market are identified according to two general indicators: housing price growth and credit activity. The segmentation is based on signi­ficant changes in market conditions and/or changes in housing price drivers, as well as changes in the regulatory environment. Factors affecting house prices at each of these stages were investigated using principal component analysis to identify variables for regression analysis. A set of criteria has been formed using which one can assess if the current rise in housing prices poses systemic risks to the national financial system and overall economy. Three hypotheses were put forward and their empirical verification was carried out, according to the results of which it was established that demand factors had the greatest impact on housing prices during the observation period; macro-financial conditions primarily affect prices on the primary real estate market; lending conditions affect price dynamics mainly only at the first stage of development of the housing market in Ukraine, which are determined in this study. The main drivers of the housing market in Ukraine are the unemployment rate, income growth levels, and population size. The conclusions drawn can significantly contribute to the monitoring system of the housing market in Ukraine and the analysis of the systemic risks it generates.

Creating a land market is one of the most debated and politicised issues of Ukraine’s environmental and agricultural policy. There is an urgent need to examine the following issues (among others): a) identifying priority measures for establishing the land market; b) studying the experience of public land management so as to further adapt the land legislation of Ukraine to the requirements of the European Union; and c) maintaining the domestic agrarian sector in the context of effective conservation of the State’s land resources. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the preconditions and realities of opening up the agricultural land market in Ukraine, including to formulate sound conclusions on the practical consequences of such reforms for domestic landowners. It was researched applying two basic approaches to scientific cognition – general scientific methods and special legal methods. It elaborates the conditions for the introduction of a land market in Ukraine; analyses the historical prerequisites for the implementation of land reform; identifies the main risks for landowners that come into play with the opening of the land market; and formulates further directions of improvement of relevant legal regulations and mechanisms. Noting that currently Ukrainians have the least amount of investment capital and extremely limited access to loans, it concludes that, under current legislation, without a clear definition of the right to purchase their own land, the holders of private farms and other small farmers will struggle to gain access to the Ukrainian land market.

Introduction. Life insurance arises from the need for individuals to provide financial protection and security for themselves and their families. It can be used as a tool for accumulating financial resources and as a means of pension planning. Life insurance in Ukraine remains less developed compared to other European countries due to low confidence in insurance companies, a difficult economic situation in the country, and the lack of proper legislative regulation in this area of insurance. Problem Statement. The increasing proportion of elderly people, according to demographic projections, determines the corresponding requirements for reforming primarily the social security sphere, and life insurance could become one of the effective ways of supplemental social security. Purpose. To highlight the potentialities of using life insurance as supplemental social security. Methods. We used general scientific and special methods, i.e. analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization, and abstract-logical methods. Results. It is emphasized that life insurance inherently aims at additional protection and support of the financial and social welfare of the population. It is noted that in most developed countries, life insurance is integrated into the social security system. It is proved that life insurance in Ukraine is not a mandatory part of the social security system, but is available on a voluntary basis through insurance companies. The number of insured citizens and life insurance contracts concluded by life insurers in Ukraine during the last 5 years has been analyzed. Research of the voluntary life insurance market in Ukraine has been conducted and an overview of the programs offered by insurance companies according to the classes of insurance has been made. Conclusions. Life insurance as an opportunity for supplemental social security has a significant potential in our country. However, the impact of some negative factors, in particular, military aggression, and an underdeveloped stock market hinders the development of the voluntary life insurance market and the possibility to expand the share of the insured population of our country. Taking into account statistics, which are aggravated by the military situation in the country, there is a need for clearly defined legislative conditions for the use of life insurance as a supplemental method of social security.

The subject of research: theoretical and organizational aspects of personal military accounting at enterprises and directions for their improvement. The purpose of the study of issues of organization and maintenance of military records in Ukraine in the conditions of modern challenges and threats. Method or methodology for conducting research. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific dialectical method, methods of induction, deduction. When studying the theory and current practice of military accounting at domestic enterprises, the methods of evaluation, comparison, comparison, grouping, and classification were used. When researching the normative and legal foundations of the organization of military accounting in Ukraine, its role in the implementation of the state's mobilization policy, the following were used: for the purpose of comprehensive knowledge of the object of research - dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of various types of military accounting - the method of comparison and logical generalization; for the purpose of visual representation of the material, theoretical and practical provisions - a method of observation, generalization and graphic representation of data. The results of research and conclusions. The article examines current issues regarding the organizational and legal support of the organization and keeping military records in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the organization and maintenance of military accounting at enterprises were analyzed and critically evaluated, taking into account modern conditions. The components of the mechanism of effective interaction with the district (city) territorial centers of recruitment and social support in matters of military record keeping are defined, problems are outlined and ways to solve them are proposed.

