ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПЛАТФОРМ ЦИФРОВОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА У МАЛОМУ ТА СЕРЕДНЬОМУ БІЗНЕСІ

This article shows the impact of the war on small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine during the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation, which started on February 24, 2022, and ended in September 2023. The object of the study is small and medium-sized enterprises that carry out business activities in Ukraine during a full-scale invasion. The research objective is to determine the business strategies and Internet marketing strategies used by small and medium-sized enterprises after full-scale invasion. The purpose of this study is to identify the most effective Internet marketing strategies and Internet marketing tools that helped small and medium-sized businesses survive the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation and continue to grow. The study was conducted through in-depth interviews with representatives of small and medium-sized businesses from different regions of Ukraine and from different fields of activity. Based on the categorical analysis of the responses, three periods of enterprise survival were summarized according to the chronology of military and political events in the country. The relevant Internet marketing strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises are identified. Business strategies and Internet marketing strategies that helped small and medium-sized enterprises increase their pre-war economic performance are also highlighted. Certain reasons for the deep crisis of small and medium-sized enterprises are outlined. The intensity and effectiveness of the use of Internet marketing tools by small and medium-sized businesses after a full-scale invasion are determined. The peculiarity of the results is the study of Internet marketing strategies and successful business strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises during the war. The scientific novelty of thisstudy is that it classifies the periods of survival and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises and identifies the most effective Internet marketing strategies for these periods. The efficiency and intensity of using Internet marketing tools were also systematized. The results obtained in the study will help small and medium-sized enterprises overcome crisis conditions and identify areas for the effective use of digital marketing. The findings are of practical value for small and medium-sized enterprises in other countries where there is a possibility of armed conflict.

Background: Some of the world's most valuable platform businesses rely on products and services provided by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Though, the modern digital platform economy is increasingly shaped by uncertainties and power asymmetries benefitting dominant platform owners and threatening smaller players participating as complementors in those ecosystems.Negative consequences include lock-in effects and platform dependency, exploitative participation terms and eroded entrepreneurial autonomy on the SMEs' side, which altogether harm the digital platforms' longterm viability, too.Addressing these issues, this paper investigates design principles for digital platforms taking SME complementors' needs into account.Objective: This study investigates design principles for digital platforms that enhance suitability for SMEs as complementors, focusing on stakeholder-centric platform design approaches that better accommodate SME-specific needs and requirements.In this, this study aims to address current negative developments concerning imbalanced power dynamics and uncertainties emerging from platform owner-SME-partnerships in dominant digital platform ecosystems.Methods: A qualitative reflective meta-analysis approach was employed, combining explorative expert interviews with SME specialists and a thematic literature review of SME platform design research.The methodology synthesized findings to identify meta-requirements and derive design principles through interpretive analysis.Results: Eleven meta-requirements were identified and synthesized into four design principles: the principle of SME empowerment, the principle of open boundaries, the principle of transparent and fair participation terms, and the principle of reflection of individuality.In combination, these principles aim to inform future digital platform design that takes SME complementor needs into account. Conclusion:The conceptual proposal of four design principles guides researchers and practitioners in creating SME-suitable digital platforms with stakeholder-centric design approaches.The principles enable digital platform models that accommodate diverse SME requirements, enhance participation experiences, and foster collaborative ecosystems tailored to SME characteristics and their operational contexts.

The subject of the research. The study focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems facing State support for small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify the main destructive factors in the development of medium and small enterprises and to identify ways to overcome them. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, such as dialectical method, analysis, grouping of data, problem-oriented approach. Results of work. The article discusses the special role of medium- and small-scale enterprises in generating GDP, creating jobs and improving the demographic situation. It is noted that a significant proportion of enterprises either operate in the shadow sector or do not take measures to improve profitability. It has been hypothesized that an important reason for this state of affairs is imperfect state support for small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, there is a heavy tax burden, low wages in the sector, unstable legislation. The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has also been noted as an additional challenge, with most small and medium-sized businesses on the verge of survival through quarantine activities. The field of application of results. The materials, results and conclusions of the article may be used in the activities of various public organizations and local self-government bodies as an analytical basis for appeals about the need for State support for small and medium-sized enterprises, Training of specialists in secondary and higher education. Conclusions. Small and medium-sized businesses are the driving force behind the economy. It provides a large share of GDP, promotes the development of the middle class and has a positive impact on demographic indicators. The opportunity and ability of small and medium-sized enterprises to develop, even under difficult political and economic conditions, proves that it is these entities that support the economy in difficult times. Creating an enabling environment for doing business and developing small and medium-sized enterprises should therefore be a priority for the Government. To this end, support programs must be put in place: infotrmation, financial security and social support. Active and targeted support for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises contributes to the growth of GDP and the creation of new jobs.

