Особливості розвитку національного ІТ-ринку у світовому інформаційному просторі

The article deals with the current state of the information technology market in Ukraine, the role of human capital and peculiarities of its influence on the country's foreign economic activity. The basic processes and tendencies of Ukrainian IT market functioning, the main prospects of IT sector development were analyzed as well as the main problems of the information technology market and directions of their solution. At present, the internal IT service market in Ukraine meets the following characteristics: minimization of IT service costs; infringement of intellectual property law; satisfactory demand for IT services; shortage supply of qualified IT specialists due to imbalances in the training of technical specialists in higher education institutions; imperfection of IT management in companies leads to the inability to implement the growth strategy. There are two main factors that stimulate the development of the internal IT sector: first, is a human capital situation; second, is a public policy and its priorities in supporting competitive industries. The key success factor of a rapid development of foreign economic activity in Ukraine is to establish balance between the external and internal IT service markets. In order to improve the foreign economic activity of Ukraine, it is necessary for the state and the owners of IT companies to force on the development of the internal IT service market as the low level of the internal market hinders the development of the external IT relationships. The internal sector is not attractive to IT companies usually because of low pay and poor management quality. Therefore, in our work we considered in details the problems related to human capital in the search of any opportunities for the development of foreign economic activity of our country. It was concluded that IT market will remain one of the most prospective sectors of Ukraine that develops its foreign economic activity.

The article deals with the foreign and domestic experience of IT market development from the point of view of informatization of society as one of the most characteristic features of modern development of public relations, when the intellectual component becomes the basis for further improvement of scientific and technical and technological developments. The main distinctive features of the forms of appropriation and alienation of the information product in society are determined. The attention is focused on the structure of the world market of information and telecommunication services, the dynamics of their exports, the dominant demand of the world IT market for software, IT services and general IT. The main trends in the development of the Ukrainian IT industry, its problems and prospects are noted. The level of development of Ukrainian IT market in different segments is determined. It is concluded that the IT market of Ukraine is largely represented by the provision of services by domestic IT-specialists to foreign corporations in the form of outsourcing. The role of information as a sign of informatization of the economy and its impact on all sectors of productive and non-productive spheres of activity is emphasized. It is noted that the informatization of the economy has an impact on various spheres of public life, creating a material basis for the automation of management processes, which ultimately makes this process more perfect and productive. These changes in the perception of information are associated with the transformation of it into a productive resource, and thus - a factor in social production. It is emphasized that in the current conditions the essence of economic relations in society is determined not by capital, but by the process of accumulation and usage of knowledge. The world experience in the formation of the domestic model of information technology and services is analyzed. Prospects for further research of the domestic IT industry are identified.

This article examines the gaming industry as one of the important niches that occupies one of the most important places in the world economy. The world's game publishers outperform some established corporations in economic potential, and even compete with business giants. It is noted that the gaming sector of the economy is associated with the production, promotion and sale of computer games and consists of a large number of specialties that employ people around the world. It is determined that the gaming industry is associated with the development of new technologies, namely the development of CPUs and other components of digital devices, which in turn serves as a powerful development of the economy. The article analyzes the clas-sification of games by access conditions and gives examples. The main players in the gaming industry market in Ukraine and the world in terms of gross turnover for 2019 have been identified. The value chain of the gaming industry is considered as six interrelated levels. The largest consumers of video games are countries such as the United States, China, Japan, where profits from the video game market significantly affect the state of the economy. An analysis of a number of problems faced by the gam-ing industry in Ukraine: game publishing, underdeveloped domestic gaming IT market, the outflow of highly qualified personnel abroad, piracy, there is no targeted legislation that would be related to publishing. The state does not regulate the publishing process and the localization of foreign innovations, although the gaming industry is a profitable business. The category of mobile games is quite developed in Ukraine. This is a very promising niche of the gaming market, which does not require high quality staff and modern technological base. The annual increase in the development potential of IT companies in Ukraine, the low level of competition in the domestic market and the significant number of graduates of the programming specialty provide opportunities for the growth of the video game market. It should also be noted about the promotion of e-sports, because every year it catches the eye of more and more new people who are potential consumers. So today e-sports is a huge media market, for many marketing companies it is a great chance to promote their products.