UDC 330.1; 334; JEL L32The purpose of the work is to form a modern understanding of PPP based on the “from history to modernity” approach. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were solved: evolutionary of the theoretical approaches to understanding PPP were analyzed; a new vision on PPP was formed (as not an independent organization, but a component of investment attractiveness ensuring). Research methodology. To achieve the purpose, the following general scientific and special methods and techniques of research were used: systematic and comparative analysis of scientific literature based on methods of comparison, classification, systematization, and generalization; generalization of the results of the analysis and logical generation of conclusions. Results. The evolutionary theoretical approaches to understanding PPP were analyzed. The understanding of PPP as a new direction of interaction between the state and a private investor has been refuted. It was proved that the PPP institution is not new, and its origins are recorded in distant historical references was proved. A new vision on PPP as a factor of investment attractiveness ensuring has been formed. The interaction of the investor with the state, namely PPP, as a factor which influence the investment attractiveness was highlighted. Scientific novelty. It was determined that in the implementation of the investment idea a potential investor considers the possibility of cooperation as one of the key factors determining his decisions to cooperate was determined. That is, today, PPP is considered not only as an independent definition, but also as a factor influencing the decision to invest. The role of PPP in the system of ensuring investment attractiveness has been proved and justified. Practical value. A niche for prospective studies has been defined - the development of state interaction with a private investor based on game theory, which ensuring that each side benefits in equal proportions.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to modernize the information and communication support of medical institutions of Ukraine to improve the quality of medical care and medical services. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, scientific works of leading foreign and domestic scientists, international and domestic regulations on health care. General scientific and special research methods are used to achieve this goal, in particular: the method of system analysis – to study the information and communication support of medical institutions as a system; the method of structural analysis – to study the structure of the software of the medical information system “Doctor Eleks”; the method of comparison – to compare different methods of information processing in the studied medical information system. Findings. The need for modernization of information and communication support of medical institutions is determined. Prospects for the introduction of medical information systems in health care facilities, such as the “Doctor Elex” information system, are substantiated. Examples of introduction of the medical information system "Doctor Eleks" in foreign and domestic medical institutions are considered. The advantages of the researched medical information system “Doctor Eleks” for: management staff, medical staff and registry staff are formed. The software of the medical information system “Doctor Eleks” is analysed in detail in the context of the main modules: “registry”, “doctor”, “laboratory”, “administration”, “templates”. It is proved that the introduction of the medical information system “Doctor Eleks” in the activities of medical institutions will significantly increase the level of coordination of its staff and will positively affect the quality of medical care and medical services. Originality. The mechanism of introduction of modern information technologies in activity of medical institutions as the factor of increase of quality of medical service on the basis of use of the information system “Doctor Eleks”, which is developed for automation of work of medical institutions is offered. Practical value. The detailed analysis of the advantages of the medical information system “Doctor Eleks” can be useful for directors of domestic medical institutions in choosing the priorities of modernization of their information and communication support. Key words: medical institutions, information and communication support, e-medicine, medical information systems, innovative technologies.

Aim. To analyze the range of prolonged-release dosage forms at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market focusing on the pharmacotherapeutic groups that are insufficiently saturated with prolonged-release drugs, in particular to determine the proportion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Materials and methods. The research was conducted in accordance with the data of the State Registry of Medicines of Ukraine and the АТС classification system. The methods of scientific analysis, in particular methods of grouping and comparison, marketing methods of analysis were applied. Results. The study of the assortment of prolonged-release drugs registered at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market has been performed. The structure of the assortment by manufacturer, dosage forms, the АТС classification system has been analyzed. As a result of the study, it has been found that 202 trade names of prolonged-release drugs are registered in Ukraine. Most of them (196 names, 84 %) are medicines of foreign manufacturers. Prolonged-release drugs registered in Ukraine are mostly presented in the form of tablets and capsules, but tablets (72.77 %) are the largest part. The analysis of distribution of prolonged-release drugs by the ATC classification groups has shown that a significant number of prolonged-release drugs belongs to group N – Nervous system (80 trade names), and group C – Cardiovascular system (44 trade names). The share of group M – Musculoskeletal system, in particular prolonged-release NSAIDs, is insignificant (9 trade names). Conclusions. The marketing research of the prolonged-release drugs conducted allowed us to characterize the structure of the assortment of the Ukrainian market by pharmacotherapeutic groups, manufacturers and dosage forms. As a result of the research, the current assortment of prolonged-release NSAIDs has been determined.

