Оценка потенциальной опасности для здоровья человека наночастиц оксида цинка

Due to their potential to boost plant development and agricultural productivity, nano fertilizers have become increasingly used in agriculture. Nano fertilisers are known to increase photosynthetic efficiency, enhance nutrient delivery, and protect plants from pests and illnesses. An investigation was needed to highlight the importance of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO NPs) in agriculture. This study examined the potential effects of ZnO and TiO2 NPs on soil micronutrients. The impact of TiO2 and ZnO NPs on soil micronutrient concentrations was evaluated before and after their addition. An ICP-OES instrument was used to determine the concentration of micronutrients in the studied soils. The impact of TiO2 NPs was more effective than that of ZnO NPs on micronutrient concentration improvement. The Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations increased by 2.44, 197.94, 52.27 and 111.18%, respectively. The synergistic effects of the used NPs were investigated, and there were obvious changes in the concentration of micronutrients after adding NPs. The Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu levels changed in all soils due to adding TiO2 and ZnO NPs. However, SCity and BS were more influenced than SAgri and RS due to their high clay and organic matter content. This research uniquely demonstrated the effects of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on soil micronutrient concentrations and their interactions with other soil nutrients.

Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) leaf extract was successfully used to create zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and their properties were investigated via several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis spectroscopy). SEM analysis confirmed the spherical and elliptical shapes of the particles. Three different zinc peaks were observed via EDX at the energies of 1, 8.7, and 9.8 keV, together with a single oxygen peak at 0.5 keV. The XRD analysis identified ZnO NPs as having a hexagonal wurtzite structure, with a particle size that decreased from 24.39 to 18.77 nm, and with an increasing surface area (BET) from 4.003 to 6.032 m2/g for the ZnO (without extract) and green ZnO NPs, respectively. The FTIR analysis confirmed the groups of molecules that were accountable for the stabilization and minimization of the ZnO NPs, which were apparent at 3400 cm. Using UV–Vis spectroscopy, the band-gap energies (Egs) for the green ZnO and ZnO (without extract) NPs were estimated, and the values were 2.65 and 2.79 eV, respectively.

Recent research indicates a prevalence of typical lung infections, such as pneumonia, in lung cancer patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii stand out as antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Given this, there is a growing interest in alternative therapeutic avenues. Boron and zinc derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. This research aimed to establish the effectiveness of ZnO and ZB NPs in combating bacterial infections in lung cancer cell lines. Initially, this study determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc borate (ZB) on chosen benchmark strains. Subsequent steps involved gauging treatment success through a lung cancer-bacteria combined culture and immunohistochemical analysis. The inhibitory impact of ZnO NPs on bacteria was charted as follows: 0.97µg/mL for K. pneumoniae 700603, 1.95µg/mL for P. aeruginosa 27853, and 7.81µg/mL for Acinetobacter baumannii 19,606. In comparison, the antibacterial influence of zinc borate was measured as 7.81µg/mL for Klebsiella pneumoniae 700603 and 500µg/mL for both P. aeruginosa 27853 and A.baumannii 19606. After 24h, the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs and ZB was analyzed using the MTT technique. The lowest cell viability was marked in the 500µg/mL ZB NPs group, with a viability rate of 48.83% (P < 0.001). However, marked deviations appeared at ZB concentrations of 61.5µg/mL (P < 0.05) and ZnO NPs at 125µg/mL. A synergistic microbial inhibitory effect was observed when ZnO NP and ZB were combined against the bacteria under investigation.

The efficiency of Cd-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in maize growing in Cd-rich conditions was tested in the current study. The best Cd-tolerant strain, Bacillus pumilus, exhibited plant growth stimulation in vivo and in vitro experiments. We determined the toxic concentrations (30 (ppm)) of both NPs for plant growth. B. pumilus, ZnO NPs (20 (ppm)), and TiO2 NPs (10 (ppm)) had a synergistic effect on plant growth promotion in Cd-contaminated soil (120 (ppm)) in a pot experiment. Both alone and in combination, these therapies reduced Cd toxicity, resulting in improved stress metabolism and defense responses. The combined treatments showed increased relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total sugars, and proteins and significantly reduced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, this combination increased the levels of minerals and antioxidants and reduced Cd bioaccumulation in shoots and roots by 40–60%. Our in silico pipeline presented a novel picture of the participation of ZnO–TiO2 protein interaction in both B. pumilus and maize. These findings provide fresh insights on the use of B. pumilus, ZnO, and TiO2 NPs, both separately and in combination, as a viable and environmentally benign strategy for reducing Cd stress in maize.

