ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ: СВЯЗЬ ЛЕКСЕМ В АСПЕКТЕ ПЕРЕВОДА

The article presents a comprehensive theoretical overview of modality as a multifaceted linguistic phenomenon. Modality is considered as a means of expressing the speaker's attitude towards the content of the utterance, encompassing evaluations of reality, veracity, possibility, necessity, and desirability. The study synthesizes key interpretations of modality from both Russian and Western linguistic traditions, laying the groundwork for comparative analysis. The main focus is on the classification of modal meanings, including deontic, epistemic, dynamic, bulletin, and affective modalities. The object of research is the linguistic category of modality in language. The subject of the study includes specific classifications, means of expression, and interlanguage realizations of modality, with a particular emphasis on a comparative analysis of Russian, English, and German languages. Objectives: to systematize the theoretical foundations of modality based on the works of leading Russian and foreign linguists; to define and illustrate the main types of modal meanings; to identify and compare grammatical and lexical means of expressing modality in Russian, English, and German languages. The study employs a comparative-descriptive method, theoretical analysis and synthesis of existing linguistic literature, comparative analysis of linguistic data from Russian, English, and German languages, contextual and semantic analysis of utterance examples to illustrate modal meanings, and componential analysis to distinguish modality from other grammatical categories. The study concludes that modality is a crucial component of semantics and pragmatics, necessary for culturally sensitive communication. By comparing examples from English, German, and Russian languages, the article highlights the grammatical, lexical, and contextual strategies used in these languages and differentiates modality from related grammatical categories such as tense and aspect. The novelty of this research lies in its synthetic and comparative approach, which integrates various classification systems of domestic linguistics (for example, V. V. Vinogradov's subjective-objective modality, A. V. Bondarko's six meanings) with established typologies of Western linguistics (for example, categories proposed by linguists such as D. Crystal and R. T. Lakoff). By applying this unified structure to the analysis of three linguistically distinct languages (Russian, English, and German), the article offers a unified perspective on universal and linguistically specific features of modality.

This article is dedicated to the analysis of slogans in Chinese and Russian languages, as well as the characteristic to each language communicative strategies, for determining similarities and differences of the peculiarities of their implementation. In the course of analysis, the author determined the target focus of advertising text, which in turn, defines the selection of language tools that implement one or another strategy. Having conducted a cross-cultural comparison based on materials of the slogans in Chinese and Russian languages, the author revealed the communication strategies and speech techniques implemented in each text, and calculated the number their occurrences. The scientific novelty consists in discovery of the elements of level structure of speech impact of advertising (communication strategies and speech techniques typical for a particular advertising discourse). The elements are carefully explored and described. This article is first to describe the comparison of communication strategies and speech techniques are also described within the framework of juxtaposition of Russian and Chinese languages. The acquired results demonstrate the impact of communication strategies upon the perception of advertised information, as well as dependence of communication strategies on the cultural aspect.

Abstract. Chinese language education is becoming popular in the world, including in Indonesia. Since the end of the New Order government in 1999 and the establishment of the strategic partnership between Indonesia and China in 2005, more and more Indonesians are starting to learn Chinese. Apart from being a foreign language, Chinese is also considered as a heritage language for Chinese Indonesian. With the increasing interest in learning Chinese, trilingual schools that offer Chinese, English, and Indonesian language learning have started to appear in various cities in Indonesia, including in Surabaya. Within the context of trilingual schools, this study uses a qualitative method to explore family language policy (FLP), related to multilingualism and the efforts to preserve the heritage language, in the Surabaya Chinese family. Data were obtained by interviewing eight participants who are parents of trilingual school students from various levels of education: kindergarten, elementary and secondary school. Three core components of FLP, namely: language ideology, language management, and language practice were used as guidance to code the interview data. We found that the language ideology of the parents is linked with the global and economic value of the language and the imagined multilingual person they hope their children to be. The parents consider English and Chinese as the important languages in relation to today’s globalized world. They imagine their children to be multilingual persons who have the necessary linguistic capital for communicating transnationally. But, due to the lack of Chinese and English language skills of the parents, the language practice at home is rather limited to the Indonesian language. They still rely heavily on trilingual schools to provide a language environment and linguistic capital of English and Chinese language. Although parents’ language ideology is supportive of their children being multilingual, it turns out that trilingual schools have a fairly important and central role in forming multilingualism in children.Keywords: family language policy, trilingual schools, Chinese Indonesians

  This article is dedicated to comprehensive examination of the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" on the example of Russian and English languages. The article considers the characteristics f the nomination of terminological units and highlights the most common models of terms in the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" using the example of Russian and English languages. Modern linguistics features a few research on the terms of chemical industry, while the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" has not previously become a subject of separate research, particularly in the comparative aspect of two or more languages, which determines the relevance of this publication. The goal lies in description of the terms of chemical industry, namely "Production of technical formalin" in the Russian and English languages. The subject of this article is the study of the terminological systems of chemical industry in the field of production of technical formalin relative to functionality of the term-word and terminological phrase. The novelty consists in the comparative analysis of the terminological system "Production of technical formalin" on the example of Russian and English languages. The terminological system of chemical production of technical formalin includes the following lexical-thematic groups: 1. Technological process of production of technical formalin 2. Equipment line 3. Chemicals and reactions It is established that in the Russian language, the most commonly used model in all subgroups is the two-component model "adjective + noun" (over 50 %); while in the English language, it is the two-component model "noun + noun" (over 50%).  