Modern FinTech solutions significantly change traditional approaches to the development, implementation and sale of IT products, allowing companies to create unique financial instruments, reduce transaction costs and increase competitiveness. But the questions remain unclear which FinTech tools have the greatest impact on IT product implementation strategies and whether the use of financial technologies really affects the personalization of IT products in terms of efficiency and scalability. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study of the influence of financial technologies (FinTech) on the development of strategies for the implementation and personalization of IT products, with the identification of key FinTech tools that contribute to the improvement of the processes of development, implementation and adaptation of IT products in accordance with the specific needs of users and markets. The object of the research is payment services as an innovative segment of FinTech and their marketing in the modern market, namely aspects related to the development, implementation, promotion and use of payment services. Scientific publications and monographic editions, magazine articles and materials of scientific and practical conferences became the methodological basis of the research. During the research, content analysis of scientific periodicals was used; comparative critical analysis of existing approaches and methods of analysis of financial stability and tax burden; statistical methods of analysis. The main hypothesis of the research is that FinTech technologies allow IT companies to more accurately adapt their products to the individual needs of users, which contributes to increasing the level of customer satisfaction, increasing loyalty and competitiveness of companies in the market. Presentation of the main material. The study analyzed the main FinTech tools, their impact on the business processes of IT companies, as well as possible risks and barriers to their integration. The relationship between the use of FinTech solutions and the improvement of the effectiveness of personalization of products, which positively affects the competitiveness of companies on the global market, is determined. Based on the results of the research, practical recommendations were formulated for IT companies regarding the optimal use of financial technologies in the processes of product implementation and personalization. Originality and practical significance. Key FinTech tools and their impact on the effectiveness of implementation strategies are considered, as well as the main challenges and risks associated with the integration of financial technologies into the development and implementation of IT products are identified. Based on the results of the research, recommendations are proposed for the use of FinTech to increase the effectiveness of personalization and scaling of IT products on the global market. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The analysis showed that the use of FinTech solutions allows IT companies to bring products to market faster, reducing the time for processing payments and interaction with customers, which improves the efficiency of business processes and allows companies to focus on the development of innovative products. Thanks to access to users' financial data and the latest algorithms for processing this data, companies can develop products that more accurately meet the needs of individual users. This contributes to increasing customer satisfaction, as well as the formation of long-term brand loyalty.

The article is devoted to the study of trends in the economic development of the IT services market in Ukraine and the determination of guidelines for the future. It was established that in the context of the integration processes that Ukraine is undergoing, its national economy is affected by a significant number of external and internal factors. And, it is obvious that the identified factors have had an impact on global and local markets in different periods. The market of IT services requires special attention, as it is a strategically important direction for our country - the stability of foreign currency inflows and the activity of attracting investments for development. In the current long period of transformational processes burdened by the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the market of IT services means stable jobs, taxes paid on time and filling the State Budget of Ukraine. The article determines that the field of IT services is the most sensitive, first of all, to economic factors. These are: the volume of the IT market, the exchange rate of the US dollar, the cost of IT services, wages in the market of IT services, etc. An equally important role is played by the geopolitical position of the world's leading countries, which determine (dictate) the "rules of the game" in the IT services market and determine general globalization trends, etc. In the course of the research, we established that during 2017-2021, the number of registered IT service companies in Ukraine doubled. in the world ranking, Ukraine still has advantages in the IT market compared to the nearest competing countries. At the moment, compared to its nearest neighbors, Ukraine ranks 3rd in the world ranking, behind Belarus and Serbia, but ahead of Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia. Based on the results of the analysis of the data array, the dynamics of the export of computer services from Ukraine during 2017-2021 were studied, which demonstrates rapid annual growth. The trend of growth in the total volume of exports of IT services from Ukraine can be explained by the growth of demand on the world market. And although the IT services market in Ukraine is still being formed, it is important that it further develop in the direction of transparency, openness and competitiveness. And external factors, such as currency fluctuations, globalization processes, etc., did not hold back its development. In order to preserve the growing trends in the development of the IT services industry, it is important to make decisions about its further development based on world experience.

The article analyzes the practices of production and improving the efficiency of technical knowledge. The field of information technologies was chosen as the base of research. A distinctive feature of the modern stage of development of technology is that knowledge itself becomes a technical object. The requirements of efficiency, high performance, security are beginning to apply to knowledge itself. The authors concept of epistemic practices is used as a methodological basis for the present study. Epistemic practices are defined as methods and techniques for working with technical objects, the result of which is to increase the efficiency of technical knowledge implemented into these objects. The high level of competition and the direct dependence of the profits of IT companies on the efficiency of knowledge production makes the information technology industry a kind of testing ground for the production of epistemic practices. It has been proved that epistemic practices in the field of information technology are the forms of knowledge representation in information systems, the selection of data visualization methods, the improvement of multifactorial mathematical models and the determination of the hardware load configuration. It is concluded that the production of epistemic practices is a condition for the competitiveness of IT companies operating in the sphere of high technologies.