Resource support of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises for space industry development in Russia

This study addresses the complex relationship between copyright and digital music platforms in the digital era. As digital platforms become the primary means of music distribution, significant challenges arise concerning the protection and fair compensation of authors. The article explores the evolution of the music industry, from the early days of the phonograph to modern streaming platforms, highlighting the technological changes that have shaped the relationship between music and technology. The copyright system in Brazil is also discussed, influenced by the French dual protection model, encompassing both economic and moral rights. The text also analyzes the role of the Central Office for Collection of Copyright (ECAD) and its seven Associations in the collective management of copyright, as well as the issue of transparency in the distribution of economic rights. One point of debate is whether music transmission through streaming platforms should be considered public or private performance, directly impacting copyright revenue collection. Therefore, this study aims to present the relevant panorama of this new context of copyright associated with digital music platforms (streaming). Adopting a deductive methodology with exploratory research, the article concludes that the landscape of copyright in Brazil and its relationship with digital music platforms is a complex and challenging topic that requires careful consideration and appropriate regulation to ensure authors are adequately protected in a constantly evolving digital environment. It emphasizes the need for greater transparency and clarity in the collection, calculation, and distribution system of economic rights by digital music platforms.

The intersection of digitalization and sustainability is reshaping the tourism industry, with digital platforms playing a transformative role in optimizing travel experiences while simultaneously influencing economic inclusivity, labor dynamics, and environmental responsibility. This paper explores how Industry 4.0 technologies—such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, blockchain, virtual reality (VR), and the Internet of Things (IoT)—are integrated into digital tourism platforms, assessing their dual impact on sustainability and market structures. The study develops a conceptual framework around five key dimensions: market power and digital dependency, AI-driven automation and workforce transformation, innovation and digital inclusion, sustainability innovations, and data security and governance. While digital platforms enhance personalization, operational efficiency, and eco-conscious travel, they also reinforce economic disparities, monopolization, and regulatory challenges, raising concerns related to SDGs such as SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption, and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). The study highlights the need for equitable governance frameworks to mitigate risks associated with AI-driven monopolization, algorithmic bias, and data privacy violations while ensuring digital accessibility for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings contribute to ongoing discussions on platform economics, digital governance, and sustainable tourism transformation, offering policy and managerial implications for fostering an inclusive and environmentally responsible tourism industry.

With the improvement of the level of market economy and the improvement of the state's attention to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), the number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is gradually increasing, and the market competition is also becoming increasingly fierce. Under the background of big data, the competition faced by small and medium-sized enterprises is more severe. Strengthening the management of financial internal control can ensure that enterprises can successfully complete their development goals and improve their market competitiveness, so as to realize the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Combined with the significance of financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data, this paper emphatically analyzes the problems existing in financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data. According to the analysis results, this paper puts forward the strategies of financial internal control of small and medium-sized enterprises under the background of big data, for reference.