The article is devoted to the analysis of language policy and language competition in the Republic of Tajikistan in synchronic and diachronic aspects. The phenomena and factors influencing the modern language competition are analyzed. A comparative description of the activities performed by Russia, the United States and China to promote the Russian, English and Chinese languages in the Republic of Tajikistan is presented. An overview of the measures taken by the government of Tajikistan to accelerate the implementation of the “Law on Language: of October 21, 1997 is presented along with the characteristics of the language situation in Tajikistan. The problems of promoting the Chinese language in Tajikistan are identified and reasonable solutions are proposed to increase the competitiveness of the Chinese language. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the language situation in Tajikistan represents a complex social and communicative system, where a multicomponent model of language policy operates, combining a competing language policy with different varieties of the Tajik, Russian, English and Chinese languages.

This study investigates the use of musical intelligence to improve the English pronunciation of Chinese third level students. It is relevant for a human-centred systems engineering approach to cross-cultural interaction. Language learning is important as valid communication can help interactions and cultural understanding between countries, this also may benefit international stability. There are natural barriers between the English and Chinese language which are reflected in teaching approaches. The teaching of English in Chinese classrooms is removed from real-world English learning environments. The academic environments and approaches focus on the learning of grammar, spelling and writing with little real-life conversation and interaction with native English speakers. English language learning in China is from a more academic perspective rather than practical utilisation. Correct pronunciation and accent is therefore diminished. This study demonstrates that a musical intelligence e-Learning approach can benefit Chinese English language students.

IntroductionCongenital heart disease (CHD), the most common congenital malformation affecting fetuses and infants, poses a significant and rapidly emerging global challenge in children’s health. Prenatal and newborn screening are very important for preventing CHD. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the status and corresponding foci of articles on CHD screening in the Chinese or English language using bibliometric methods.MethodsPublications on prenatal or newborn screening for CHD were included. The Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to identify literature published from inception to 31 March 2023. CiteSpace was used to perform bibliometric analysis on the number of publications, institutions, authors, and keywords to generate corresponding knowledge maps.ResultsA total of 582 publications were retrieved from the WoS and 233 from the CNKI databases. There was an increasing trend in the number of English and Chinese articles published, with the trend beginning in 2010 for Chinese language articles and in 2007 for English language articles. In English language publications, GR Martin was the most influential author, and the top five institutions were from high-income countries. Among the Chinese language publications, Wenhong Ding was the most influential author and the Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital was the most commonly reported institution. Keyword analysis revealed that the most frequently occurring terms in both language publications were as follows: antenatal diagnosis, cardiac auscultation, and fetal echocardiography in English language articles and screening, prenatal screening, and fetal in Chinese language publications.ConclusionsIncreasingly, articles on CHD screening have been listed in the WoS and CNKI databases. This bibliometric study provides the status and trends in the research on screening for CHD and may help researchers identify hot topics and explore new research directions in this field.

Adopting a Musical Intelligence and eLearning Approach to Improve the English Language Pronunciation of Chinese Students

This article is dedicated to the phenomenon of radical transformations of toponyms in onomasticons of the Russian and English languages at the turn of centuries. The goal of this work lies in determination and analysis of changes in semantics, structure and functionality of toponymic vocabulary from the perspective of definitional and component methods within the framework of communication-pragmatic approach using the data of corpus linguistics. The article substantiates the need for inclusion of the acquired data into educational materials for ensuring successful communication in the changed polycultural space. As a result, it was established that geopolitical shifts transformed not only the toponymic vocabulary, but also its grammatical paradigm in the Russian and English languages. The semantic differences in the meanings of toponyms in the British and American versions are underlined. The changes enriched the language in its natural evolution (the need for nomination of new objects) or by virtue of nomination practices. The scientific novelty consists in a complex systematization of transformations in the area of ethnonymics with consideration of the new geopolitical reality that forms integral approaches towards linguistic and extralinguistic phenomena. It is demonstrated that the modern geopolitical discourse plays a primary role in attaining new meanings to onyms overall and toponyms in particular. Functioning in different languages, toponyms may differ in their componential structure, which reflects diverse world landscapes captured in languages.

The aim of the study is to identify the foundation of ambivalent evaluativity of the lexeme «интеллигент» (“a member of Russian intelligentsia”) in the Russian language against the background of the Chinese language. A targeted analysis of various approaches to lexicographic interpretation of the evaluative content of the specified lexeme in dictionaries of various types made it possible to identify stable fixation of evaluative ambivalence of the lexeme in the Russian lexicographic tradition. The involvement of findings of free-association experiments in the analysis and their comparison with the Chinese language account for scientific novelty of the study. The results of the study allowed the researchers to draw conclusions about the asymmetry of the semantic volume, associative potential and evaluative content of the corresponding lexemes in the Russian and Chinese languages, which can be attributed to the national distinctness of the corresponding linguocultural types.