On the basis of statistical data, a current analysis of the IT services market of Ukraine was conducted, which showed that there is a great potential for the development of this innovative field of activity in our country. Forecasting of the volumes of the IT market of Ukraine for 2022 was carried out, taking into account the conditions of the current state of war as a result of Russian aggression. The factors that have the greatest influence on the volume of the IT market have been identified. A positive trend in the volumes of the IT market in Ukraine in 2021-2022 is predicted, the main factors affecting the development of the high-tech services market are considered and analyzed. Factors that can have a positive effect on the faster advancement of the field of IT services are also formulated, which is especially important in the war and post-war times, since this is the only industry that almost did not suffer losses due to the high mobility of specialists and low capital intensity. In addition, the profits from the developed software products and services significantly exceed the costs. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the systematization of the scientific and practical basis of the development of the field of high-tech services in the context of global economic integration. The practical significance of the obtained results and conclusions can be seen in the use by domestic and other scientists, practitioners and state institutions of the materials of this article to analyze the development and competitiveness of high-tech services of Ukraine on the world market. The analysis of the factors forming the export potential of high-tech services of the national economies of leading countries is an extremely relevant scientific task for further research into the ways of development of outsourcing and IT services both in Ukraine and in the world, since they are closely interconnected.

This article discusses the current process of consolidation a new organizational and production paradigm in software development projects and digital services in Europe and Russia. This paradigm combines the possibilities of completely remote work of engineers in projects with deep adaptation of production and management processes (internal automation, communications visualization, risk management, etc.). To solve the actual scientific and practical task of determining the main properties of the new paradigm in the IT industry, industry studies for 2020-2023 were summarized and considered the sequence of influencing factors: from the use of geographically distributed development in software projects since the end of the last century to modern trends in workflow virtualization under the influence of the COVID pandemic and the use of artificial intelligence in software development. The paper also pays attention to the role and reasons for the emergence of a "hybrid" model for organizing the work of IT companies, when a team works together in the office several days a week, and several outside it. The results of the analyzed studies confirm that in 2023, fully remote work and the "hybrid" model are less and less dependent on the risks of a pandemic, are economically successful when used in the IT industry and create a completely new reality in the competitive struggle in the global IT market.

The article examines the issues of cyber risks and insurance liability in the IT sector. The main uncertainties that can complicate the software development process are identified. The article examines typical types of policies used to insure the IT sector in Ukraine, describes the main players in the IT market and the services they offer. A qualitative assessment of the IT insurance market in Ukraine is given, and the state of the IT liability and cyber risk insurance market in the US and EU is considered. It is concluded that the IT liability insurance market in Ukraine is fragmented and in its initial state.

The strategic importance of forming a national innovation system has been confirmed in the theories of Kondratiev, Schumpeter and Freeman. Rapid technological development orients economic entities to strengthen their competitive advantages in the global IT market. The opportunities created by IT technologies during the pandemic phase of global economic development are extremely important for countries with economies in transition and developing countries. The article is devoted to determining the advantages of Ukraine in the global IT market based on rapid analysis of the national IT sector. The specialized incentives of Ukrainian state government institutions in the framework of tax, immigration, investment policies, reforms of the institutional sphere and higher education have been identified, which in the medium term allow expecting increased investment attractiveness of the national IT sector. The growing orientation of the IT sector of Ukraine to exports, in particular, the focus on the regions of North America and the European Union has been identified. On the one hand, the dynamic development of business process outsourcing services in the country, and the shortage of digital skills in Sweden and Denmark on the other, open new prospects for Ukraine in the Scandinavian markets. It has been identified that today the relatively low labor costs of the IT sector, growth of human resources based on the upward dynamics of the number of graduates, high quality technological education, significant level of integrated skills are the main competitive advantages of Ukraine in the world IT market. It has been stated that the human resources potential of the IT sector of Ukraine on the basis of geographical distribution is concentrated in Kyiv, Lviv and Kharkiv. It has been hypothesized that the location of R&D offices in Ukraine by world technology leaders and the growth of precedents of successful Ukrainian startups (such as Grammarly, People.ai, Readdle, Attendify, MacPaw) will increase the concentration of scientific and technological potential. It has been concluded that in these conditions international projects with the participation of Ukrainian IT specialists become relevant.