The article highlights current issues regarding the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which is an important factor in the economic development of any country. The innovative potential of the enterprise is the ability of the organization to generate new ideas and implement them in its activities. This is a complex indicator that includes various aspects that affect a company's ability to be innovative. The study provides key aspects that determine the innovative potential of SMEs, namely: economic growth - SMEs contribute to the creation of new jobs and ensure the flexibility of the economy, as they quickly respond to market changes; innovation – small and medium-sized enterprises are often the source of new ideas and technologies, as they have lower bureaucratic barriers and more flexible structures; competition - SMEs contribute to increasing the level of competition in the market, which stimulates large companies to increase efficiency and improve the quality of products and services; social aspect – small and medium-sized enterprises are often the basis for the development of local communities, providing jobs and supporting the local economy; globalization – SMEs can successfully enter international markets, contributing to the country's export potential. Key challenges for SMEs include access to finance, regulatory barriers, shortages of skilled workers and the need to adapt to technological change. Support from the state, business incubators and other organizations can significantly improve the conditions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. An up-to-date analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises was carried out and the corresponding steps for creating an effective innovation potential of small and medium-sized enterprises were provided. The key elements of innovation potential are presented, namely: resource base, organizational structure and culture, research and development (R&D), information support, patent and licensing activities, innovation marketing, innovation management. Innovative potential is a key factor for ensuring long-term competitiveness and success of the enterprise on the market. It allows the company not only to respond to changes in the external environment, but also to actively form new market opportunities.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine in the context of digital transformation of state support, crisis challenges, and gradual integration into the EU market. Hypotheses are formulated that the participation of small and medium-sized businesses in foreign economic activity is uneven across enterprise size categories; support policy in 2016–2023 evolved under the influence of external challenges, and digital tools for institutional support and interna­tional cooperation contributed to the growth of their involvement. Statistical analysis methods were used to study the main trends in the foreign economic activity of enterprises. Comparative statistical analysis was used to compare trends in the foreign economic activity of enterprises with different numbers of employees. The dynamics of the main indicators of exports, imports of manufactured products, and the share of sales from e-commerce in total sales by type of enterprise (micro, small, medium, and large) in 2016–2023 were studied. The stages of state policy to support the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine were systematized. The stages of state policy to support the foreign economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine have been systematized. The evolution of the policy to support the foreign economic activity of enterprises of various sizes has been substantiated in stages: strategic planning; institutional formation; digital adaptation; crisis response; digital integration and scaling. The key barriers to the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in foreign economic activity and e‑commerce have been identified, and the main institutional initiatives that contribute to expanding their internationalization potential have been described. The main result is the justification of targeted instru­ments for differentiated, digitally oriented support for the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises, taking into account their size and state of development. The practical value of the research lies in laying the foundations for the modernization of the internationalization policy of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine, taking into account current challenges and opportunities.

This article analyzes the state and prospects for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Vladimir region. The authors demonstrate that SMEs play a key role in the regional economy, contributing significantly to GDP, job creation, and infrastructure development. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an important factor in economic growth and social stability in Russian regions. The structure of region's SME is diverse, encompassing various legal forms, which provides flexibility and adaptability to market conditions. The article emphasizes the important role of government support, including preferential lending programs and tax incentives, as well as the development of support infrastructure (business incubators and technology parks). The article provides statistical information showing a positive trend in the number of enterprises (+2.2%), employment (+6.9%), and turnover (+15.5%) of small and medium-sized businesses in the Vladimir region over the past period. There has also been a significant increase in the average monthly salary of employees (+20.4%). The authors argue that the key factor for the further development of small and medium-sized businesses is the promotion of entrepreneurial activity among the younger generation. The article identifies the main challenges that hinder the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the region. The article discusses the need for government intervention in the economic regulation of small and medium-sized businesses. It emphasizes that without proper government support, the region's economy cannot effectively utilize its resources, which ultimately affects the standard of living and sustainable development of society. The authors identify the key strategic aspects of government support for small and medium-sized enterprises, focusing on creating a sustainable economic environment, developing a modern support ecosystem, and fostering effective collaboration with large businesses.

