Кластеризация технологии торкретирования с позиции единого системного комплексного подхода

IntroductionThe European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) measures 15 health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scales relevant to the disease and treatment of patients with cancer. A study by Martinelli (2011) demonstrated that these scales could be grouped into three main clusters: physical, psychological and gastrointestinal. This study aims to validate Martinelli's findings in an independent dataset and evaluate whether these clusters are consistent across cancer types and patient characteristics. MethodsPre-defined criteria for successful validation were three main clusters should emerge with a minimum R-squared value of 0.51 using pooled baseline-data. A cluster analysis was performed on the 15 QLQ-C30 HRQoL-scales in the overall dataset, as well as by cancer type and selected patient characteristics to examine the robustness of the results. ResultsThe dataset consisted of 20,066 patients pooled across 17 cancer types. Overall, three main clusters were identified (R2 = 0.61); physical-cluster included role-functioning, physical-functioning, social-functioning, fatigue, pain, and global-health status; psychological-cluster included emotional-functioning, cognitive-functioning, and insomnia; gastro-intestinal-cluster included nausea/vomiting and appetite loss. The results were consistent across different levels of disease severity, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with minor variations by cancer type. Global-health status was found to be strongly linked to the scales included in the physical-functioning-related cluster. ConclusionThis study successfully validated prior findings by Martinelli (2011): the QLQ-C30 scales are interrelated and can be grouped into three main clusters. Knowing how these multidimensional HRQoL scales are related to each other can help clinicians and patients with cancer in managing symptom burden, guide policymakers in defining social-support plans and inform selection of HRQoL scales in future clinical trials.

Using comparative genomic hybridisation, we investigated chromosomal imbalances in 28 cases of thymic epithelial neoplasms including type A, B2, B3, the A component of type AB and different subtypes of type C thymoma. To identify different patterns of chromosomal aberrations associated with the biological behaviour and the histological diversity of thymomas, a hierarchical cluster analysis of 65 cases was performed. The here-reported Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (CGH) data (28 cases) of partly uninvestigated tumour subtypes were pooled with previously published data of chromosomal imbalances of 37 thymomas (Zettl et al. [Am J Pathol 2000;157:257-66]). The analysis of 278 chromosomal subbands yielded 2 main clusters. The first main cluster was characterised by gains of the chromosomal arm 1q, consisted only of type C and B3 thymomas and was further subdivided into 2 subgroups. To the first subgroup only thymomas were attributed, which, in addition to gains of the chromosomal arm 1q, showed losses on 6q and 16q, whereas tumours belonging to the second subgroup exhibited no further recurrent chromosomal alterations. The second main cluster was formed by a heterogeneous group of thymoma types (types A, AB, B2, B3 and C), showing no specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances. In 19 thymomas, no chromosomal imbalances could be detected (3 type B2 and 5 type A thymomas of our study as well as 11 type A thymomas investigated by Zettl et al., Am J Pathol 2000;157:257-66). Chromosomal imbalances were more frequent in type C thymomas than in other subtypes. The distribution of tumour stages according to Masaoka (p = 0.003) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification (p < 0.0001) was significantly different in the clusters and subgroups obtained. The groups reflect the staging system and the WHO classification and show that type B3 and type C carcinomas have a strong relationship concerning their chromosomal imbalances. Furthermore, chromosomal imbalances detected in some type A thymomas might be responsible for the aggressive behaviour described in a few cases of this thymoma subtype.

Machine vision or image analysis is an important tool in the study of morphology of any materials. This technique has been used successfully to differentiate the eleven oats cultivars based on morphological characters. The geometry of seeds was measured through image analyzer and the variation was observed and recorded. From the recorded data, the cluster analysis was carried out and it revealed that the cultivars could be grouped into two main clusters based on similarity in the measured parameters. Cultivar Sabzar, UPO 212, OL 9 and OL 88 formed one main cluster. The another main cluster includes cv. Kent, OS 6, UPO 94, HFO 114, OS 7, HJ 8 and JHO 822 with many sub clusters. Among the cultivars HJ 8 and JHO 822 has more similarity in all measured parameters than other cultivars. Thus morphological characterization through seed image analysis was found useful to discriminate the cultivars.

