Связь когнитивной иллюзии возраста с благополучием в юношеском возрасте

Optimism is a construct considered fundamental for human functioning and well-being; however, few studies link optimism to subjective and psychological well-being during childhood and adolescence. Therefore, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the prospective relationships between dispositional optimism, and subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) through a prospective study with 479 children aged 10.74 years old (SD = 0.72) and 503 adolescents aged 13.41 years old (SD = 1.09). Two cross-lagged models were calculated, one for each group, which responded the questionnaires in two waves one year apart from each other. The results of the first cross-lagged model with children show positive and prospective relationships between optimism (Time 1) and the cognitive and affective components of SWB (Time 2) and the indicator of PWB (Time 2). Equivalent results are observed in the cross-lagged model conducted with the adolescent sample. Finally, multi-group analysis was performed to evaluate the existence of gender-based invariance. The findings indicated variations between the models, notably, a more pronounced influence of optimism on psychological well-being was discerned among girls, encompassing both childhood and adolescence. The results were discussed, emphasizing the relevance of developing optimism as a dispositional trait at early ages.

We study the subjective psychological well-being of adolescents in the unity of cognitive-evaluative, affective components and satisfaction of basic life needs. Sample: 207 adolescents aged 14–17 years (107 adolescents, pupils of state orphanages, and 100 adolescents living in parental families). Research methods: the scale of life satisfaction (E. Diener), the scale of satisfaction of life needs O.S. Kopina, developed in connection with the tasks of studying the questionnaire of satisfaction with different areas of life, self-assessment of living conditions and different aspects of life activity; questionnaire of life events, containing questions about the number of significant events of the past, present and future and emotional attitude to them. It is shown that satisfaction with life is a general indicator in the structure of subjective psychological well-being of adolescents associated with assessments of satisfaction with various aspects of life and the level of satisfaction of needs. The specificity of the parameters of the subjective psychological well-being of adolescents living in different family and social conditions is revealed, which manifests itself in satisfaction with different aspects of life, in satisfaction of basic needs, as well as in those areas of life in which activity contributes to the subjective well-being of the individual. The study of multilevel indicators of subjective psychological well-being revealed their inclusion in the sign and meaningful characteristics of the factors included in the statistical analysis, which confirmed our understanding of this phenomenon in the unity of cognitive, emotional components and indicators of needs satisfaction.

Mindful learning is widely known to improve learning outcomes, yet its association with students’ well-being remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mindful learning on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) in postgraduate students, using survey questionnaires and a randomized experimental design. In Study 1, correlation and regression analyses based on 236 postgraduate students revealed significant positive associations among mindful learning, SWB, and PWB. In Study 2, 54 students were randomly assigned to three groups: the experimental (which received Mindful Learning Coaching), active-, and blank control groups. The results from repeated-measures ANOVA showed that coaching significantly improved students’ mindful learning. The participants’ SWB and PWB significantly decreased in both the active- and blank control groups, whilst their SWB and PWB tended to increase in the experimental group. In conclusion, mindful learning, SWB, and PWB are significantly correlated, while the enhancement of mindful learning may be a protective factor in students’ well-being.

Introduction. This study addresses the need to further contextualize research on well-being (e.g., Kjell, 2011) in terms of cross-cultural aspects of personality traits among adolescents and by examining two different conceptualizations of well-being: subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e., positive relations with others, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, autonomy, personal growth, and life purpose).Methods. Iranian (N = 122, mean age 15.23 years) and Swedish (N = 109, mean age 16.69 years) adolescents were asked to fill out a Big Five personality test, as well as questionnaires assessing subjective well-being and psychological well-being.Results. Swedes reported higher subjective and psychological well-being, while Iranians reported higher degree of Agreeableness, Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism and Extraversion did not differ between cultures. Neuroticism was related to well-being within both cultures. Openness was related to well-being only among Iranians, and Extraversion only among Swedes. A mediation analysis within the Swedish sample, the only sample meeting statistical criteria for mediation analysis to be conducted, demonstrated that psychological well-being mediated the relationship between Neuroticism and subjective well-being as well as between Extraversion and subjective well-being.Conclusions. Certain personality traits, such as Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness, relate differently to well-being measures across cultures. Meanwhile, Neuroticism seems to relate similarly across cultures at least with regard to subjective well-being. Furthermore, the results give an indication on how psychological well-being might mediate the relationship between certain personality traits and subjective well-being. Overall, the complexity of the results illustrates the need for more research whilst supporting the importance of contextualizing well-being research.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the influence of family holiday travel on the subjective well-being (SWB) of Chinese adolescents. Surveys were distributed at two public middle schools in the urban area of a large city located in the eastern part of Mainland China. Participants were middle school students aged between 12 and 15 years (grades 7–9). By using Labor Day in China as an experimental context, this study applied a longitudinal research design. Findings suggest that family holiday travel influences the global life satisfaction; contentment with school, self and leisure life; positive and negative affects of adolescents. In particular, there is a short-term lift-up effect of family holiday travel on the SWB of adolescent travelers. However, the results suggest that the benefits of family holiday travel in terms of SWB diminish when adolescent students return to school. Moreover, students who travel with their families during holidays have significantly higher post-holiday SWB than their non-traveling counterparts. The current study advances our knowledge on the influence of family travel on the SWB of adolescents. Recommendations for parents, schools, and the government were put forward.