Very little is known about Domenico De Vivo (1839-1897). He was a disciple of the Italian linguist Giacomo Lignana and worked as a professor of Russian and English language at the Asiatic College in Naples from 1868 to 1870, and then as an Italian language lecturer at the universities of Dorpat and Odessa in the Russian Empire from 1879 until his death in 1897. De Vivo championed his ideas on language teaching and learning in his books Grammatica della lingua russa [Russian Grammar for Italians] (Dorpat, 1882) and Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlya izucheniya ital’yanskogo yazyka [A Practical Guide to Learning Italian] (Odessa, 1886; Odessa, 1890), and in his Dizionario Italiano-Russo. Slovar’ ital’yansko-russkiy [Italian-Russian Dictionary] (Odessa 1894). The purpose of this article is to examine De Vivo’s life and works, which represent the first recorded attempt – in De Vivo’s own words – “to promote Russian language learning in Italy and Italian language learning in Russia.”

This article aims to identify the formation and functioning patterns of term units developing on the basis of common vocabulary. Metaphor is the main mechanism of term formation based on commonly used words. The article discusses the units of the terminological system of computer science and cybernetics based on the material of the Russian and German languages. The research methods were descriptive and comparative methods, as well as methods of psycholinguistic experiments and statistical calculations. Metaphorical reinterpretation is based on associations and analogies associated with a specific image, which serves as a motive for the new meaning of the word-term.

One of the central problems considered by the Moscow School of Psycholinguistics is the analysis of ethno-cultural language consciousness specificity of speakers belonging to different language and culture communities. This article deals with psycholinguistic comparative analysis of categorization of the concept ОСЕНЬ (Autumn / Fall) in Russian and Chinese language consciousness. The aim of this article is to identify cultural and national features of categorization of the concept ОСЕНЬ (Autumn / Fall) in Russian and Chinese language consciousness. The article considers the data from different Russian and Chinese dictionaries (Russian associative dictionary, mythological, etymological, explanatory and semantic dictionaries of the Russian and Chinese languages) as well as the results of the associative experiment involving the stimulus ОСЕНЬ (Autumn / Fall), conducted for Chinese speakers. The article constructs associative fields of the lexeme ОСЕНЬ (Autumn / Fall) and highlights the basic cognitive categories of the respective concept in Russian and Chinese language consciousness. The article uses methods of statistical, quantitative, component, semantic, psycholinguistic and conceptual analyses, as well as analysis of associative experiment data. Since comparative analysis of the concept ОСЕНЬ (Autumn / Fall) in Russian and Chinese language consciousness has not been carried out in linguistic research yet, the results obtained are relevant for the development of associative lexicography, psycholinguistics, ethnopsycholinguistics and cultural linguistics. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of creating a bilingual associative dictionary (on the material of the Russian and Chinese languages) and the use of the data obtained in the process of teaching psycholinguistics and intercultural communication.

This article discusses the concept of "glory" in Russian and Chinese sayings and proverbs. Fame is one of the most important topics for a person, it has been said for centuries, and occupies a significant place in our lives. In the article we compare and analyze the differences between the Russian and Chinese concept of "glory". The purpose of the research of this article is to identify the concept of "glory" in sayings and proverbs against the background of Russian and Chinese linguistic and cultural traditions. The subject of this study is the idea of the concept of "glory" in Russian and Chinese proverbs and sayings. The scientific novelty of the research is that this article examines and analyzes the concept of "glory" in sayings, proverbs, idioms in Russian and Chinese language pictures of the world. This paper presents the results of the analysis of stable expressions, proverbs, sayings of two languages. Comparing and analyzing the concept of "glory" in Russian and Chinese, it can be noted that the concept reflects the linguistic and ethnic culture of Russia and China, which reflects the national characteristics of the peoples. This is of great importance for researchers of Chinese and Russian languages, and at the same time provides a good prospect for further research in the field of intercultural communication.

The goal of this research is to determine the specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the cultural-linguistic space of Russia and China. The article explores the peculiarities of the representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese folk tales as the texts that reflect mentality and folk traditions. In the context of dynamic globalization processes, increase of migration processes, and development of the new transcultural linguistic personality, which encompasses ethno-linguocultural distinctness of both countries, the author determines the specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese languages within the framework of lexical-semantic space of phraseology. Special attention is given to synergy of the linguistic and cultural worldview. This is the first comparative analysis conducted on the topic that allows revealing the specificity of representation of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the Russian and Chinese worldviews, which defines the novelty of this work. It is proven that the reflection of the dichotomy “young age – senior age” in the worldview of both nations (Russian and Chinese) was largely affected by folk and historical tradition. In the Chinese worldview, a senior person is much regarded, while in the Russian language it is more commonly to come across such representations as worsening of mental and physical abilities, as well as uselessness of senior people.