The purpose of the study is to identify the features and problems of diffusion of the client base of IT enterprises in Ukraine, to develop recommendations for solution of the latter. The article outlines the general situation in the IT market, in particular, draws attention to its turbulence and high instability of consumer preferences, when supply in the market dominates over demand. The components of the concept of «diffusion of client bases of enterprises» are considered. Under the concept of «diffusion» it is proposed to consider the conception that describes the patterns of distribution of cultural, social, economic and other phenomena, initially concentrated in one or more places, which imply the presence of a certain share of uncertainties, and «client base» – as the main source of business and income of the enterprise, containing information about both existing and potential clients. The main advantages of maintaining a client base of activities are presented, in particular: preservation of data; transfer of a client from one manager to another; analysis of the market situation; assessment of the target audience; formation of marketing strategy and business development. It is noted that client-oriented business management allows to increase the profit and overall efficiency of the enterprise by increasing the amount of revenue from the existing client base, as well as by optimizing operating costs. The stages of formation of the client base of activity for IT enterprises are proposed and detailed as: planning, development, implementation, and analysis. Attention is drawn to the matter that the main indicator of the diffusion of the client base of an IT enterprise is the «drawdown» of sales, which can be caused by both internal and external factors of influence. The statistics of changes in the geography of hiring on the example of the largest domestic IT enterprises, which is one of the indicators of client behavior, has been studied. It is noted that large enterprises do not experience the diffusion of the client base of activity to the same extent as it happens with small companies, so the diffusion of the client base of IT enterprises from Ukraine is not a mass phenomenon. Recommendations to encourage clients to cooperate with Ukrainian IT companies are proposed. Prospects for further research in this direction are the study of the specifics of the recovery of global demand in the IT industry after the recession.

The primary focus of this scientific article is to comprehensively examine the nature and potential growth of accounting consulting within the realm of IT enterprise management. Specifically, the research aims to uncover the theoretical principles and real-world implications of accounting consulting and to evaluate its influence on the financial stability and efficacy of an enterprise. The current trends, advantages and disadvantages of using information technologies in the modern world, their development and application in agriculture are substantiated. Having analyzed the data on the structure of the consulting market in Ukraine by segments, it is found that accounting consulting occupies a prominent place in the market of consulting services in Ukraine and is one of the important elements of doing business in the modern world. The article examines how actively companies use IT technologies and innovative solutions, as well as the provision of accounting advice by various consulting companies, both foreign and domestic. It is noted that the activities of IT companies are considered to be very specific compared to other types of services. This fact is confirmed by legislative acts not only in Ukraine but also in other countries of the world and Europe. The article considers the peculiarities of the taxation system, rules of profit taxation and certain types of benefits for IT companies, problems of licensing of accounting consulting companies, as well as services provided by consulting firms. The authors suggest ways of developing consulting companies in Ukraine. It is predicted that in the future, accounting consulting in the IT sector will continue to integrate modern technologies and will focus on analytics and strategic management.

In today’s challenges, efficient business process management is critical to maintaining the competitiveness and stable functioning of IT companies in Ukraine. The relevance of this study is due to the need to identify innovative approaches that help strengthen the resilience of the IT sector in wartime. The paper analyzes how modern management methods help to optimize the activities of companies in unstable conditions, what are the main challenges facing the IT industry, and how government support programs affect its development. The article is aimed at studying the challenges of business process management in IT companies and developing an algorithm for managing business processes in IT companies in times of crisis, which allows to increase their efficiency, adaptability and resilience. The article reviewes the scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, examines the theoretical base, especially the definition of key concepts: «business process» and «business process management». As a result, the problems of managing business processes in the field of IT in the context of the crisis, in particular in the context of the war in Ukraine, are identified as follows: outflow of personnel, funding restrictions, threat of cyberattacks, market uncertainty, and business relocation. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and interviews with managers of leading Ukrainian IT companies, a general algorithm for managing business processes is formed. The proposed approach will allow IT companies to maintain resilience, increase efficiency and adaptability in an unstable environment. Its implementation will help increase the competitiveness of the Ukrainian IT sector in the domestic and international markets. The study also indicates the role of State support, in particular the mode of «Diia.City», grant programs and digital education, which create favorable conditions for the further development of the IT industry. It is proved that the Ukrainian IT sector demonstrates confident development and sustainability and occupies a leading position in global markets, despite the existing challenges.