The article defines terms on mental health and emotional well-being of adolescents and adolescents, and outlines major trends in mental health and emotional well-being of young people over the past decades. The aim of the article is to highlight and establish the importance of emotional and subjective well-being in adolescence and youth, to identify their further influence on the formation of the personality and its full life. Adolescence is seen as a critical period of development with long-term effects on the health and well-being of the individual. It is stated that the central factor in the health and well-being of adolescents is the interaction of young people with their environment, with people and attitudes in their daily lives. The most important determinants of adolescents' health are in their environment, as well as the choices and opportunities for improving the health or adverse behaviors of today's society. Factors that influence on the subjective and emotional well-being (sleep deprivation, increased stress, social relationships, the impact of violence) have been taken into account. The components and characteristics that support emotional and subjective well-being are identified, such as: self-esteem, motivation, stability, self-efficacy, hope and optimism, while high levels of anxiety, depression and stress can interfere with emotional health and well-being. In determining the factors that affect the emotional and subjective well-being of adolescents and youths, it is important to take into account the multidimensional nature of well-being and what sources and factors form it. The main sources affecting the sense of self and overall well-being of a person in adolescence and youth are family, community, peers, school environment and teachers. The modern world and the environment of human development are constantly changing, which has a significant impact on the well-being of the individual and its further development. Such changes are important elements for the continued successful interaction of adolescents and young people and their integration in society.

This study aims to add new knowledge about what aspects adolescents between 11 and 16 years old consider important to achieve full satisfaction in life (AFSL) and to explore the relationship between these aspects, sociodemographic variables and subjective and psychological well-being indicators. The sample is comprised of 763 secondary school pupils from Girona province (north-eastern Spain) who were subject to five psychometric instruments for measuring subjective well-being, one instrument for measuring psychological well-being and the list of aspects that they consider important to achieve full satisfaction in life (AFSLs: Casas et al. 2013). Being happy, having a good time, experiencing new things and feeling that I make other people happy are the AFSLs that score highest across all age groups. The OLS (Campbell et al. 1976) is the subjective well-being indicator that correlates with the most AFSLs. Appreciating the small things in life is an AFSL that contributes to explaining the well-being measured with all the psychometric instruments used and feeling that you are a fair and honest person contributes to explaining all of them except the OLS.

Obesity is a major global health challenge, particularly in Saudi Arabia (SA). Weight perceptions (WPs), how individuals perceive their body weight, are associated with psychological well-being. This study extends previous research by examining whether dispositional gratitude (DG), body appreciation (BA), and weight self-stigma (WSS) mediate the relationships between WPs and psychological well-being as measured by subjective well-being (SWB) and satisfaction with life (SWL). 900 SA young adults (Mage= 24.79 years, SD = 8.46, 62% female) participated in a cross-sectional online survey assessing WPs, SWB, SWL, DG, BA, WSS. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation with bootstrap was employed to evaluate parallel mediation models, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, and education. Model fit was assessed via χ², CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR. Participants had a mean BMI of 24.88 (SD = 5.90) and 38% had body weight misperceptions. For SWL, full mediation was supported (χ²(1) = 6.94, p = .008, CFI = 0.994, TLI = 0.839, RMSEA = 0.082, SRMR = 0.010). WPs were negatively associated with DG (β = - 0.176, p < .001) and BA (β = - 0.334, p < .001), but positively associated with WSS (β = 0.408, p < .001). Indirect associations were significant through DG (β = -0.064, p < .001), BA (β = -0.059, p < .001), and WSS (β = -0.042, p = .008) with total indirect association (β = -0.166, p < .001), explaining 27.6% variance in SWL. Similar results for SWB showed full mediation, with significant total indirect association (β = -0.153, p < .001), explaining 21.6% variance in SWB. These findings underscore the mediating roles of DG, BA, and WSS in the relationships between WPs and psychological well-being, suggesting that interventions targeting these factors could enhance psychological well-being among vulnerable young SA young adults living with obesity, especially those with weight misperceptions.