The purpose of the research. Research of the current state of the domestic air transport market and international experience of state support of this sector, identification of opportunities and threats to its functioning in Ukraine, as well as development of directions for its future development. Methodology. A set of methods used to highlight the theoretical, legal and applied aspects of the operation of the air transport market, namely: methods of generalization, comparison, analysis, synthesis and systematic approach. Results. The role of the air transportation market in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has been determined. The peculiarities of the development of the international air transportation market are also determined. The current state of the air transportation development is evaluated and the specifics of its state regulation in Ukraine are highlighted. The basic directions of perspective development of the air transportation market in Ukraine are substantiated. Practical meaning. Possibility of using the results of the research by the state authorities in the development of the main directions of support for the development of the domestic air transportation market under the conditions of creating a system of market differentiation into segments of air transportation; use of various forms of interaction; increase in the number of flights due to the creation of transfer passenger flows, transportation in the regions by hub airports (hubs); technical improvement; establishment of a single airport network in conjunction with efficient use of airport property; increase of investment activity of aviation enterprises. Prospects for further research. We see the prospects for further research outlined in the article in the development of mechanisms for the implementation of directions for the future development of the air transport market in Ukraine.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to assess the main trends of financial integration in the Middle East, shaped by civilizational factors, and to identify the peculiarities of Islamic finance development in the context of global challenges. Methodology of research. The following general scientific and special research methods were used to achieve the set goal: analysis and synthesis, historical-logical – for formulating theoretical generalizations and conclusions; system analysis method; methods of induction and deduction; comparison method – for identifying the peculiarities of integration processes in the Middle East; method of graphical visualization to display trends and dynamics of financial integration. Findings. It is argued that regional integration processes do not contradict globalization processes, but significant differences are observed between regions. It is substantiated that the issue of economic integration requires the development of innovative approaches to its understanding, including through the growing role of civilizational factors in these processes. The article confirms the multidimensionality of financial integration issues, including through the integration of financial markets. The peculiarities of financial integration in the Middle East are revealed, where identity is preserved and new technologies are introduced. The institutional provision of financial integration in the region is considered, and different degrees of involvement of countries in the region in integration processes are identified. The principles of Islamic finance are analysed and their role in the development of financial integration is confirmed. The stability of Islamic finance during crises and their social orientation are substantiated. An assessment of the investment component of financial integration is carried out. The role of fintech in the development of the region is identified, and the main challenges for financial integration are determined. Originality. Approaches to the systematic analysis of the civilizational prerequisites for the formation of financial integration in the Middle East have gained further development, the main innovative trends for the region regarding the institutional basis of financial integration and the introduction of new financial technologies were identified, which allowed to formulate the peculiarities of Islamic finance development in the region, which, along with internal challenges, feels the impact of global ones. Practical value. The conclusions, recommendations and substantiated results of research can be used in the development of strategic directions of partnership with Middle Eastern countries, borrowing the experience of countries in the region regarding the introduction of Islamic financial model tools. Key words: Middle East, civilizational preconditions of development, global challenges, foreign investments, regional economic integration, sustainable development, financial integration, financial markets, financial technologies.

Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of current trends in investment support of the domestic agricultural sector in the context of current European practice and justification of promising areas of investment activity in agriculture of Ukraine. Methodology of research. A set of general scientific and specific methods of economic research is used when writing the article, in particular, methods of theoretical generalizations: analysis, abstract and logical method (substantiating modern trends in investment support of the agricultural sector of Ukraine and the EU); economic and statistical methods (when assessing the dynamics of investment in the domestic agricultural sector); methods of comparison and scientific synthesis (in substantiation of priority forms and directions of development of investment activity of agriculture of Ukraine taking into account the leading experience of the European practice); methods of graphic display of the received results of researches. Findings. It is determined that the level of investment security and investment activity of the national agricultural sector, in comparison with European practice, remains low. Significant differences are also characterized by key areas of investment in agriculture in Ukraine and within the EU agricultural sector. The main tendencies of investment support of agribusiness of European countries are analysed, features of financing of investment projects and tendencies of shift of geographical structure of agrarian investments towards the countries of North Africa and Asia are revealed. Some aspects of the European policy of investment in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy are analysed. The financial and geographical structure of sources of investment flows of domestic agriculture is studied. Originality. The priorities of investment activity of the agrarian sector of the national economy are combined with the key modern tendencies of investment provision of agriculture of the EU countries for realization of possibilities of search of joint investment directions and projects, and also financial instruments of their realization. Practical value. The trends and features of investment support of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the context of modern European practice revealed as a result of research allowed to substantiate the priority areas of further development of investment activities and possible options for its financial support in the domestic agricultural sector in the near future. Key words: investment flows, investment activity, agrarian sector, agribusiness, financial provision, EU countries, strategic development.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse modern situation with consumer protection in e-pharmacy, as well as the challenges consumer face today. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study is grounded in the principles of consumer protection, international trade law, and e-commerce regulation. It examines the interplay between the legal frameworks governing e-pharmacies and the challenges consumers face in the digital environment. Method: General scientific and special methods of scientific research were used in the article. The methods of analysis and synthesis made it possible to isolate and generalize the existing legal material for understanding the consumer protection in e-pharmacies and to form the authors’ point of view of its essence. Methods of comparison and analogy, abstraction, and modelling were used in order to study the problems consumer protection in e-pharmacies. The generalization method made it possible to draw important and appropriate conclusions based on the conducted research. Results and Discussion: The current situation with the protection of consumers buying in e-pharmacies from the point of view of the availability of legal regulation of this issue, both at the international and national levels, has been analysed. The main problems that consumers encounter are highlighted. Contributions: E-pharmacies consumers are not protected today. Therefore, practical cooperation between international and national structures, between consumers and business, is important for protecting the rights of consumers in e-pharmacies. This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal - Good Health and Well-being, as it aims to enhance the safety and accessibility of pharmaceutical products in digital commerce. Additionally, it contributes to SDG - Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions, by emphasizing the need for robust regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms to protect consumers and maintain trust in e-pharmacy systems.

The article is devoted to the study of the foundation and functioning of the agricultural cooperation. The aim of the article is to analyze the historical development of the agricultural cooperation on the territory of Ukraine from ancient times to the present. The article reveals the main stages of the development of the agricultural cooperation, at each of which the peculiarities of its functioning are investigated. For the first time the concept of cooperation was implemented by the «Rochdale pioneers» in October 1844, while in Ukraine the starting point for the beginning of the cooperation activity is 1866, the year of approval of the Kharkiv Consumer Society charter, that testifies to the long history of the cooperation on the territory of Ukraine and the presence of significant experience of the national cooperative movement. In order to resume the development of agricultural cooperation on July 21, 2020, was adopted a new edition of the Law of Ukraine «On Agricultural Cooperation», which developers of the legal act consider to be the «Constitution» of agricultural cooperation. In the course of the research, it was found that to date, in the modern science of agrarian law, insufficient attention is paid to the study of the historical aspects of the foundation and functioning of the agricultural cooperation, despite the fact that agricultural cooperation has a special social and economic significance for our state, and is an integral part of the national agrarian policy, which determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. The author concluded that the study of the historical experience of the foundation and functioning of the agricultural cooperation will contribute to the determination of the main guidelines for the modernization of the state agricultural policy at the current stage, the prevention of the repeated adoption of erroneous decisions, the elimination of factors that restrain the development of agricultural cooperation, and the provision of favorable conditions for the effective functioning of cooperative movement. The article is based on methods of synthesis and analysis, historical, formal and logical, as well as other general scientific and special research methods.

Introduction. The research presents the justification for measures to develop a competitive environment on the market of municipal heat and power engineering in Ukraine and qualitative transformations in this area. It is indicated on the problem of the entry of new entities on the market of thermal power engineering and a number of factors that cause it. The identified problem is reduced to the development on the basis of study and adaptation of international experience of the functioning of competitive heat supply rhythms, practical recommendations for the development of a competitive heat supply market in Ukraine. Purpose. The article aims to study the foreign experience of functioning of the competitive district heating market and its adaptation to the Ukrainian realities for the formation of a competitive environment in the district heating market of Ukraine. Method (methodology). In the process of research, the following methods have been used: method of synthesis, method of analysis, method of comparison, method of synthesis and method of induction. Results. In this paper, the following concepts have been scientifically substantiated: competitiveness, third party access to the networks, financial unbundling and property unbundling. Proposals for increasing competition within the framework of district heating systems have been developed. They are justified on the basis of the following reasons: increasing competition and the share of renewable fuels in heat production, benefiting from the existing infrastructure of the heat supply network without the risk of investing in their own infrastructure, etc. The models, which promote the introduction of European experience of development of a competitive environment on the market of heat supply according to the Ukrainian market, are considered. Accordingly, it is selected a model that can perfectly be implemented in the Ukrainian heat supply market. The approach of increasing the efficiency of competitiveness through a number of measures is proposed. It concerns the development of a transparent mechanism for the connection of independent producers to the grids, requirements for the establishment of individual tariffs by type of activity, bonding of ownership of heat generation.