In this research, morphological characterization of wild Prunus scoparia species, naturally growing in Iran, was investigated. Twenty-one variables along flowering and ripening date were recorded in 150 accessions of this species to detect their phenotypic variation. All studied characteristics were showing a high degree of variability, but it was highly pronounced for secondary shoot number, leaf area and shape, growth habit, fruit exocarp color, nut shape, pubescence on fruit, canopy size and trunk diameter. The majority of significant correlation coefficients were found in the characteristics representing tree and nut sizes with leaf size. Principal component analysis was performed for phenotypical diversity determination and grouping of species. Characters with high discriminating values were those related to tree height, growth habit, canopy size and kernel weight. Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, accessions were placed in two main clusters. The first main cluster was divided into five subclusters with high variability within and between populations, while the second cluster contained 11 accessions of Estahban region. Current findings supported these opportunities since the phenotypic variability in Iranian wild P. scoparia species has been found to be very high, suggesting an extensive genetic diversity available to almond cultivar and rootstock development programs. The wide adaptation of this species indicates its potential as resources for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought and spring frost. The conservation of the highly diverse native populations of Iranian wild P. scoparia species is recommended.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between functional skills, sensorimotor, and anthropometric variables of the hand in health science students. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 70 students (21.51± 1.59 years; 61 women, 9 men) from Biruni University. Upper extremity anthropometric measurements were taken from the students. Hand Dynamometer and Pinchmeter were used for hand grip strength, Purdue Pegboard Test for hand dexterity, Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament for two-point discrimination, and Vibration Perception Test were used for sensory functions. Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to find the clustering trend of the variables. Results: At the end of the research, two main clusters were obtained, of which four sub-clusters belonging to the second one were identified. The main cluster I contains pinch, dipod, tripod, lateral grip force, Purdue pegboard dominant, non-dominant, both, and assembly. Main cluster II contains finger lengths, palmar length, hand grip, total upper extremity length, height, two-point discrimination, vibration, weight, BMI, monofilament, palmar width, segmental arm, forearm, and hand length. Conclusion: As a result of the research, it was determined that pinch grip strength, dexterity, anthropometric and sensory characteristics were related to each other.

In this work, Varela’s contribution to the emergence of a biocybernetic paradigm in the social sciences is proposed and, in this context, his contribution to the practice of relational mindfulness. It starts by showing that in the convergence of informatics, neuroscience, and linguistics, a new unified perspective is built on the phenomena of perception and knowledge that lay the foundations for a new paradigm in science. The scientific contribution of the biologist Francisco Varela is collected. This is the one that brings to science the philosophical vision that comes from the phenomenological tradition that recognizes that knowledge is related to the fact of being in a world that is inseparable from our body, our language, and our social history. In this unified scientific approach, knowledge is ontological. Hence, this scientific approach has been given the name of “ontological turn,” which shows that living systems operate with operational closure and do not have an input and output relationship with the environment. From the development of cyber sciences, a unified approach is proposed in which the methodology of a neurophenomenology is used to discuss the transverse emergence, the production of distributed systems interwoven by lines that encompass the brain-body-environment relationship. It is this neurophenomenology that constitutes a contribution to the practice of relational mindfulness. Finally, a point of view is raised regarding the fact that this contribution shapes the emergence of social biocybernetics.

The problems of sustainability and stability of organizational and technological models of the object construction are revealed. The scientific approach is generalized for the formation of the complex properties of organizational and technological models, based on the consideration of the technology of object construction as a framework for the development of construction models. The technology of construction of buildings and structures is analyzed. The method of the consideration of technologies for the construction of buildings and structures is proposed from the point of view of the connections between technologically interconnected processes and the nature of the interaction of linked simple and complex processes. The dependences between technologically related technological activities and processes are obtained. The qualitative and quantitative estimates of the dependences obtained between technologically related works and processes are determined. The deterministic characteristics of the technical connections between works and processes, giving steady properties and used for the development of object construction models.

Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming more popular in various industries, including the construction industry. Currently, construction 3D printing is sufficiently well studied from an academic point of view, leading towards the transition from experimental to mass large-scale construction. Most questions arise about the applicability of construction 3D printers for printing entire buildings and structures. This paper provides an overview of the different types of construction 3D printing technologies currently in use, and their fundamental differences, as well as some significant data on the advantages of using these advanced technologies in construction. A description of the requirements for composite printing is also provided, with possible issues that may arise when switching from lab-scale construction printing to mass large-scale printing. All printers using additive manufacturing technologies for construction are divided into three types: robotic arm printers, portal-type printers, and gantry 3D printers. It is noted that gantry printers are more suitable for large-scale printing since some of their configurations have the ability to construct buildings that are practically unlimited in size. In addition, all printers are not capable of printing with concrete containing a coarse aggregate, which is a necessary requirement in terms of the strength and economic feasibility of 3D printing material for large-scale applications.

Narcolepsy with and without cataplexy, idiopathic hypersomnia with and without long sleep time: a cluster analysis

Sustainable transport system must be supported by resilient infrastructure such as bridges. Bridge is an essential transportation structure that offers unique solutions for road and rail traffic to cross rivers, gorges and difficult ground conditions or for reducing conflict points in transportation system by carrying one mode of traffic over the other. Due to its pronounced economic importance to the society, bridge design aspects must go beyond the physical bridge structures and must cover all the factors that impact on the safe operation throughout its serviceable life span. The environment and the obstacle it crosses, the soil which carries it, the self-weight, imposed dead weights and the moving live loads must be adequately taken care of. The considerable conflicting factors of the site’s soil characteristics, river hydrology, ecosystem environmental impact, aesthetics, historical and archaeological impacts, permanent and transient loads, construction technologies and construction materials bring together a vast expertise of professionals. These sizeable factors must be well managed and harnessed by the vast team of experts involved to guarantee a positive outcome. The vast decay of Nigerian transport system is visible in all complimenting infrastructure including bridges. Cases of bridge collapse abound in Nigeria within the last decade. This research studies the failure trends of bridges in Nigeria and forty-five documented cases are considered for the research. Structural health monitoring approaches were combined with statistical measures to assess the causes and to proffer solutions to the failure trend. Poor maintenance, torrential rainfall/flooding, terrorist attacks, faulty design, poor materials and construction quality and truck overloading were found to be the major causes of bridge failures in Nigeria.

The maritime economy, a cornerstone of global trade and economic development, is undergoing rapid transformation driven by technological advancements, sustainability challenges, and evolving regulatory frameworks. This study systematically organizes and analyses 827 scientific articles from the Web of Science, employing a hybrid methodology integrating Social Network Analysis (SNA), the Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) clustering algorithm, and large language models (LLMs) to identify key research themes and emerging trends. Through an iterative "human-in-the-loop" process, we refine the clustering process, resulting in six main clusters and 26 subclusters spanning topics such as governance and strategic management, forecasting and modelling, port operations, digital innovations, sustainability, and risk management. The results reveal a marked shift toward sustainability-oriented and technology-driven research, emphasizing the convergence of environmental responsibility, digital transformation, and operational resilience. The findings also highlight the growing role of autonomous technologies, big data analytics, and blockchain in reshaping maritime systems, while underscoring the need for adaptive governance frameworks and cross-sectoral collaboration. By offering a structured, data-driven overview of the maritime research ecosystem, this study contributes a novel methodological framework for bibliometric exploration and provides actionable insights for scholars, policymakers, and industry stakeholders seeking to advance innovation and sustainability in the maritime domain.

Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a highly nutritious and important food crop widely cultivated in the arid and semiarid regions in the world. Therefore it is worthy to be subjected to crop improvement programs. Germplasm collection and characterization are preliminary and important steps in crop improvement programmes. This study was conducted to characterize randomly selected 24 finger millet germplasm accessions conserved at the plant Genetic Resource Centre, Gannoruwa, Sri Lanka using 14 quantitative characters. The maximum positive and significant coefficient of variation was observed between weight of grain per ear and weight of sun dried ear. Phenotypic correlation between weight of grain per ear was highly significant and positively associated with days to flowering, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, plant height, culm thickness, finger length, finger width, days to maturity and weight of sun dried ears, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, plant height, culm thickness, finger length, finger width, days to maturity and weight of sun dried ears. The principal component analysis revealed that the first five component with Eigen values greater than 0.87 contributed about 85.5% of total variability. The twenty for finger millet accessions grouped in to four main clusters in the cluster analysis. Results of cluster analysis could be used in the crop breeding and conservation programmes.