This study uses representative samples of 10- and 12-year-olds from the third wave of the Children’s Words international survey (N = 48,499 10-year-olds from 35 countries, and N= 44,692 12-year-olds from 30 countries) to explore the relationship between four main economic indicators at the country level and a selection of children’s subjective well-being (SWB) indicators. The economic indicators included measures of wealth and wealth inequality, while the SWB indicators included general cognitive and affective indicators of the components of SWB and a selection of satisfaction items with specific life domains or aspects of children’s lives. Separated systematic linear regressions were calculated for each age group—each economic indicator being regressed on each SWB general indicator and on each of the selected satisfaction items. As is the case with previous research, the results do not display significant associations between economic indicators and cognitive SWB when using children’s data at the population level. In contrast, associations were identified between economic and affective indicators, and between the former and the correlation between affective and cognitive SWB at the country level. These results suggest that the affective and cognitive components of children’s SWB display idiosyncratic associations with both wealth and inequality indicators at this level, and that it is very important to analyse SWB components separately. This study also shows that satisfaction with some specific life domains (e.g.: with life as a student, time use or the freedom the child has) may display associations with some economic indicators at the macro level, while satisfaction with other life domains may not, meaning that overall life satisfaction may offer different associations with economic indicators, depending on children’s satisfaction with various life domains in each country. These associations may change with age in some cases. Findings contribute to questioning the hitherto widespread belief that a country’s macro-economic situation has little or no impact on children’s well-being and invite the use of children’s SWB indicators from a quadripartite conception—including overall satisfaction with life and life domains, positive affect and negative affect—to monitor the implementation of public policies aimed at children.

Occupational therapy practitioners can use therapeutic activity to promote veterans' well-being, but the mechanisms through which participation promotes well-being are poorly understood. To examine whether coping ability, meaningful activity, and social support mediate the relationship between participation and two indicators of veterans' overall well-being: life meaning (psychological well-being) and life satisfaction (subjective well-being). Explanatory cross-sectional design. We used two multiple mediation models to test whether coping ability, meaningful activity, and social support explained the relationship between participation and both life meaning and life satisfaction. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics and service-related health conditions (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder). Community. Three hundred eighty-nine community-based veterans attending college. None. Measures of participation, coping ability, meaningful activity, social support, life meaning, life satisfaction, and service-related health conditions. Meaningfulness of activity partially explained the relationship between participation and both psychological well-being (B = 0.16, standard error [SE] = 0.04, 99% confidence interval [CI] [0.07, 0.27]) and subjective well-being (B = 0.14, SE = 0.03, 99% CI [0.07, 0.24]). Social support partially explained the relationship between participation and subjective well-being (B = 0.05, SE = 0.02, 99% CI [0.01, 0.11]). These findings persisted when symptoms of service-related health conditions were accounted for. Veterans' participation is associated with a greater sense of meaningful activity and social support, which in turn promotes psychological and subjective well-being. Occupational therapy practitioners may promote veterans' well-being by supporting engagement in activities that elicit meaning and enable social interaction, although further study is needed. This is among the first studies to test mechanisms underlying the relationship between veterans' engagement in activities and their overall well-being. Results may inform treatment theories for activity-based interventions in the veteran population. For example, results indicate that occupational therapy interventions that facilitate engagement in meaningful and shared activities could be developed to promote veterans' well-being.