Purpose Digitalization can likely achieve firm sustainability, which is required for success. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of digital enablers in enhancing sustainability among the managers of Pakistan’s small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), using the resource-based view and dynamic capability theories. Design/methodology/approach For this study, the authors used a quantitative method. Cross-sectional data were collected using a questionnaire sent to managers and non-manager employees who were familiar with digital technologies. Finally, this study used 296 valid sample sizes for the study’s results. Findings Using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings show that digital technologies positively impact digital platforms and, in turn, firm sustainability. On the one hand, organizational dynamism positively impacts firm sustainability. On the other hand, digital orientation has a negative effect on organizational dynamism and firm sustainability. Digital platforms are also a negative predictor of firm sustainability. Turning to the mediating impacts, on the one hand, organizational dynamism is a positive factor that develops the connection between digital technologies and firm sustainability. On the other hand, organizational dynamism and digital platforms negatively mediate the association between digital orientation and firm sustainability. Finally, digital platform constructs negatively mediate between digital technologies and firm sustainability. Practical implications This study’s findings support policymakers’ and planners’ design policies to boost digitalization among SMEs and enhance their sustainability. By adopting these findings, SMEs may enhance their digital capabilities, technologies and employee orientations to become more successful. Originality/value This study’s findings fill the gaps in the existing literature by contributing an integrated framework that simultaneously confirms the direct and mediating paths among Pakistan’s SME managers.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are an important part of China's national economy. Their development drives employment, taxation, innovation, the market economy, and many other fields. However, due to the influence of multiple factors, the current situation of cost management in many SMEs is worrying. Common problems in their production and operation include confused corporate functions, incomplete financial systems, and weak awareness of cost budget management. This article briefly introduces the current situation of SMEs in China, combines relevant theoretical knowledge of cost management, and uses research methods such as case analysis, literature review, and comparative analysis to elaborate on and analyze the cost management of SMEs in detail. The case selected in this article is a small and medium-sized retail enterprise mainly engaged in entrusted agency and distribution. It has been established for 24 years, with a relatively mature and complete overall operation model and management system. The operational problems it reflects are representative among retail SMEs. Firstly, the article expounds on the characteristics of SMEs and the content of cost management. On this basis, taking Company H as a case, it analyzes the problems existing in the company's cost management and puts forward corresponding suggestions. The main cost management problems of SMEs include weak awareness of cost budget, unreasonable organizational structure, lax control of indirect costs, long accounts receivable cycles, and difficulty in collecting payments. Secondly, it conducts a specific analysis of the problems existing in the enterprise and proposes suggestions. The specific improvement suggestions include strengthening the awareness of cost management, improving the organizational structure of cost control, enhancing the control of indirect costs, and strengthening the management policy of accounts receivable. Finally, considering that SMEs vary in industry fields and scales, in the actual cost management process, flexible application should be made according to industry characteristics and with reference to the management experience of successful enterprises in the same industry. This paper focuses on the main influencing factors of cost management in small and medium-sized retail enterprises and how to manage the cost issues in the production and operation of enterprises, hoping to provide references for the cost management of small and medium-sized retail enterprises.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can promote the development of the national economy and society. In the market, small and medium-sized enterprises can provide jobs, promote technological development and accelerate economic growth. With the development of big data and management information systems, small and medium-sized enterprises are facing severe tests. Innovation management is an implementable way to meet this test. Innovation management is an all-round innovation from the main technology, system and management idea of an enterprise. It not only integrates the external resources of the enterprise but also improves the vitality of the enterprise itself and the ability to deal with risks. Therefore, this paper analyzes the problems and countermeasures of innovation management in SMEs in China. By using the method of a literature review, this paper expounds the requirements, current situation, and solutions of the innovative management of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises and finally draws the conclusion that SMEs should innovate organization and ideas, widen financing channels, and enhance the ability of independent innovation.

This case study used a technology readiness level (TRL), market attractiveness level (MAL), and customer readiness level (CRL) to measure the prospect of promising products. The TRL, MAL, and CRL were measured using Delphi methods. A TRL is composed of basic research as well as experimental, prototype, practical, and commercial stages. A market attractiveness level is made up of global market size, global market growth rate, and government policy suitability. A customer readiness level was measured using consumer preference. The promising products were mainly selected as information communication and software related products. Among the technologies and products announced by domestic and foreign organizations, products suitable for research and development tasks of small and medium-sized enterprises were selected. The results of this case study are expected to be committed for the enhancement of the success rate of commercialization for small and medium-sized enterprises by being dedicated to the R&D planning of small and medium-sized enterprises in the ICT (Information and Communication Technology)/SW (Software)) field and proposing a direction to pursue the business. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to measure the prospect of promising products by using three levels: TRL, MAL, and CRL, which are measured using Delphi methods. This approach aims to enhance the success rate of commercialization for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Regional Context of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Development: Case Study of Southern Poland