The genetic diversity and the relationships among a collection of Brassica napus L. European populations were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. The study included 33 accessions of B. napus collected from Galicia (northwestern Spain) and 18 British cultivars, 16 accessions of B. napus and two accessions of Brassica oleracea L. used as controls. DNA from 25 individuals per population was analyzed using 18 decamer primers. One hundred thirty-eight amplification products were scored of which 105 were polymorphic. These bands ranged in size from 350 to 2500 base pairs. Similarity coefficients and cluster analysis were computed and six groups were obtained. Cluster I was the largest and included all the landraces from northwestern Spain, except two accessions that grouped separately into Clusters III and IV, respectively. A low level of genetic variability was detected among the B. napus Spanish genotypes, while considerable diversity was present among the British ones, which grouped into three groups, two main clusters and one group formed by one accession. Cluster II included all commercial varieties grown in Great Britain whereas Cluster V grouped local varieties maintained by the growers for many years. Cluster VI was a singularity formed by one entry. British accessions of B. oleracea had the greatest dissimilarity with all the other populations and grouped separately in Clusters VII and VIII. As conclusion, B. napus landraces used in northwestern Spain as leafy-green vegetable probably have an independent origin from B. napus crops grown in other European regions. Besides, separate domestication in northwestern Spain and Great Britain for a different end use might have led to two distinct gene pools.

Aegilops tauschii, the diploid progenitor of the wheat D-genome, is a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeders. In this study, we compared the efficiency of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) (as an arbitrary technique) and start codon targeted (SCoT) (as a gene-targeting technique) markers in determining the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 accessions of Ae. tauschii. SCoT markers indicated the highest values for polymorphism information content, marker index and effective multiplex ratio compared to ISSR markers. The total genetic diversity (Ht) and genetic diversity within populations (Hs) parameters were comparably modest for the two marker systems. The results of the analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic variation within populations was significantly higher than among them (ISSR: 92 versus 8%; SCoT: 88 versus 12%). Furthermore, SCoT markers discovered a high level of genetic differentiation among populations than ISSRs (0.19 versus 0.05), while the amount of gene flow detected by ISSR was higher than SCoT (2.13 versus 8.62). Cluster analysis and population structure of SCoT and ISSR data divided all investigated accessions into two and four main clusters, respectively. Our results revealed that SCoT and ISSR fingerprinting could be used to further molecular analysis in Ae. tauschii and other wild species. The high-genetic variability found in this study also indicates the valuable genetic potential present in the investigated Ae. tauschii germplasm, which could be utilized for future genetic analysis and linkage mapping in breeding programmes.

Papaya is an important fruit crop, produced in Kenya for local consumption and export. Despite a history of varietal introductions, no attempts concerned on developing varieties suited to Kenyan conditions have been documented. The objective of this study was to provide information on the diversity of germplasm available in Kenya, as a precursor to systematic plant breeding program. Forty two papaya accessions were collected from farmers’ fields located in Coast, Rift Valley, Western, Nyanza, Central and Eastern provinces. Genetic diversity was determined using seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, computing allelic richness and frequency, expected heterozygosity and cluster analysis. Results indicated that the markers were highly polymorphic among the accessions, with polymorphic information content (PIC) varying from 0.75 to 0.852 with an average of 0.81. The genetic similarity among the 42 papaya accessions ranged from 0.764 to 0.932 with an average of 0.844 showing that most papaya accessions used in this study were closely related. About 96.9% of the pair-wise comparisons among papaya accessions exhibited genetic similarity greater than 0.802, while less than 4% (3.1%) showed genetic similarity lower than 0.802. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the 42 accessions into two main clusters A and B. Cluster A had four sub-clusters while cluster B had one cluster. Accessions from Coast, and some from Rift Valley Provinces, presented the highest variation, being scattered throughout the tree, with little or no differentiation from most accessions, whereas some accessions from Coast regrouped in clusters A (iv) and B. The genetic differences among the accessions revealed by the formation of distinct clusters suggest significant genetic variability emanation from varying sources of the papaya germplasm in Kenya. Although the level of genetic diversity revealed by SSR markers in this study is sufficient to distinguish between breeding lines for varietal protection, the rather narrow genetic diversity demonstrated indicates the need to introduce new germplasm or use other techniques such as mutation and genetic engineering to provide breeding materials for the future improvement of papaya in Kenya. Key words : Kenya, papaya, genetic diversity.