Role of Cyt-C/caspases-9,3, Bax/Bcl-2 and the FAS death receptor pathway in apoptosis induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles in human aortic endothelial cells and the protective effect by alpha-lipoic acid

The current study was undertaken to investigate the immunomodulatory and protective effects of Withania somnifera (WS) extract and Withaferin A (WA) supplementation on zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated toxicity in Balb/c mice. The animals were exposed to ZnO NPs along with WS and WA for 28 days and various parameters like body weight, organ coefficient, cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO), total serum protein, phagocytosis, and the gene expression levels of TLR6 and ARG genes were determined. In vivo study showed that, dose-dependent reduction in phagocytosis, an increase in the levels of NO production along with up-regulation of TLR6, arginase gene was significant (P < 0.05) when ZnO NPs were given. However toxicity of ZnO NP was reduced in presence of WS and WA with decreased TLR6 over expression and restoration of phagocytic activities. Our results provided a valuable insight into the underlying mechanism for the protective effects of WS. Mechanism of toxicity induced by Zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO NPs and immunomodulatory protective effects of Withania somnifera extract (WS) and Withaferin A (WA), in Balb/c mice modal of peritoneal macrophages. Red arrows: effect of ZnO NPs independently leads to ROS production which attenuated the phagocytosis of yeast by macrophages through, up-regulation of TLR6 and down-regulation of arginase gene expression. Green arrows: co-treatment, Impact of Withania somnifera extract with zinc oxide nanoparticles (WS + ZnO NPs), Withaferin A along with zinc oxide nanoparticles (WA + ZnO NPs)-enhance phagocytic activity by counteracting mechanism of ZnO NPs toxicity. Black arrows: increasing or decreasing effects. Per oral (P.O).

This research aimed to produce Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using bacterial isolates and examine their potent antibacterial properties and toxic effects on breast cancer cell. A clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected from 170 clinical bacterial isolates for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. ZnO NPs were biosynthesized from the bacterial filtrate. The physiochemical properties of the synthesized ZnO NPs were then characterized using various techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The antibacterial tests were conducted using the agar well diffusion technique, employing ZnO NPs at concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 µg/ml. Additionally, the anticancer effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells were examined using the MTT assay. The study also included an assessment of apoptotic activity using Annexin V, analyzed through flow cytometry. From FESEM analysis, ZnO NPs were found to have an average size of 32.5 nm. and the other characteristic analysis confirmed the production of nanoparticles. The activity of produces ZnO NPs was tested against three pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in solid media. ZnO NPs showed potential antibacterial activity against tested bacteria, at concentration 100 µg/ml of ZnO NPs which showed the highest inhibition zones were (28, 27 and 23mm ) for S. aureus , E. coli and P. aeuroginosa respectively , Whereas the lowest inhibition zones were observed at 3.125 µg/ml for the S. auereus and E.coli by diameter ( 9 and 10 mm) respectively and with no effect on P. aeuroginosa. These nanoparticles also showed a dose response anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 72.87µg ml-1 while on normal HEF cell line showed less effective. Annexin-V / Propidium Iodide (PI) flow cytometry analysis confirmed that ZnO NPs induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

Development and validation of TOF-SIMS and CLSM imaging method for cytotoxicity study of ZnO nanoparticles in HaCaT cells

Corrosion inhibiting effects of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles by the extract of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves

AimAddressing the need for enhanced antibacterial properties in dental materials, this study investigated the impact of integrating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and mesoporous ZnO NPs into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on microhardness and surface roughness.Materials and MethodsSeventy disk-shaped RMGIC specimens were allocated to seven experimental groups: RMGIC (control), RMGIC with 3 wt.% ZnO NPs, 5 wt.% ZnO NPs, 7 wt.% ZnO NPs, 3 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs, 5 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs, and 7 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs. Surface roughness and Vickers microhardness were quantified using a surface profilometer and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Statistical analysis was carried out with a significance level set at p < 0.05.ResultIncorporating 5 wt.% of ZnO NPs or mesoporous ZnO NPs into the RMGIC yielded the highest microhardness values, while the control group exhibited the lowest microhardness values. Notably, the microhardness values of RMGIC with 3 and 5 wt.% ZnO NPs or mesoporous ZnO NPs were significantly higher than those of the 7 wt.% concentration. Regarding surface roughness, the control group displayed the highest roughness value, while RMGIC with 5 wt.% mesoporous ZnO NPs exhibited the lowest roughness values. Therefore, incorporating up to 5 wt.% ZnO NPs or mesoporous ZnO NPs led to decreased roughness values, with a notable increase observed at the 7 wt.% concentration, albeit still lower than the control group's roughness values.ConclusionIncorporating 5 wt.% ZnO NPs or mesoporous ZnO NPs resulted in significantly enhanced microhardness values compared to the control group and the 7 wt.% concentration. The introduction of up to 5 wt.% NPs led to reduced surface roughness, with the 7 wt.% concentration showing a slight increase in roughness. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing NP concentrations, particularly mesoporous NPs, in RMGIC to enhance mechanical properties, offering valuable insights for the development of dental materials with improved performance characteristics.

Green synthesis of ultrafine zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye: Optimization and kinetic studies

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely utilized in various industrial and biomedical applications due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, increasing evidence suggests that excessive exposure to ZnO NPs can lead to significant toxicity in vital organs, including the liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart, primarily through oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage. This study investigates the protective potential of ginger (Zingiber officinale) against ZnO NP induced toxicity in these organs. Adult rats were divided into control, ZnO NP treated, ginger-treated, and ZnO NP plus ginger-treated groups. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examinations, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed to assess organ function and tissue integrity. Results demonstrated that. ZnO NP exposure significantly altered liver, kidney, and spleen function markers. Co-administration of ginger ameliorated these effects, restoring biochemical parameters and preserving histological architecture, likely due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These findings suggest that ginger may serve as a natural therapeutic agent to mitigate the toxic effects of ZnO NPs on vital organs.

Solar irradiation driven catalytic dye degradation by novel biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO–NPs) from Barleria mysorensis: Kinetics, reusability and mineralization studies

The present work reports the first green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Tecoma stans leaf extract. The TEM images show triangular shape ZnO-NPs with sizes ranging from 15 to 20 nm. The XPS spectrum revealed the presence of Zn and O in the sample. Photoluminescence studies of ZnO-NPs displayed a sharp emission of blue band at 447 nm, attributed to the defect structures in ZnO crystal. The synthesized ZnO-NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against 5 bacterial and 4 fungal strains with the highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 24 mm and 30 mm being shown against Achromobacter spanius and Penicillium citirinum strain using 1 mM ZnO nanoparticles solution, respectively. Furthermore, the current study reveals that ZnO NPs have prospective uses in various medical and industrial domains, making the study extremely relevant and beneficial to the scientific community.

Nanotechnology has become a promising approach and gain the appreciable recognition due to have biomedical application. Nanoparticles exhibited unique characteristic and play an effective role in area of science. The synthesis of nanoparticles with desire size and shape is an important field of research in nanotechnology. Herein we synthesized the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using zinc acetate as precursor and extract of waste strawberry extract as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent. Further, obtained ZnO NPs characterized by UV–vis, FTIR, EDX, XRD, and TEM analysis. The UV–vis result confirm ZnONPs formation with its surface Plasmon resonance peak (SPR) at 311 nm due to the collective oscillations of electrons in the conduction band in UV–vis spectra. XRD peaks also meet the standard of ZnONPs peaks and indicated that the prepared material consists of particles in nanoscale range. The SEM and TEM analyze the morphology, shape and size in range 50 nm with spherical shape. The FTIR was tested the functional group liable for the synthesis of ZnONPs.Graphical