Well-being is a widely studied construct in psychology. In 1989, Carol Ryff proposed the "Scale of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB)", which has been validated in multiple languages. The instrument assesses six dimensions of psychological well-being: Self-acceptance, Positive Relationships with Others, Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Purpose in Life, and Personal Growth. In this article, we propose to enrich the traditional approach of directly interpreting the raw scores in each dimension by incorporating Compositional Data Analysis. This new approach aims to identify "what proportion" of each dimension constitutes well-being, which will allow us to analyze the interactions between the different dimensions of well-being and balance among them. To achieve this, we introduce two position ratios (PR1 and PR2) and a general adjustment indicator called the General Indicator of Subjective Psychological Well-Being (GISPW), which characterizes individuals in a compositional manner, providing a fresh perspective in the interpretation of psychological test results, specifically those related to PWB. The proposal is illustrated with three cases taken from a study involving 628 university students who completed the psychological well-being scale questionnaire. The results show that the GISPW, PR1, and PR2 obtained offer relevant information about the overall balance of each case in the different dimensions.

Introduction. Within the framework of positive psychology, this article reviews both international and Russian research conducted over recent decades on the relationship between subjective well-being and self-perception of physical appearance. Aim. The present study aims to examine the relationship between self-perception of physical appearance and subjective well-being during early adolescence. Methodology and research methods. The following instruments were employed in the empirical study: the Self-Esteem of Physical Appearance Scale (V. A. Labunskaya), the Attitude Towards One’s Physical Appearance: Satisfaction and Concern Questionnaire (V. A. Labunskaya and E. V. Kapitanova), the Subjective Well-Being Scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, adapted by M. V. Sokolova), and the Diagnostics of Subjective Well-Being of the Individual (R. M. Shamionov and T. V. Beskova). Results . Young men and women who evaluate their appearance positively exhibit higher levels of subjective well-being. A negative correlation has been identified between satisfaction with one’s physical appearance and indicators of subjective well-being such as tension, psycho-emotional symptoms, and mood swings, alongside a positive correlation with self-rated health. Young women tend to be more attentive to their appearance and to how others perceive it than young men. Young men demonstrate a stronger focus on the positive emotional pole – experiencing satisfaction with their appearance – whereas young women tend to focus on the opposite pole, namely concern about their appearance. In young men, self-perceived appearance scales are more frequently associated with social-normative well-being, while in young women they are more commonly linked to hedonistic well-being. Scientific novelty. The study provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between key indicators of subjective well-being and self-perception of physical appearance, considering gender during early adolescence, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of this association. Practical significance. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the primary indicators of subjective well-being and measures of self-perception regarding physical appearance can provide a foundation for developing corrective and developmental programmes aimed at promoting a positive body image and enhancing subjective well-being, with due consideration of gender.

The association between insecurity and subjective well-being among youth during the COVID-19 outbreak: A moderated mediation model

Objectives This study investigated the association between childhood and young adult adversities and later-life subjective well-being among older male veterans. We also explored whether early-life parent–child relationships and later-life social engagement served as moderators and mediators, respectively. Methods Data were from the 2008 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study for male veterans (N = 2026). Subjective well-being measures included depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Linear regression with the Process macro was employed to estimate the relationships. Results Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were positively associated with number of depressive symptoms and negatively related to life satisfaction. Combat exposure, a young adulthood adversity experience, was positively associated with depressive symptoms, but not with self-rated health or life satisfaction. Later-life social engagement mediated the relationship between ACEs and subjective well-being indices. Parent–child relationship quality did not moderate the association between the measures of adversity and any measure of subjective well-being. Discussion Childhood adversity and combat exposure were related to worse later life subjective well-being. Also, later-life social engagement mediated the association of two early life adversity measures and subjective well-being. Future research should examine subjective well-being and early life adversity for female veterans and should employ more detailed information about combat exposure.

Background of the study: The impact of social media on individuals' information behavior and psychological well-being is significant. Understanding how social media use influences psychological well-being is crucial in our digitally connected environment. Purpose: This study explores the relationship between information behavior on social media and psychological well-being. It investigates how individuals' information-seeking, processing, and usage on social media affect their psychological well-being. Method: A qualitative analysis of relevant literature was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of the impact of social media on psychological well-being. Scientific journals, research articles, and textbooks in psychology and communication were reviewed. Findings: The analysis revealed a complex relationship between information behavior and psychological well-being on social media. Active social media use can enhance psychological well-being through increased social connections and support. However, negative impacts such as social media addiction, low self-esteem, and unhealthy social comparisons can also affect psychological well-being. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between information behavior and psychological well-being on social media is crucial for promoting healthy and responsible usage. Identifying influencing factors and developing effective interventions can enhance individuals' psychological well-being. Additionally, studying information behavior and psychological well-being on social media can help identify emerging patterns in the digital era.