The rapid growth of India's IT sector has cemented its position in the global market. This has also given rise to significant labor concerns. A common concern is the pervasive issue of unpaid overtime where companies utilize contract terms, legal exemptions and workplace expectations to force employees to work extended hours without compensating them appropriately. Ironically, this is a phenomenon that is spread across countries, jurisdictions and industries, yet continues to exist unchecked. Indian labor laws including the Shops and Establishments Act which applies to IT and IT enabled services(ITES), set clear limits on work hours and mandate overtime pay to prevent exploitation of employees. In Spite of this, many IT companies find ways to bypass these regulations by taking advantage of the existing loopholes in the regulations. They exploit employees’ unfamiliarity with their rights. One of the common tactics employed by IT companies to avoid paying overtime is by encouraging an unsaid expectation among its employees that they do not report their overtime hours or underreport their hours. As a result, it is common for employees to officially log out but continue working on work assignments in their personal time or even avoid logging overtime altogether. This makes it difficult to measure the true extent of overtime hours accurately. Vague clauses such as 'flexible working hours' or 'performance-based requirements' are fairly common in the IT industry. Such terms indirectly put immense pressure on employees to work beyond standard hours to meet project deadlines without complaining because employees understand that complaints related to excessive work and lack of work life balance would reflect poorly in employee appraisal reports. Employees generally do not wish to not fall behind in the race for incentives and promotions and end up being indirectly coaxed into working overtime. It is evident that these terms are one-sided, seem to favor only the employers, and are unconscionable from the employee's perspective. To sum it up, they go against public policy, as they create an unstated expectation of availability beyond regular hours, which impacts employees' well-being and denies them fair compensation for their work and efforts. In competitive industries like the IT industry, employees fear repercussions like poor performance appraisals, low year end bonuses and hikes and a stagnant career devoid of growth opportunities if they voice their concerns about the persistent culture of overtime and the poor work-life balance that exists in the industry. As a result of these fears, the culture of unpaid overtime in the Indian IT industry continues to exist, unregulated and unmonitored. In Spite of clearly stated provisions related to overtime and standard working hours, improper enforcement allows companies to extend working hours without any repercussions. In order to attract domestic and foreign investments, state governments generally grant exemptions to IT/ITES. But these exemptions are only from select provisions of the Shops and Establishments Act and are also subjected to certain conditions. Many employees misinterpret that IT/ITES companies are entirely exempted from labor regulations, causing them to accept unpaid overtime without resistance. Additionally, the “always-available” workplace culture prevalent in the IT industry has normalized unpaid overtime. Employees often feel pressured to stay available after work hours to meet client needs across different time zones or to keep up with challenging project deadlines. Remote and hybrid work models have only made the situation worse. The boundaries between work and personal life have faded away with these new work models , making it difficult for employees to fully disengage or switch off from work. The effects of these practices on employees' mental health are becoming more and more evident. Research indicates a significant prevalence of anxiety, work-related stress and suicides among professionals in demanding sectors like IT, where extended working hours are expected as the norm. Despite the labor and contract laws in India which are designed to protect employees against exploitation, insufficient monitoring of IT companies' compliance of these safeguards often prove ineffective in practice. There is an urgent need for legislative reforms to hold IT/ITES establishments violating labor laws accountable, and setting a standard for compliance across the industry. Additionally, tighter enforcement and monitoring of working hours are crucial to protect employees' rights and support their physical and mental well-being. This paper explores factors that influence employees in the IT industry to comply with unpaid overtime. This research brings to light the need for stronger regulatory enforcement of maximum working hours in the tech sector, and also highlights the need for enhanced employee education to create awareness of their rights around working hours and overtime pay. The paper advocates for reforms to reduce health risks associated with prolonged work hours and to support the well-being of employees in one of India’s most crucial industries.

Import substitution contributes to the development of domestic production and innovation, as well as increasing the competitiveness of Russian companies in the global services market. The article provides examples of companies that successfully replace imported technologies, notes the active participation of medium and small sector companies in the development of the Russian IT market, and describes the technologies they use.